• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.10 no.6
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• pp.593-598
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• 1997

The changes of tissue structure in timothy and alfalfa during ensiling process with silage additives; lactic acid bacteria, cellulase and formic acid, were observed with a video microscope. Stem samples were obtained from the second internode, and cut to divide into 2 pieces. One piece was for observation of ensiled material and the other was for silage. The latter piece was put into a nylon cloth bag, and ensiled with grass for 50 days in a small experimental silo Lignification of the plant tissues was checked by acid phloroglucinol. Natural silage fermentation resulted in some degradation of less lignified parenchyma in both plant species. However, lignified sclerenchyma and vascular bundles remained intact. The cellulase enhanced the degradation of parenchyma tissue, while the formic acid suppressed the degradation. The effect of lactobacillus was small. The percentage of remained cross sectional area of stem and the loss of NDF and ADF by silage fermentation confirmed the observation. High negative correlations were obtained between the remained area and loss of fibrous components during silage fermentation in both plants, and between the loss of fibrous components and in vitro dry matter digestibility in timothy but not in alfalfa.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.1-6
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• 1990

The objective of this experiment was to compare the effect of pH-regulated alkaline hydrogen peroxide (AHP) treatment of rice straw with those of sodium hydroxide (NaOH) and anhydrous ammonia ($NH_3$) treatments on in sacco digestivility. Three non-lactating ruminally cannulated Holstein cows were fed a diet containing 90% forage and 10% concentrate on a dry matter (DM) basis. The AHP treatment significantly (p<0.05) reduced acid detergent lignin content of the straw, resulting in significant (p<0.05) increase of neutral detergent fiber (NDF), acid detergent fiber (ADF) and cellulose concentrations. Disappearance rates of DM and NDF of the straw significantly (p<0.05) increased at the incubation time of 24 h. On the other hand, those of ADF and cellulose were significantly (p<0.05) higher at the incubation time of 12 h than those of the others. The effective degradability of DM(EDDM), NDF(EDNDF), ADF(EDADF) and cellulose (EDCE) were determined using in sacco nylon bag technique on the basis of 0.05/h solid outflow rate. The greater differences (p<0.05) of EDDM, EDNDF, EDADF and EDCE were found between AHP treated straw and the others. In general, AHP treatment of the straw recorded higher digestion coefficients than untreated straw as well as NaOH and $NH_3$ treated straws. The results of this study demonstrate that AHP treatment can be used as a effective method for improving the nutritive value of rice straw for ruminants.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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• v.34 no.3
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• pp.174-178
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• 2014

The present study was planned to analyze the nutritional quality, microbial counts and fermentative acids in Italian ryegrass (IRG) 80% and alfalfa 20% (IRG-HV) mediated silage inoculated with lactic acid bacteria (LAB) as a probiotic strain for 3 months. Crude protein (CP), acid detergent fiber (ADF), and neutral detergent fiber (NDF), total digestible nutrient (TDN) and In-vitro dry matter digestibility (IVDMD), lactic acid bacteria (LAB), yeast and fungi counts and fermentation metabolites such as lactic acid, acetic acid and butyric acids were analyzed. The result shows that the nutritional quality and metabolite profiles of silage were significantly improved with LAB. For microbial counts, LAB showed dominant followed by yeast as compared with control silage. The pH of the silage also reduced significantly when silage inoculated with LAB. The result confirmed that silage preparation using different crops with L. plantarum inoculation is most beneficial for the farmers.

• Korean Journal of Organic Agriculture
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• v.27 no.4
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• pp.529-540
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• 2019

The present study investigated the effect of forage sources and their inclusion levels in diet on the rumen fermentation of Korea traditional goat. Timothy and alfalfa were used as forage sources. Forages were mixed with concentrate diet in different ratios. The ratios of forage to concentrate diets were varied to 1:9, 5:5 and 9:1. The rumen fluid of goat was gathered from slaughter house. Dry matter digestibility was decreased and methane production was increased as forage levels in diet was increased. When forage sources, timothy and alfalfa, were compared, groups with timothy showed greater methane production than the groups of alfalfa. Molar ratio of produced acetate and valerate were increased when forage level in diet was increased. In the case of propionate and butyrate, they were decreased as elevated forage levels in diet. The result of this study provided a basic information for rumen fermentation of Korean traditional goat and these information could be applied in the development of nutritional and feeding strategy.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.17-21
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• 1991

A field experiment was carried out to determine the effects of nitrogen(N) fertilization levels(0, 30, 60, 90 and 120 kg/ha) in early spring on the growth, dry matter(DM) yield, seasonal distribution of production and nutritive value of grasses. Additional N after the first, second and third harvest were applied as 60, 60 and 30 kg/ha, equally in 1989. Grass growth and DM yield were significantly increased(p$NO_3$-N concentration was not affected by N level of early spring. It is suggested that, therefore, N application in early spring is essential, and 60 to 90 kg/ha of N application may be desirable in early spring.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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• v.35 no.3
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• pp.195-200
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• 2015

An investigation was carried out to evaluate the potential role of Lactobacillus Plantarum KCC-10 and KCC-19 on the quality and fermentation characterization of Italian ryegrass (IRG) silages. The physiochemical properties of IRG silage such as crude protein content, neutral detergent fiber, acid detergent fiber, total digestible nutrient and in vitro dry matter digestibility were not affected by KCC-10 and KCC-19. The pH of IRG silage in KCC-10 and KCC-19 treatments decreased compared to the control (p<0.05), while the lactic acid content in KCC-10 and KCC-19 treatments increased compared to the control (p<0.05). In addition, the number of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) in the KCC-10 treatment increased compared to the control (p<0.05). The number of lactic acid bacteria in KCC-19 increased, but there was no significant difference in all treatments. Therefore, we recommend L. plantarum KCC-10 and KCC-19 as potential additive candidates in IRG silage with lots of advantages.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.96-101
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• 1990

This field experiment was undertaken to find out the effect of grazing and cutting management on the forage quality and soil hardness at different legumes sown swards of the experimental field of Livestock Experiment Station in Suweon, from August 1985 to October 1988. The results obtained are as follows: 1. Crude protein, crude fat and ash contents under grazing were higher than these under cutting, but showed the reverse results in crude fiber and nitrogen free extracts contents. Average in vitro dry matter digestibility (IVDMD) under grazing (72 %) was a little higher than that under cutting (71 %). On the other hand, there was little difference among the mixtures swards in mineral contents and IVDMD. 2. The contents of Ca, P and Mg were a little high in the cutting, but K and Na contents were in gazing. Ca: P ratio in grazing (2.97) was slightly higher than that of cutting (2.94). 3. Production of energies(TDN, StE and NEL) with cutting were appeard to increase by 19.4 %, 13.5 %and 19.0 % than those of grazing, respectively. Mixtures swards including alfalfa showed more production both grazing and cutting. 4. Soil hardness in the top lOcm of soil by cattle grazing was changed from 15.5mm at startihg year to 22.6 mm after 3 years, but in cutting slightly increase from 15.5mm to 16.2mm. Generally it was low in early spring and high in autumn.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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• v.29 no.3
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• pp.227-234
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• 2009

This study was carried out to determine the effect of establishment of organic pasture by hoof cultivation with Korean black goat on productivity of grassland and properties of soil. This study was conducted from August, 2005 to September, 2008 at Cheonan, Korea. Experiment was designed composing with 4 treatment : Standard (Control, T1), Grazing after application of cattle manure (T2), Application of cattle manure after grazing (T3), Application of cattle manure at half of grazing (T4). The establishment ratio of pasture in control treatment increased significantly as compared with that of organic treatment(p<0.05). The yield of dry matter (DM) of pasture in control treatment increased significantly as compared with that of organic treatment. The contents of crude protein (CP), acid detergent fiber (ADF), neutral detergent fiber (NDF) and dry matter digestibility (DMD) of pasture were not influenced by cattle manure and grazing method. Grasses coverage ratio in grassland in second year after grassland development were higher than that of first year. The contents of organic matter (OM) and $P_2O_5$ in soil samples collected in organic treatment at the end of the experiment were higher than those of control. However, The pH, and the concentrations of CEC (Ca, Na and Mg) in soil samples collected in organic treatment were hardly influenced, as compared with those at the beginning of the experiment. This study suggests that the grasses and legumes coverage ratio in grassland can be improved by suitable pasture management.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.31 no.2
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• pp.208-217
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• 2018

Objective: Examine the effects of supplementing bahiagrass hay (BG) with potentially anthelmintic quantities of hays of perennial peanut (PEA) or sericea lespedeza (LES) or seeds of velvet bean (Mucuna pruriens L.; MUC) or papaya (PAP) on the intake and nutritive value (Experiment 1), and the performance and parasite burden (Experiment 2) of goats. Methods: In Experiment 1, 38 male goats ($27.4{\pm}5.7kg$ body weight) were randomly assigned to each of 5 treatments: i) BG alone and BG plus; ii) PEA; iii) LES; iv) MUC; and v) PAP. Goats were fed for ad libitum consumption and adapted to the diets for 14 d followed by 7 d of measurement. The PEA, LES, MUC (50%, 50%, and 10% of the diet dry matter [DM], respectively), and PAP (forced-fed at 10 g/d) were fed at rates that would elicit anthelmintic effects. In Experiment 2, goats remained in the same treatments but were allocated to 15 pens (3 pens per treatment) from d 22 to 63. All goats were infected with parasites by grazing an infected bahiagrass pasture from 0800 to 1500 h daily and then returned to the pens. Results: Dry matter intake tended to be greater in goats fed PEA and LES than those fed BG (757 and 745 vs 612 g/d, respectively). Digestibility of DM (59.5% vs 54.9%) and organic matter (60.8% vs 56.0%) were greater in goats fed MUC vs BG, respectively. In Experiment 2, feeding PAP, LES, and PEA to goats reduced nematode fecal egg counts by 72%, 52%, and 32%, reduced abomasal adult worm counts by 78%, 52%, and 42%, and decreased plasma haptoglobin concentrations by 42%, 40%, and 45% relative to feeding BG alone, respectively. Conclusion: Supplementation with PEA, LES, and PAP decreased the parasite burden of goats but did not increase their performance. PAP was the most effective anthelmintic supplement.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.65-70
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• 1986

This experiment was carried out to identify the main pathogens infected with Piper sudangrass and to evaluate the qualitative and quantitative damage of the plants infected with leaf blight (Helminthosporium turcicum PASS) under different levels of nitrogen fertilizer (20, 30 and 40 kg/10a). The experiment was design as a randomized block design with 4 replications at experimental field of Livestock Experiment Station in Suweon, 1984. The results obtained are summarized as follows: 1. The main fungi isolated from sudangrass were identified as Helminthoporium turcicum and Collectotricum graminicolum, but 1 species fungus was not identified. 2. Leaf blight was first found on June 20 and appeared extremely in the regrowth plants from July to September. The rate of attack was associated with increasing of nitrogen fertilization (P<0.01). 3. Fresh and dry matter yields were as much as 47 and 38 percentage lower in leaf blight infected plants (disease severity: V) than those of no visible infection. 4. Concentrations of crude fat and crude protein were decreased in the plants infected with Helminthosporium leaf blight, but lignin content was increased. Dry matter and organic matter digestibility of the plants were negative correlated with the infection of leaf blight(P<0.01).