• The Transactions of the Korean Institute of Electrical Engineers D
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• v.55 no.3
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• pp.91-97
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• 2006

A major difficulty with the practical application of the multiple observer based IFDI schemes is the computational burden of the residual generation. In this paper, a new residual generator that employs function observers is proposed to reduce the computational burden, and the design methods of the IFDIS, equipped with the residual generator, are presented. The function observers employed in the residual generator can be considered as a dual of the unknown input (function) observer And it can be designed to estimate the measurement errors that are due to sensor faults. The error estimates are further processed to generate the residuals by which reliable fault detection/isolation result car be obtained. The proposed scheme is more useful, in real-time application, than any other multiple state observer based IFDISs. It can be effectively applied to fault tolerant control because the failure effects can be compensated by the use of the estimates of measurement errors. The proposed IFDI scheme is applied to an inverted pendulum control system for the IFDI of failed sensor and fault compensation.

• Journal of the Ergonomics Society of Korea
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• v.31 no.2
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• pp.379-388
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• 2012

Objective: This study developed a new shower carrier prototype to reduce caregivers' muscle burden and to increase use convenience by reflecting the needs of domestic long-term care institutions. Background: In the long-term care institutions, one of the ADL(Activities of Daily Life) factors is bathing/showering. Recently, bath/shower-assisting equipment is actively being introduced in care institutions to reduce the caregivers' care cost, but most of the domestic equipment was designed to imitate foreign products and rarely reflected the needs of care institutions. Method: Based on Korean elderly people's body information, the bed size(length: 1,900mm, width: 650mm) was set-up, and a variable headrest with a newly designed headform was developed to provide the comfort for the elderly and convenience for caregivers. To reduce caregivers' muscle burden on transferring and showering activities, a 3-step column lifting module equipped with dual actuators(lowest/highest levels from the ground: 600/1,100mm, Stroke: 500mm) was developed, and the wheelbase parameter(length: 1,250mm, width: 580mm) was defined securing the turn-over safety of the shower carrier. The drivability tests were performed for the prototype and foreign product, and the male and female subject's muscle activities were measured through the tests. Results: The structural stability of the shower carrier prototype was secured by finite element analysis, and the muscle activities of the subjects through the drivability tests largely decreased in the prototype, compared to the foreign product. Conclusion: In this study, a new shower carrier prototype was developed to possibly reduce caregivers' muscle burden and to increase use convenience based on the needs of long-term care institutions. It was expected that the drivability performance of the prototype could be relatively superior to that of the foreign product. Application: The results obtained from the study can be applied for the optimal development of a shower carrier including other equipment to effectively care for the elderly.

• Journal of Family Resource Management and Policy Review
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• v.13 no.4
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• pp.1-16
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• 2009

purpose of this study was to compare the direction of work-family balance policy with the family support of Chosun Dynasty by reviewing the literature of the period, including diaries of "Soemilok" and "Miamilki" and letters written by Yangban. The major findings drawn from the literature were as follows: The husbands in Chosen, especially as public officials, were under strong obligation to support their family like working wives in modern society. They were able to care for and support their families and maintain their careers due to flexibility in their office hours. They had dual burdens of home management and outside labor but their requests for the necessities of life were resolved promptly in public offices. From this result, it was argued that the policy for dual burden for women would benefit from a consideration for flexibility and reduction of working hours. Especially it was emphasized that the border between home and work place should be more open and the relationship of family should be supported by work-family balance policy.

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics Engineers of Korea TC
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• v.41 no.7
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• pp.81-88
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• 2004

In case of mechanical down tilting, a horizontal pattern is distorted and beam width widens whenincreasing tilt angle, which causes an expansion of hand off region and burden base station equipment. In contrast, electrical down tilting has advantage that horizontal HPBW is kept constant with down tilting. In this paper, based on a phased array technology, dual polarized base station antenna with electrical down tilting was developed at 800MHz band. The antenna has down tilting range of 0$^{\circ}$ to 14$^{\circ}$, and 15㏈i gain. We use stacked microstrip patch as a radiated element and apply balanced feed technique to improve isolation between ports and discrimination of cross polarization. The effect of electrical down tilting was verified by field test.

• Progress in Superconductivity and Cryogenics
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• v.13 no.4
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• pp.14-17
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• 2011

The evaluation of the electromechanical properties of HTS CC tapes is one of the foremost procedures to be done to ensure the applicability of superconducting wires to electric devices. A precise measurement of the stress and strain is important in deriving the mechanical properties under operating environment. Up to now, there is no standard test method yet for the electromechanical property evaluation of HTS tapes under self field and external magnetic field although there are already reports on the different devices used to evaluate these properties. Strain can be measured by adopting a strain gauge or a high resolution double extensometer. In this study, strain effect on $I_c$ in HTS CC tapes under magnetic fields was evaluated. Comparison of advantages and setback of strain measuring devices were discussed. In addition, a dual strain measurement system using both the SG and extensometer may be practical to lessen the burden in case one of the measuring devices does not work well.

• Journal of Families and Better Life
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.129-138
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• 2004

The purpose of this study is to explore a life-supportive housing alternative for single-parent family, focused on cohousing. Single-parent family is considerably increasing according to diverse social changes. In foreign countries, for instance, Scandinavian countries where dual-income households and single-parent families occupy comparatively higher proportion of the whole households, cohousing has been implemented as one of the life-supportive housing alternatives. Cohousing community has been developed aiming to reduce burden of housework, child-care and loneliness through mutual support amongst inhabitants. Opinions of single-parent families are described in this study in order to explore any possibility of development of cohousing for single-parent families for their well-being in Korea. The study was fulfilled by intensive interviews with 4 heads of single-parent families as well as inhabitants of collective housing and cohousing in Korea and foreign countries.

• Journal of Industrial Convergence
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.25-40
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• 2015

The aim of this study is to a study on the effects of fertile women on the low fertility in Korea. It is designed to research a model and established hypothesis with emphasis on major variables based on theoretical discussions. However, the result of the study is as follows. Firstly, this brought in delivery avoid phenomenon thus resulting in lower delivery phenomenon. The government should propose reasonable solutions to persuade female personal value and important elements of delivery rate at the same time. Secondly, Patriarchal stereotypes weighting household labor to female traditionally pressures working female with double burden as dual stance of work and family worsen the delivery will. Such atmosphere within a family generates female with an ability to get pregnancy to avoid marriage and delivery. Lastly, the research has pointed out the delivery support policy as most ineffective policy among government policies. To solve this problem, the government policy to recover delivery rate must be reviewed continuously and to be exercised immediately.

• The Journal of Korea Robotics Society
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.16-24
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• 2022

This paper presents a method that can reduce the computational cost of the hierarchical quadratic programming (HQP)-based robot controller. Hierarchical controllers can effectively manage articulated robots with many degrees of freedom (DoFs) to perform multiple tasks. The HQP-based controller is one of the generic hierarchical controllers that can provide a control solution guaranteeing strict task priority while handling numerous equality and inequality constraints. However, according to a large amount of computation, it can be a burden to use it for real-time control. Therefore, for practical use of the HQP, we propose a method to reduce the computational cost by decreasing the size of the decision variable. The computation time and control performance of the proposed method are evaluated by real robot experiments with a 15 DoFs dual-arm manipulator.

• The Korean Journal of Health Service Management
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• v.6 no.3
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• pp.95-106
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• 2012

This study was described and analyzed health care system in Lao Cai, Vietnam. We analyze organization and delivery of health care system, health care resources, heath care facilities, heath care finances, and health index in Lao Cai, Vietnam. Lao Cai Province is a mountainous region located on the Chinese border in North-West Vietnam, with numerous ethnic minority groups. Health care organization and delivery system in Lao Cai Province is well formed Province-District-Commune level with Vietnam Government's Socialism. However, health care personnels are concentrated in the major city and is lacking in commune level. Lao Cai province has only two general hospital and is lacking number of beds. Lao Cai province's health care sector is insufficient financial support because the primary goal of the Vietnam government is economic development. Ethnic minority groups in Lao Cai have a dual burden of disease and health. To solve this problem, it is dispatched health care personnel to the commune level taking advantage of the well health care organization and delivery system in Lao Cai. It is also necessary to modernize hospital and improve number of bed. In conclusion, it will be improved the quality of life of residents and be able to achieve fairness among district through the enhancement of the health care system in Lao Cai province.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers A
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• v.21 no.10
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• pp.1561-1570
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• 1997

This study explores the treatment of the max-value cost function over a parameter interval in parametric optimization. To avoid the computational burden of the transformation treatment using an artificial variable, a direct treatment of the original max-value cost function is proposed. It is theoretically shown that the transformation treatment results in demanding an additional equality constraint of dual variables as a part of the Kuhn-Tucker necessary conditions. Also, it is demonstrated that the usability and feasibility conditions on the search direction of the transformation treatment retard convergence rate. To investigate numerical performances of both treatments, typical optimization algorithms in ADS are employed to solve a min-max steady-state response optimization. All the algorithm tested reveal that the suggested direct treatment is more efficient and stable than the transformation treatment. Also, the better performing of the direct treatment over the transformation treatment is clearly shown by constrasting the convergence paths in the design space of the sample problem. Six min-max transient response optimization problems are also solved by using both treatments, and the comparisons of the results confirm that the performances of the direct treatment is better than those of the tranformation treatment.