• Journal of applied mathematics & informatics
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• v.7 no.3
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• pp.719-738
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• 2000

A dual algorithm based on the smooth function proposed by Polyak (1988) is constructed for solving nonlinear programming problems with inequality constraints. It generates a sequence of points converging locally to a Kuhn-Tucker point by solving an unconstrained minimizer of a smooth potential function with a parameter. We study the relationship between eigenvalues of the Hessian of this smooth potential function and the parameter, which is useful for analyzing the effectiveness of the dual algorithm.

• Physical Therapy Rehabilitation Science
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.44-48
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• 2015

Objective: The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between anticipatory postural adjustment (APA), single task, dual tasks and physical performances. The trunk muscles of APA consist of bilateral erector spinae (ES) and bilateral internal oblique (IO) adnominal muscles, during rapid stepping with the affected or unaffected leg in a sitting posture. Design: Cross-sectional study. Methods: In patients with chronic stroke, electrodes of surface electromyography (EMG) were attached on the bilateral erector spinae (ES), bilateral internal oblique adnominal (IO), and bilateral rectus femoris (RF) muscles. RF acts as the prime mover. The stroke patients performed hip flexion until $20^{\circ}$ as fast as possible at each leg in a sitting posture according to a visual cue. The visual cue unexpectedly appeared on monitor in front of the stroke patient. The single task was the Timed Up and Go (TUG) test. The dual tasks were the TUGconitive, which increased cognitive capacity, and the TUGmanual task, which had an external focus. Results: All EMG data showed earlier onset latency before the prime mover. In affected leg raising, the onset time of unaffected ES muscle of the stroke patients was correlated with the single and dual tasks (p<0.05). In unaffected leg raising, the onset time of the affected IO muscle was related to all the tasks (p<0.05). Gait speed showed a relationship with the unaffected ES muscle only. Conclusions: The trunk muscles of the bilateral ES and bilateral IO play an important role in APA. The single and dual tasks using TUG test were correlated with the APA s of ES and IO muscles. Dual task by the TUG test is a good measuring tool for reflecting the real life in patients with chronic stroke.

• Korean Journal of Child Studies
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.211-224
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• 1995

The grandmother role may be an important support network for dual-earner families and become more saliency among those children who are living with their grandmothers than those who are not. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the effects of family structure characteristics on children's solidarity with their grandmothers and grandmothers' effects on grandchildren's self-esteem. Questionnaire data were collected from 429 grandchildren in the fifth and sixth grades. The major findings showed that (1)Solidarity between grandmother and grandchild in dual-earner families was associated with living arrangement. (2)Children's self-esteem in dual-earner families was not related to living arrangements with their grandmother. (3)Factors predicting solidarity between grandmother and grandchild and the grandchild's self-esteem differed by living arrangement. Solidarity between grandmother and grandchild was explained by grandmother-mother relationships, health of grandmother, parent-children relationship and occupational status of father for children living with their grandmothers. For those children not living with their grandmothers, grandmother-mother relationship, the educational level of father, families' economic level, parent-child relationship and health of the grandmother were significant predictors of grandmother-grandchild solidarity. (4)The regression of predictor variables on self-esteem for children living with grandmother revealed that grandmother-grandchild solidarity was the most powerful predictor, followed by occupational status of father, the educational level of mother, economic status of the family and parent-child relationship. For those children who were not living with grandmothers, parent-child relationship, economic status of the family, grandmother-grandchild solidarity and the educational level of the mother were also significant factors in that order.

• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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• v.30 no.3
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• pp.285-305
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• 1992

The purpose of this study was to describe the current status of dual-earner families in Seoul. The specific aims of this study were to examine the dynamics of marital relationship, parent-child relationship and old mother-daughter/daughter in law relationship in the same family. The sample consised of 265 dual-earner families was selected based on wives' jobs, primarily non-professional. The information was gathered from working couples and their school-aged children. The findings of this study were as follows: 1. Sex role attitude of husbands was more traditional than their wives. Therefore, housework sharing of husbands was very low and wives' perception of inequity was high. Wives' marital satisfaction was affected by the wives' perception of inequity, joint leisure activity, sexual satisfaction, and wives' job satisfaction. Husbands' marital satisfaction was affected by sexual satisfaction, perceived difficulties and problems of the husbands caused by wives' employment, and the degree of their housework participation. 2. The emotional uneasiness of children during mothers' absence was reported. The communication about mothers' job was helpful to gain children's understanding toward mothers' job. Mothers suffered from guilty feeling of neglecting their children in spite of their good performance of mothering role. 3. The employed daughters/daughters in law perceived high rewards and low cost in relationships with their mothers/mothers in law. The perceived quality of daughter-mother relationship was higher with low cost and high rewards than that of daughter in law/mother in law. Finally practical and policy implications were suggested.

• The Transactions of The Korean Institute of Electrical Engineers
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• v.62 no.8
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• pp.1108-1114
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• 2013

This paper presents a new winding topology for MW class offshore wind generator having modular and dual 3-phase. Based on proposed simplified relationship between magnetic flux and phase current in the air gap, several new windings for modular and dual 3-phase are made. In case of one inverter operation or faulty operation, the proposed model can have balanced 3-phase induced voltage whereas the conventional generator with modular winding has unbalanced induced voltage, which can be important issue in offshore generator. The model was applied into 6MW prototype machine with dual 3-phase. Using finite element analysis, induced voltage, inductance were investigated. The results show that the proposed modular winding can be applicable to dual inverter system with electrically balanced voltage.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.14 no.7
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• pp.135-144
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• 2016

This study attempted to verify the relationship among Job Attitude, Personality and Demographic Characteristics according to Dual Commitment Type. The groups were named 'very high dual commitment group(both highly committed to the organization and union)', 'normal dual commitment group(average level of commitment to both of them)', 'resisting dual commitment group(no commitment to both of them)', 'organization commitment group(only committed to organization)', 'union commitment group(only committed to union)'. This research was analyzed by 388 Hyundai and Kia motor company members and 'very high dual commitment group' and 'organizational commitment group' showed the highest Job Satisfaction and Job Involvement. Through group segmentations considering sub-concepts could contribute to design a strategy to increase the company's competitiveness in aspects of the direction to the HR policy.

• Journal of applied mathematics & informatics
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• v.17 no.1_2_3
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• pp.401-418
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• 2005

In this paper, a dual algorithm, based on a smoothing function of Bertsekas (1982), is established for solving unconstrained minimax problems. It is proven that a sequence of points, generated by solving a sequence of unconstrained minimizers of the smoothing function with changing parameter t, converges with Q-superlinear rate to a Kuhn-Thcker point locally under some mild conditions. The relationship between the condition number of the Hessian matrix of the smoothing function and the parameter is studied, which also validates the convergence theory. Finally the numerical results are reported to show the effectiveness of this algorithm.

• Bulletin of the Korean Mathematical Society
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• v.31 no.2
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• pp.173-180
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• 1994

Let H be a separable, infinite dimensional, compled Hilbert space and let L(H) be the algebra of all bounded linear operators on H. A dual algebra is a subalgebra of L(H) that contains the identity operator $I_{H}$ and is closed in the ultraweak topology on L(H). Note that the ultraweak operator topology coincides with the wea $k^{*}$ topology on L(H)(see [3]). Bercovici-Foias-Pearcy [3] studied the problem of solving systems of simultaneous equations in the predual of a dual algebra. The theory of dual algebras has been applied to the topics of invariant subspaces, dilation theory and reflexibity (see [1],[2],[3],[5],[6]), and is deeply related with properties ( $A_{m,n}$). Jung-Lee-Lee [7] introduced n-separating sets for subalgebras and proved the relationship between n-separating sets and properties ( $A_{m,n}$). In this paper we will study the relationship between direct sum and properties ( $A_{m,n}$). In particular, using some results of [7] we obtain relationship between n-separating sets and direct sum of von Neumann algebras.ras.s.ras.

• Korea Trade Review
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• v.44 no.5
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• pp.65-92
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• 2019

The purposes of this study are to examine the impact of LMX on psychological empowerment, job engagement, and customer orientation, and to analyze the dual mediation effect of psychological empowerment and job engagement. To conduct this study, we used 333 questionnaires collected by members of domestic companies and organizations. Analyses results are as follows: First, LMX has no positive effect on customer orientation. Second, in the relationship between LMX and customer orientation, psychological empowerment and job engagement play a mediating role. Third, in the relationship between LMX and customer orientation, psychological empowerment and Job Engagement play a dual mediating role. The results of this study suggest the following implications. The theoretical implication is that this study once again confirmed behavior patterns such as cognition, emotion, attitude, and behavior of members in the organization. In addition, this study contributes to the literature by explaining that these behavior patterns by way of social exchange theory. The practical implication is that this study confirmed that members in the management field need to utilize a customer orientation in order to achieve the organization's goal efficiently and effectively.

• Journal of Institute of Control, Robotics and Systems
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• v.16 no.9
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• pp.891-897
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• 2010

This paper proposes a cooperative control algorithm for a dual-arms robot which is carrying an object to the desired location. When the dual-arms robot is carrying an object from the start to the goal point, the optimal path in terms of safety, energy, and time needs to be selected among the numerous possible paths. In order to quantify the carrying efficiency of dual-arms, DAMM (Dual Arm Manipulability Measure) has been defined and applied for the decision of the optimal path. The DAMM is defined as the intersection of the manipulability ellipsoids of the dual-arms, while the manipulability measure indicates a relationship between the joint velocity and the Cartesian velocity for each arm. The cost function for achieving the optimal path is defined as the summation of the distance to the goal and inverse of this DAMM, which aims to generate the efficient motion to the goal. It is confirmed that the optimal path planning keeps higher manipulability through the short distance path by using computer simulation. To show the effectiveness of this cooperative control algorithm experimentally, a 5-DOF dual-arm robot with distributed controllers for synchronization control has been developed and used for the experiments.