• 융합신호처리학회논문지
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• 제10권1호
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• pp.93-99
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• 2009

퍼지제어, 신경망, 유전알고리즘은 시스템의 지능을 좀 더 높게 만들기 위한 알고리즘들이다. 본 논문은 원하는 응답을 얻기 위해 유전알고리즘을 사용해서 퍼지제어기를 최적화시켰다. 또한, 보상된 퍼지제어기는 두 개의 제어규칙을 갖는다. 하나의 제어규칙은 오버슛과 과도응답영역에서 일어나는 상승시간을 감소시키기 위해 사용하고 다른 하나는 정상상태오차를 줄이고 수렴영역에서의 수렴을 빠르게 가져가기 위해 사용된다. 유전알고리즘 제어기는 두 개의 퍼지 룰 베이스의 최적한 교체시기를 찾기 위해 사용하며 퍼지-유전알고리즘 제어기는 재생산, 교배와 변이의 과정을 갖는다. 그리고 유압서보 모터 제어시스템에 적용하여 제안한 알고리즘을 실험하였다. 실험 결과 보상된 FUZZY-GA제어기가 두 개의 룰 베이스를 갖는 퍼지제어 기술에 비해 좋은 제어성능을 가짐을 관찰하였다.

• 대한공간정보학회지
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• 제4권2호
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• pp.15-22
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• 1996

국토의 효율적 개발과 이용을 위해 정확한 지형정보가 절실히 요구되고 있는 요즈음, 국내에서는 GPS의 응용에 많은 관심이 모아지고 있으며 그 실용화를 위한 여러 가지 기초적인 연구가 수행되고 있다. 본 연구에서는 기선거리 $1.51km{\sim}210km$범위의 측점을 선정하여 연속관측을 수행하고 상대측위에 의한 GPS 기선벡터의 기선거리별 정확도를 다양하게 고찰하였다. 연구결과, 1주파 수신기를 이용하여 10km이내의 단기선에서 2시간 관측으로 약 0.3ppm의 정확도를 얻을 수 있었고 1시간 관측으로도 1ppm이하의 정확도를 얻을 수 있었다. $100{\sim}200km$의 장기선의 경우에는 2주파수신기를 이용하여 3시간 관측으로 약 0.3ppm의 정확도를 얻을 수 있었다. 이와 같은 연구결과를 토대로 최적 관측시간 및 기선처리 해법에 의한 관측 및 자료처리를 수행한다면, 지형정보를 보다 효율적으로 획득하는데 기여할 수 있을 것이다.

• 한국산업보건학회지
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• 제26권3호
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• pp.237-252
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• 2016

Objectives: This study was conducted in order to improve the current understanding of rare earths(RE) and to provide supporting data for establishing occupational health policies by reviewing the toxicological data and issues caused by the use of RE compounds in various fields. Methods: To evaluate the potential toxicity of RE from the viewpoint of occupational health, we summarized extensive reviews of relevant articles in the toxicology(animals and cells), occupational health and safety, and epidemiologic literature. Results: Although occupational RE exposure occurs extensively from ore mining and refining to end users in various industrial applications, epidemiologic study has not been performed among workers up to now. Bioaccumulation and adverse effects of RE have also been mentioned in ore mining regions and nearby residences, but safety standards for each process are insufficient. Moreover, because new commercial recycling technology will soon be applied to various industries, regulation and policies are needed for preventing abuse of recycling. In the results of animal toxicity for a few REs(mostly cerium, lanthanum, and gadolinium), toxicities of liver, lung, blood, and the nervous system were identified due to oxidative stress, but study of long-term RE exposure is required. Understanding the dual effect for RE and discovery of biomarkers pose a scientific challenge in further mechanism studies. Conclusions: In the future, additional hazard evaluation based on animal experiments is required, alongside continuous research for developing analytical methods and discovering biomarkers. Finally, RE occupational health and safety management needs to be integrated into the sustainable use of these materials.

• 대한통합의학회지
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• 제8권2호
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• pp.211-220
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• 2020

Purpose : The purpose of the present study is to examine the effects of VR training with FES on improving the muscle strength, AROM, and function of the upper limb joints in patients with chronic stroke. Methods : The present study makes use of a pre-post control group design. Thirty patients with chronic stroke were randomly assigned to two groups according to treatment method - the VRFES group and the control group. The VRFES group received 15 minutes of VR training and 15 minutes of FES treatment. The control group received 15 minutes of conservative physical therapy and 15 minutes of VR training. All subjects received 30 minutes of treatment, three times a week, for eight weeks, which amounted to 24 sessions of training. The muscle strength, AROM, and function of the upper extremities were measured before the training and eight weeks after. Upper limb muscle strength was tested using the Digital Manual Muscle Tester while AROM was measured using the Digital Dual Inclinometer. The clinical assessment tools for upper extremity function included the use of the Manual Function Test and the Jebsen-Taylor Hand Function Test. Results : Both groups exhibited great improvements in muscle strength and upper extremity function during the intervention period. The VRFES group exhibited a significant difference in muscle strength, AROM, and function of the upper extremities in comparison with the control group(p<.05). Our results reveal that VRFES is more effective for the muscle strength, AROM, and function of the upper extremities in patients with chronic stroke. Conclusion : VRFES treatment will be used as an important intervention for improving the muscle strength, AROM, and function of the upper extremities in patients with chronic stroke and achieving the functional recovery of the upper extremities.

• 한국전자파학회논문지
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• 제14권8호
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• pp.855-862
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• 2003

본 논문에서 제안하는 안테나는 기존 내장형 안테나의 일종인 PIFA의 단점으로 협대역 문제를 해결하기 위하여, 복사 소자와 접지면 사이에 단락판을 위치시키는 변형된 안테나 형태인 PIFA(Planar Inverted-FAntenna) 구조를 제안하였다. 또한 보다 넓은 대역폭을 가지도록 방사 패치에 톱니모양의 perturbation을 주었다. 제안된 방식으로 단말기에 내장형으로 사용하기 위하여 안테나의 높이(h=0.015λ)를 최소한으로 하여 원하는 대역폭(5.2 %)을 얻었다. slim형으로 하기 위해 안테나의 특성을 급전위치(Yf, Zf), 단락 스트립(Short plate)의 위치 (Zs), 폭 (Ws), perturbation폭(w), 길이(d), 단락 스트립 높이(h), 유전율 변화($\varepsilon$$_{r}$)가 안테나에 어떤 변화를 미치는지를 조사하였다. 또한 기존 PIFA 안테나와의 대역을 비교하고, 제안된 패턴을 H, E plane으로 나타내었다. 논문의 객관성을 입증하기 위하여 FIM(Finite Integration Method) 방식에 기반인 MWS(Microwave Studio) 소프트웨어를 이용하여 Simulation 하였으며, 각각의 구조 파라미터 변화에 따른 안테나 특성을 분석하였다. 그리고 실제 제작한 안테나의 실험결과와 비교하여 증명한 결과, 제안된 방식의 PIFA 안테나 실용화가 가능성을 확인하였다..

• 한국컴퓨터정보학회논문지
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• 제13권7호
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• pp.189-197
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• 2008

NS-2 시뮬레이터는 가장 널리 사용되고 있는 유/무선 통신 시뮬레이터이다. IEEE 802.11 모듈이 NS-2로 구현된 이후, 많은 연구원들이 이것을 이용하여 다양한 MAC 계층 메커니즘에 대한 연구가 진행되었다. 이러한 연구에서 성능 상의 이슈로 가장 중요한 문제는 hidden terminal 문제이다. 그리고 이 문제를 해결을 하기 위해 Busy-tone를 이용하는 BTMA(Busy-tone Multiple Access) DBTMA(Dual Busy-tone Multiple Access) 등과 같은 방법들이 제안되었다. 이러한 Bust-tone을 사용하기 위해서는 충돌 방지를 위해 데이터 채널 이외의 주파수 대역을 사용하는 채널이 필요하며 다수개의 채널은 하나의 MAC 계층에서 관리 될 수 있어야 한다. 본 논문에서는 최신 버전의 NS-2에서 제공되는 IEEE 802.11 모듈을 이용하여 Busy-tone PHY 모듈을 구현하였고 이 모듈을 적용한 수정된 RI-BTMA를 구현하고 성능을 검증하였다.

• 건축역사연구
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• 제17권5호
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• pp.71-94
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• 2008

This study examines the examples and changes of wooden member terms in Yeonggeon-euigwe(營建儀軌) in the era of Joseon Dynasty. As a result of examining examples, about 240 wood member terms were found on the basis of phonetic value and examples different from today's term use were also confirmed. Wood member terms were derived in variety and synonym and different style, that is, coexistence or transition of several notations as the term indicating the same member was found. Derivation of detail terms has the characteristic increasing on the basis of morpheme and formation of different notation followed Chinese notation or was caused by complex coinage features like a coined word of Korea by the meaning of a word and borrowed character notation borrowing sound and it is also related to the specificity of that time which had dual language system. The typical examples without different style for long were pillar, rafter, door and window. Examples with active generation and selection of different styles included beam, capital and bracket-system terms. Different styles were caused by the combination of several notations including borrowed character in the process of Chinese character notation borrowing sound, Korean unique character emphasizing and limiting combination of 木 (wood) with side of character and Chinese. Period showing remarkable change of example notation was the compilation of ${\ll}$the Hwa-Sung-Sung-Euk-Eui-Gue${\gg}$ 華城城役儀軌. ${\ll}$the Hwa-Sung-Sung-Euk-Eui-Gue${\gg}$ is the representative type uigwe made by printed type not by handicraft. Printing by type accompanies unification of the shape of a character necessarily and it was considered that it resulted in the unification of character of different style, the number of strokes and minute difference of strokes, and it was interpreted that common use of intentional notation with the unification of the shape of a character was achieved.

• 조명전기설비학회논문지
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• 제22권6호
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• pp.141-147
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• 2008

본 논문에서는 화합물 반도체 및 CMOS 공정을 이용하여 수신기에서 주파수를 하향 변환하는 수신믹서를 설계하였다. 주파수 하향변환 믹서의 기본적인 이론과 구조에 대해 살펴보고 이중평형 믹서 구조와 광대역 특성을 얻기위해 매칭회로 대신 고주파와 국부발진기의 입력단에 싱글엔드 신호를 차분신호로 변환하기 위한 능동발룬을 결합한 믹서회로를 화합물과 CMOS 공정으로 설계한다. CMOS 공정을 이용하여 제작한 능동발룬 내장 믹서는 $2{\sim}6[GHz]$ 대역에서 1[dB] 이하의 이득오차와 $3[^{\circ}]$ 이하의 위상오차를 가지며 $2{\sim}6[GHz]$ 대역에서 변환이득 $-1{\sim}-6[dB]$ 특성을 얻었다. 모의실험 결과 화합물 공정을 이용하여 능동 발룬을 결합한 믹서는 $2{\sim}6[GHz]$ 주파수대역에서 $-2[dBm]$의 국부발진기 입력에 대해 약 7[dB]의 변환이득과 5.8[GHz]에서 -10[dBm]의 입력 P1[dB]특성을 나타낸다.

• 대한한방부인과학회지
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• 제30권4호
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• pp.175-202
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• 2017

Objectives: This study was conducted towards developing a screening tool for syndrome differentiation in the diagnosis of menopause in menopausal and perimenopausal women. Methods: We conducted a literature review of studies on menopausal diagnosis based on syndrome differentiation, and examined well-founded differentiated syndromes and their respective clinical symptoms. Based on the findings, we created a questionnaire through consultations with Oriental medicine experts in physiology, pathology, and diagnostics. Finally, the research team conducted an expert Delphi study on differentiated syndromes and the associated clinical symptoms. Results: Seven differentiated syndromes were selected, including Liver Depression (肝鬱), Kidney Yin Deficiency (腎陰虛), Kidney Yang Deficiency (腎陽虛), Liver and Kidney Yin Deficiency (肝腎陰虛), Kidney Yin and Yang Deficiency (腎陰陽兩虛), Heart-Kidney Noninteraction (心腎不交), and Dual Deficiency of Heart and Spleen (心脾兩虛); 4 disease locations, including liver (肝), heart (心), spleen (脾), and kidney (腎); and 3 disease natures, including Yin Deficiency (陰虛), Qi Stagnation (氣滯), and Blood Deficiency (血虛). In addition, we added 3 supplemental disease natures, including Yang Deficiency (陽虛), Qi Deficiency (氣虛), and Heat (火熱), in consideration of syndrome differentiation categories that may possibly be added in a follow-up clinical questionnaire. Conclusions: This resulted in a total of 7 differentiated syndromes, 4 disease locations, and 6 disease natures. We translated the clinical symptoms of these 17 categories into Korean Hangeul. After consulting with 5 Oriental medicine experts and a psychology expert, we produced a questionnaire for use in diagnosing menopause based on syndrome differentiation. The calculation of scores for the syndrome differentiation screening tool will be confirmed through clinical research based on the results of a review of existing literature.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• 제44권6호
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• pp.235-241
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• 2011

Electronic cigarettes (e-cigarrettes) were recently introduced and advertised as a smoking cession device in South Korea. As the social norm to quit smoking has gained hold in the country, the number of e-cigarette users is growing rapidly. This phenomenon should be urgently considered, because of the lack of research that has been conducted to examine the safety of e-cigarettes and its efficacy as a smoking cessation aid. This paper raises several public health concerns on e-cigarettes in South Korea. Uncertain regulations of the government on e-cigarettes are contributing to an increase of e-cigarette users and allowing the e-cigarette industry to circumvent existing regulations. The aggressive marketing activity of this industry is also a core factor that is responsible for the rapid increase of e-cigarette use, in particular among the youth. Following the enforcement of tobacco control, some cigarette smokers may be encouraged to purchase e-cigarettes in order to circumvent the regulations, even though the dual use of e-cigarette and cigarette may be more harmful. Until there is clear evidence of the e-cigarette’s safety, it is recommended that the industry’s marketing and promotional activities be banned and closely monitored, and public campaigns be initiated to educate the public regarding e-cigarettes.