• Animal Bioscience
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• 제34권2호
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• pp.223-232
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• 2021

Objective: To investigate the improvement in utilization efficiency of total mixed ration (TMR) on Tibetan plateau, TMR were ensiled with different additives. Methods: A total of 150 experimental silos were prepared in a completely randomized design to evaluate the six treatments: i) control (without additive), ii) Lactobacillus buchneri (L. buchneri), iii) acetic acid, iv) propionic acid, v) 1,2-propanediol; and vi) 1-propanol. After 90 days of ensiling, silos were opened for fermentation quality and in vitro analysis, and then subjected to an aerobic stability test for 14 days. Results: Treating with L. buchneri, acetic acid, 1,2-propanediol and 1-propanol decreased propionic acid contents and yeast number, whereas increased (p<0.05) pH, acetic acid and ethanol contents in the fermented TMR. Despite increased dry matter (DM) loss in the TMRs treated with 1,2-propanediol and 1-pronanol, additives did not affect (p>0.05) all in vitro parameters including gas production at 24 h (GP24), GP rate constant, potential GP, in vitro DM digestibility and in vitro neutral detergent fibre digestibility. All additives improved the aerobic stability of ensiled TMR to different extents. Specially, aerobic stability of the ensiled TMR were substantially improved by L. buchneri, acetic acid, 1,2-propanediol, and 1-propanol, indicated by stable pH and lactic acid content during the aerobic stability test. Conclusion: L. buchneri, acetic acid, 1,2-propanediol, and 1-propanol had no adverse effect on in vitro digestibility, while ensiling TMR with the additives produced more acetic acid and ethanol, subsequently resulting in improvement of aerobic stability. There is a potential for some fermentation boosting additives to enhance aerobic stability of fermented TMR on Tibetan plateau.

• Animal Bioscience
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• 제37권8호
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• pp.1474-1482
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• 2024

Objective: The experiment aimed to determine the standardized ileal digestibility (SID) of crude protein (CP) and amino acids (AA) in 10 brown rice samples fed to pigs, and to construct predictive models for SID of CP and AA based on the physical characteristics and chemical composition of brown rice. Methods: Twenty-two cannulated pigs (initial body weight: 42.0±1.2 kg) were assigned to a replicated 11×3 incomplete Latin square design, including an N-free diet and 10 brown rice diets. Each period included 5 d adaptation and 2 d ileal digesta collection. Chromic oxide was added at 0.3% to all the diets as an indigestible marker for calculating the ileal CP and AA digestibility. Results: The coefficients of variation of all detected indices for physical characteristics and chemical composition, except for bulk weight, dry matter (DM) and gross energy, in 10 brown rice samples were greater than 10%. The SID of CP, lysine (Lys), methionine, threonine (Thr), and tryptophan (Trp) in brown rice was 77.2% (62.6% to 85.5%), 87.5% (80.3% to 94.3%), 89.2% (78.9% to 98.9%), 55.4% (46.1% to 67.6%) and 92.5% (86.3% to 96.3%), respectively. The best prediction equations for the SID of CP, Lys, Thr, and Trp were as following, SID_CP = -664.181+8.484×DM (R² = 0.40), SID_Lys = 53.126+6.031×ether extract (EE)+0.893×thousand-kernel volume (R² = 0.66), SID_Thr = 39.916+7.843×EE (R² = 0.41), and SID_Trp = -361.588+4.891×DM+0.387×total starch (R² = 0.85). Conclusion: Overall, a great variation exists among 10 sources of brown rice, and the thousand-grain volume, DM, EE, and total starch can be used as the key predictors for SID of CP and AA.

• 한국초지조사료학회지
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• 제26권4호
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• pp.239-248
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• 2006

본 연구는 가시오갈피 지엽의 사료가치와 고품질 기능성 축산물 생산에 기초적인 자료를 얻고자 가시오갈피 지엽의 첨가 비율에 따른 흑염소의 사료 섭취량, 소화율, 질소 축적율 및 혈액성상에 미치는 영향을 조사하였다. 12두의 숫흑염소를 네 처리구로 나누어 처리구당 3두씩 완전 임의배치하여 개별대사케이지에 수용하였고, 실험기간은 21일간 지속되었다. 처리구는 대조구 및 가시오갈피 지엽을 10, 20 및 30%수준으로 첨가하여 네 처리구로 나누었다. 결과를 살펴보면, 시험사료의 화학적 조성분은 조단백질 함량이 대조구가 13.39%이었고, 가시오갈피 시험구는 첨가 비율이 증가함에 따라 조단백질 함량이 낮아졌다. ADF와 NDF 함량은 대조구가 가시오갈피 첨가구 보다 높은 경향이었고, NFC 함량은 가시오갈피 첨가구가대조구 보다 높은 경향이었다. 건물 섭취량은 시험구간 유의적 차이가 없었으나, 가소화 건물량에서는 가시오갈피를 20과 30% 첨가한 구가 다른 구에 비하여 유의하게 높게 나타났다(p<0.05). 대사체중당 건물 섭취량과 체중에 대한 건물섭취 비율은 가시오갈피 20% 첨가구가 가장 높았고, 가시오갈피 30% 첨가구가 가장 낮았다(p<0.05). 조단백질, ADF 및 NDF 소화율은 가시오갈피 첨가구가 대조구에 비해 높은 소화율을 보였고, 특히 가시오갈피 첨가 수준이 높을수록 높게 나타났다(p<0.05). 질소 축적량과 질소 축적율은 가시오갈피를 20과 30% 첨가한 구가 대조구 보다 유의하게 높게 나타났다.(p<0.05). 혈장내 요소태질소농도(PUN)는 가시오갈피 30% 첨가구에서 가장 낮았고, 혈장내 triglyceride는 가시오갈피 모든 첨가구가 대조구 보다 유의하게 낮았다(p<0.05). 이상의 결과를 종합하여 고려할 때 가시오갈피 지엽을 20% 수준으로 첨가시 소화율, 질소 축적, 혈장 내 요소태 질소 및 triglyceride 농도를 개선시켰고, 이는 흑염소의 생산성 향상에 잠재적으로 기여할 것으로 기대된다.

• 한국초지조사료학회지
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• 제28권4호
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• pp.341-350
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• 2008

본 시험은 흑염소의 효율적인 사양관리체계의 확립에 기여하기 위하여, 재래흑염소 10두(male)와 교잡흑염소(재래흑염소$\times$호주야생염소 교잡종; 50:50%) 10두(male)를 공시하여, 시판 배합사료와 조사료를 급여하는 관행사료와 TMR 사료를 각각 급여하였을 때, 흑염소의 사료섭취량, 영양소소화율, 질소축적율 및 혈액성상에 미치는 영향을 조사하였으며, 실험기간은 사료 적응기간 14일 예비기간 10일을 거친 후, 14일간의 본 실험 기간을 두어 총 38일간 실시하였다. 결과를 살펴보면 1일 두당 건물의 섭취량은 TMR을 급여한 교잡종이 가장 높았고(p<0.05), 품종간에서는 재래종 보다 교잡종지, 사료급여체계간에는 관행구보다 TMR구가 높았다(p<0.05). 일당증체량은 재래종 관행구, 재래종 TMR구, 교잡종 관행구, 교잡종 TMR구의 순으로 유의하게 높아졌다(p<0.05). 건물 소화율은 사료급여체계간에서는 TMR구가 관행구보다 유의하게 높았으며, 품종간에도 교잡종이 재래종 보다 높았다(p<0.05). 질소축적량 및 질소축적율은 교잡종 TMR구가 가장 높았고, 재래종 관행구가 가장 낮았다(p<0.05). 혈중 glucose의 함량과 PUN(plasma urea nitrogen)은 교잡종이 재래종 보다 유의하게 높았다(p<0.05). 이상의 결과를 종합하면, TMR 형태의 사료급여가 재래종 보다는 교잡종에 흑염소의 생산성과 사료섭취량, 소화율, 질소축적을 및 혈액성상에 양호한 영향을 나타내어, 효율적인 사양관리체계의 확립과 함께 흑염소 생산농가에 경제적 이득을 줄 수 있을 것으로 판단된다.

• 한국가금학회지
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• 제37권1호
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• pp.1-8
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• 2010

본 연구는 사료 중 콜로이드 은(colloidal silver) 또는 희토류 원소(rare earth elements, REE)의 첨가 급여가 육계의 생산성, 영양소 소화율, 도체성상, 골격 성분 함량 및 강도와 면역 반응에 미치는 영향을 조사한 것이다. 1일령 Ross종 육계 병아리(체중 39~40 g) 3,872수를 공시하여 무첨가 대조구, 콜로이드 은 20 ppb 첨가구, 희토류 원소 500 ppm 첨가구와 콜로이드 은 20 ppb+희토류 원소 500 ppm 혼합 첨가구의 4처리구에 4반복으로 반복당 242수씩 완전 임의 배치 급여하여 5주간 사양 시험을 실시하였다. 전체 시험 기간(5주)동안의 증체량에서는 희토류 원소를 함유한 두 처리구에서 다른 처리구보다 유의하게 높았으며(p<0.01) 사료 섭취량과 사료 효율에서는 처리구간 유의적인 차이가 나타나지 않았다. 건물 소화율과 조단백질 소화율에서는 콜로이드 은 20 ppb+희토류 원소 500 ppm 혼합 첨가구에서 가장 높게 나타났으며(p<0.05), 조지방과칼슘의소화율에서도콜로이드은20 ppb+희토류 원소 500 ppm 혼합 첨가구가 가장 높게 나타났다(p<0.05). 인의 소화율에서는 콜로이드 은 첨가구에서 다른처리구에 비해 유의적으로 높게 나타났다(p<0.05). 뼈의 강도는 처리구간에 유의적인 차이가 나타나지 않았으나, 뼈의 건물 함량은 콜로이드 은 20 ppb+희토류 원소 500 ppm 혼합 첨가구에서 다른 처리구에 비해 높게 나타났으며(p<0.05), 인의 함량은 희토류 원소 단독 급여시에 높게 나타났다(p<0.05). 도체성상과 면역 반응 조사에서는 처리구간 유의적인 차이가 나타나지 않았다. 본 연구의 결과, 희토류 원소의 단독 첨가와 콜로이드 은과 희토류 원소의 혼합 첨가는 육계의 생산성을 개선시키는 것으로 나타났다.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제9권6호
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• pp.667-670
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• 1996

Four Murrah male buffalo calves with an average body weight of $188{\pm}1.6kg$ each fitted with rumen and abomasal cannula were subjected to defaunation followed by refaunation. The animals were offered wheat straw and a concentrate mixture. There was no difference in dry matter, starch and nitrogen intake in defaunated and refaunated buffalo calves. Production of ruminal total volatile fatty acid and acetate : propionate ratio decreased (p < 0.01) whereas, molar proportion of propionate increased (25.8 Vs 19.4% p < 0.01) in defaunated animals. Fermentation of starch in rumen increased (73.9 Vs 65.8%, p < 0.01) but in small intestine decreased (20.2 Vs. 28.2%, p < 0.05) in defaunated calves. The flow of non ammonia nitrogen (NAN) to abomasum (75.1 vs 68.6 g/d, p < 0.01) and its digestion in small intestine (37,6 vs 32.5 g/d, p < 0.01) was improved due to defaunation. However, No difference in the total tract digestibility of starch and nitrogen was found in defaunated and refaunated buffalo calves.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제14권5호
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• pp.646-650
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• 2001

The effect of feeding concentrate mixture devoid of grain on the performance of crossbred dairy cows was studied. Twelve crossbred cows of first/second lactation were randomly distributed into two equal groups. The animals of group 1 were fed on a concentrate mixture containing 30% maize grain whereas, the cows of group 2 were offered a concentrate mixture where grain was completely replaced with deoiled rice bran (DORB) and molasses. Wheat straw was given ad libitum to the cows of both the groups. The feeding was continued for 112 days. The intake of dry matter, CP and TDN were similar in both the groups. Digestibility of DM, OM, EE, NDF and ADF were also comparable between the groups. The average daily fat corrected milk (FCM) yield was 7.70 kg and 7.43 kg in group 1 and 2, respectively. The chemical composition of milk (protein, fat and total solids) also remained unaffected. The animals of both the groups gained 9-10 kg body weight which indicates that both the diets were nutritionally adequate and grain can be successfully replaced with DORB and molasses from the diet to sustain about 6-7 kg FCM production.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제12권4호
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• pp.544-547
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• 1999

The object of this study was to determine the influence of monensin and virginiamycin (VM) on in vitro ruminal fermentation of rice straw or ammoniated rice straw. Rumen fluid was collected from 4 wethers fed 200 g of concentrate supplement with 400 g of untreated (U) or ammoniated (A) rice straw once daily for 28 days. Mixed ruminal microorganisms were incubated in anaerobic media that contained 20% (vol/vol) ruminal fluid and 0.3 g of either U or A rice straw. Monensin and/or VM, dissolved in ethanol, were added in centrifuge tubes at final concentrations of 0, 15, 30, 15+15 and 30+30 ppm of culture fluid. The addition of monensin and VM combination to A rice straw fermentation decreased (p<0.05) the acetate to propionate ratio, total VFA and lactate production, but increased (p<0.05) pH. Total gas production tended to be decreased by the addition of monensin plus VM. Antimicrobial agents decreased $NH_3$ N concentration and dry matter digestibility.

• 한국초지조사료학회지
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• 제20권3호
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• pp.215-220
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• 2000

This study was conducted to evaluate the dry matter yield and quality of the before and after renovation of summer depression damaged pasture, and carried out at Chungnam National University ffom 1997 to 1999. The yield of DM in first and second year of after renovation, comparing with those of before renovation(6,547kg/ha), significantly increase obtained 12,291kglha and 13,50Ikg/ha, respectively(P<0.05). In the chemical composition, CP content and DM digestibility were markedly increased comparing with those of before renovation(P<0.05), but the contents of NDF, ADF, cellulose and lignin were decreased respectively(P<0.05). In the botanical composition, weeds after renovation was markedly decreased comparing with before renovation, but increased the percentage of herbage in summer depression damaged pasture. The results from this study, It is proved that a renovation method, which was conducted by two times of reseeding and raking, was effective in recovering botanical composition of herbage, and enhancing productivity and upgrading quality in summer depression damaged pasture. (Key words : Renovation, Reseeding, Summer depression)

• 한국초지조사료학회지
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• 제15권4호
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• pp.285-290
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• 1995

This experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of wheat bran addition on the fermentative quality and dry matter digestibility(Dh4D) of rye silage. This hexbage was ensiled by the conventional methods in small glass silo of 0.82 liter with addition of wheat bran of 0%, 5%. 01%, and 15%. mpectivery.The samples of rye silage were determined the pH, lactic acid, acetic acid and butyric acid. The DMD was evaluated by pepsin-cellulase technique method. The energy values (total digestible nutrients. TDN : digestible energy, DE : metabolizable energy, ME) were calculated by DMD. The results obtained were as follows : 1. The pH and butyric acid of rye silage were reduced with increasing of wheat bran addition, but the contents of lactic acid and total acid were increased. 2. TDN, DE and ME were increased with high rate of wheat bran addition. 3. Regression equation and correlation coefficients between Flieg's score(X) and DMD(Y) of silage were Y =48.7+0.157X(r=0.917, p<0.01). 4. Regression equation and correlation coefficients between level of wheat bran(X) and Flieg's score(Y) of silage were Y= 18.3+5.56X(r=0.929, p<0.01).