• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제15권8호
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• pp.1139-1146
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• 2002

Sixty crossbred Anglo-Nubian goats (growing females), 18-24 mo of age, with a mean pre-experimental live weight of $20.9{\pm}0.44kg$ were used to investigate voluntary dry matter intake (DMI) and digestibility of supplements of Leucaena leucocephala (LL) leaves to a basal diet of guinea grass. The experiment was a 3 forms of presentation: fresh, wilted and $dry{\times}4$ levels of supplementation: 10, 20, 30 and 40% of total forage allowance with LL leaves. The goats were assigned based on weight and age to one of the twelve diets in a randomized manner and each level had five animals (replicates) per diet for 56 days. The form of presentation of LL leaves had effects on dry matter (DM) and nutrient composition. DM and NDF were higher in the dry LL leaves (p<0.05). In the diets, CP increased as the level of supplementation with LL leaves increased (p<0.05). Mean CP was similar in the fresh ($14.8{\pm}3.5%$), wilted ($14.3{\pm}3.3%$) and dry forms ($13.9{\pm}3.1%$). Neutral detergent fibre (NDF) decreased linearly (p<0.05) with increase in levels of supplementation. Organic matter (OM) followed the trend of CP concentration (p<0.05). Drying was observed to reduce the availability of CP at the different levels of supplementation and subsequently this affected the NDF of the diets. DM intake of the goats on the fresh and wilted LL leaves was significantly higher (p<0.05) than in those on the dry LL leaves. DM intake of the basal diet was observed to decrease as the level of supplementation (p<0.05) increased regardless of the form of presentation of LL. Growth rate was best (p<0.05) on the fresh form followed by wilted and the least in the dry form. Growth rate decreased linearly (p<0.05) with increase in the level of supplementation in the dry form. The form of presentation and level of supplementation influenced DM, CP and OM digestibility (p<0.05). Except for NDF, the digestibility of DM, CP and OM were better (p<0.05) in the goats on fresh LL leaves compared to the wilted and dry leaves. Based on the data on DMI, growth rate and apparent nutrient digestibility coefficients, the results suggest that LL leaves is best utilized when fed fresh or wilted to goats. In the dry form of presentation, the best level of supplementation without a reduction in voluntary DMI and growth rate is the 20%. In the fresh and wilted form, LL leaves could be fed up to the 40% level with improved DMI, growth rate and nutrient utilization.

• Journal of Plant Biology
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• 제17권3호
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• pp.118-126
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• 1974

Mulberry plants cultivated in mid-Korea were studied on the growth habitat, canopy type, productive structure and vertical light intensity in relation to the quality of mulberry leaves for sericulture. The growth in length of new branch of summer cut mulberry in spring was vigorous on the uppermost of old shoot. Numbers of leaves on a branch were barely 4 leaves on lower than 20th branch from base, but those were 13 leaves on higher than 24th branch. Area of leaves completely expanded was broad on high branch, but narrow on low one. The form of canopy, the type of productive structure and the vertical light distribution depend upon varieties of cultivated mulberry plants were classified according to characteristic of each variety in two groups, respectively; globular and columnar form in canopy, broad leaves and narrow leaves types in productive structure, and seriously obstructured the light and fairly transmitted the light into lower leaf stratum invertical light distribution. Out of varieties of mulberry investigated, Suwon No. 4 and Rosang were belong to the former characters, but Illchiroe and Kaeryangsubun were to the latters. The values of leaf dry matter index and dry matter production produced by leaves were increased in direct proportion to the height of leaf stratum; the leaf dry matter index of the uppermost leaf was twice as much that of the lowest, and the dry matter production by the highest leaf was 17 times compared with that by the lowest leaf. It is assumed that the meagre leaves occurred in the lower leaf stratum of Suwon No. 4 and Rosang were caused to diminished the dry matter index and dry matter production in the under leaves of plant, which were affected by receiving the weak light.

• The Korean Journal of Ecology
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• 제20권5호
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• pp.367-373
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• 1997

The effects of salinity on the growth and production of rice were studied at Seosan reclaimed land from July to October, 1995. The plant height, the number of living aleaves, dead leaves and total leaves, the number of the grains and the dry weight of the grains per individual, and the dry weight of above the ground in $25cm{\times}25cm$ quadrat were investigated on 5 plots whers were different salinity. The plant height, the number of living leaves and total leaves and the number of grains and the dry weight of grains per individual, and the dry weight of above the ground decreased as the salinity of water increase and the number of dead leaves of rice increased as the salinity of water decrease. The effect of salinity on the reproductive production is severer than the vegetative production. Because of the salinity, the growth and the production of the rice at Seosan reclaimed land are worse than the normal rice field.

• 한국자원식물학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국자원식물학회 2003년도 제10차 국제학술회의 및 추계정기 학술발표회
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• pp.40-42
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• 2003

In order to examine the possibility that oil seed rape could be used as a forage fodder crop and to select the most suitable variety of forage rape at the southern area of Korea, two varieties of oil seed rape currently grown for oil production and six introduced varieties of forage rape with relatively high yield and high nutritional value were grown at the same condition and yield components were observed. Forage rape was superior to oil seed rape in terms of yield components, plant fresh weight and plant dry mater weight. Velox was superior to any other variety of forage rape in these characters. When plant dry matter weight of the rape was subdivided into four components such as a main stem, branch stems, main stem leaves and branch leaves, contribution of these components to plant dry matter weight was in the order of branch stems, branch leaves, the main stem and main stem leaves. Dry matter percentage of the rape ranged from 9.32 to 11.08 percent, which was somewhat low value. There was no significant difference between two groups of the rape in terms of dry matter percentage. Velox showed somewhat higher value in dry matter percentage.

• 한국작물학회지
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• 제48권5호
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• pp.376-380
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• 2003

In order to examine the possibility that oil seed rape could be used as a forage fodder crop and to select the most suitable variety of forage rape at the southern area of Korea, two varieties of oil seed rape currently grown for oil production and six introduced varieties of forage rape with relatively high yield and high nutritional value were grown at the same condition their and yield components were observed. Forage rape was superior to oil seed rape in terms of yield components, plant fresh weight and plant dry mater weight. Velox was superior to any other variety of forage rape in these characters. When plant dry matter weight of the rape was subdivided into four components such as a main stem, branch stems, main stem leaves and branch leaves, contribution of these components to plant dry matter weight was in the order of branch stems, branch leaves, the main stem and main stem leaves. Dry matter percentage of the rape ranged from 9.32 to 11.08 percent, which was somewhat low value. There was no significant difference between two groups of the rape in terms of dry matter percentage. Velox showed somewhat higher value in dry matter percentage.

• 한국연초학회지
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• 제20권1호
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• pp.26-32
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• 1998

This study was conducted to obtain the basic information on the burley tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L.) curing methods. The effects of the three kinds of curing methods on the dry weight losses during curing, chemical contents and physical properties of cured leaves, and organoleptic and smoking qualities were observed. The dry weight losses during curing was the highest in the stalk curing, and the lowest in the conventional priming. The longer the curing periods was, the more the loss of dry weight. The percent of the excessive dried leaves was high and the price per kilogram was low in the conventional priming. The chemical contents and the physical properties of the cured leaves in the conventional priming were similar to those of yellowing or browning stage of curing. But, the chemical contents and the physical properties of the cured leaves in the stalk curing were comparable to those of the air curing. The smoking quality was the best in the stalk curing.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제23권9호
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• pp.1205-1212
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• 2010

The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effects of replacing 70% of the protein from fish meal by protein from ensiled or dry cassava leaves and sweet potato vines on the performance and carcass characters of growing F1 (Large White${\times}$Mong Cai) pigs in Central Vietnam. Twenty-five crossbred pigs (Large White${\times}$Mong Cai) with an initial weight of 19.7 kg (SD = 0.84) were allocated randomly to five treatment groups with 5 animals per group (3 males and 2 females). Pigs were kept individually in pens ($2.0{\times}0.8\;m$) and fed one of five diets over 90 days. The control diet was formulated with fish meal (FM) as the protein source while the other four diets were formulated by replacing 70% of fish meal protein by protein from ensiled cassava leaves (ECL), dry cassava leaves (DCL), dry sweet potato vines (DSPV) or ensiled sweet potato vines (ESPV). Animals were fed their diets at 4% of BW. Results showed that final BW, ADG, DMI and feed conversion ratio (FCR) among the experimental treatments were not significantly different (p>0.05). ECL or DCL and ESPV reduced feed cost per unit gain by 8-17.5% compared to the fish meal diet. There were no significant differences in carcass characters among the diets (p>0.05). Lean meat percentages and protein deposition ranged 41.5-45.8% and 40.2-52.9 g/d, respectively. Using ensiled or dry cassava leaves and sweet potato vine can replace at least 70% of the protein from fish meal (or 35% of total diet CP) without significant effects on performance and carcass traits of growing (20-65 kg) pigs. Including cassava leaves and sweet potato vines could improve feed cost and therefore has economic benefits.

• 한국약용작물학회지
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• 제20권6호
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• pp.472-478
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• 2012

This study was carried out to investigate solid-state fermentation method using cellulolytic lactic acid bacteria Lactobacillus plantarum TO-2100 in order to increase piperidine alkaloid contents in mulberry leaves. Piperidine alkaloid, one type of which include 1-deoxynojirimycin (1-DNJ), is known to inhibit ${\alpha}$-glycosidase activities. Using this strain, the optimal solid-state fermentation conditions on mulberry leaves powder were found as the following: initial moisture content, temperature and relative humidity were 20%, $30{\sim}35^{\circ}C$ and 60 ~ 70%, respectively, and the fermentation time was 72 hrs. The piperidine alkaloid contents in the fermented mulberry leaves were 2.86% on dry powder, which is 7-fold increase from that of non-fermented mulberry leaves. The 1-deoxynojirimycin contents after applying preparative thin layer chromatography were 2.02% on dry powder, which is 8 times higher than that of non-fermented mulberry leaves. ${\alpha}$-Glycosidase activities was inhibited by 65.7 ~ 84.7% with 3 ~ 5% treatments of hot-water extracts of the fermented mulberry leaves, compared to 16.2 ~ 40.2% with 3 ~ 5% treatments of hot-water extracts of non-fermented mulberry leaves. Therefore, the results suggest that solid-state fermentation method does indeed increase of piperidine alkaloid contents on mulberry leaves.

• 한국작물학회지
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• 제40권6호
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• pp.723-730
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• 1995

콩의 건물축적과 단백질전류에 대한 Source-Sink변경의 효과를 구명하기 위하여 1992년에 고려대학교 자연자원대학 실험농장에서 황금콩을 공시품종으로 착협시기(R3)에 상위 40%, 하위 60%의 엽과 협을 제거하여 건물중 및 단백질함량의 변화를 조사한 결과는 다음과 같다. 1. 상엽-하협제거처리에서 하위 엽과 경 건물중이 증가하였고, 상위 종실과 협 건물중은 감소하였다. 2. 엽의 단백질함량은 상위 엽보다 하위 엽에서 높았다. 3. 종실의 단백질함량은 상엽-하협제거와 하엽-상협제거처리에서 낮았다. 4. 상엽-하협제거처리에서 엽의 단백질함량은 가장 높았고 종실 단백질함량은 가장 낮았다. 5. 본 실험의 결과에서 콩의 단백질원은 하부에서 상부로 이동하나 생식생장기간중의 장거리 전류를 위한 엽 단백질의 재이동은 약한 것으로 나타났다.

• 한국작물학회지
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• 제38권5호
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• pp.377-382
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• 1993

콩의 생식생장기인 착협시(R3)에 상부40%와 하부 60%로 구분하여 엽제거와 협제거처리에 의한 엽과 종실의 건물중, 가용성 당, 전분, 단백질 및 기름함량에 미치는 영향을 구명하기 위하여 1992년 고려대학교 자연자원대학 덕소농장에 황금콩을 공시하여 실시한 시험결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 1. 상엽하협제거처리의 하부 엽 건물중이 가장 높았고 상부 종실 건물중은 가장 낮았다. 2. 가용성 당합량은 처리간 엽과 종실에서 차이가 없었다. 3. 전분함량은 상엽하협제거의 하부 여에서 가장 높았다. 4. 단백질함량은 하부 엽이 상부 엽보다 높았는데 종실에서는 하엽상협제거의 하부에서 가장 낮았다. 5. 기름합량은 하엽상협제거의 상부 엽과 하부 종실에서 가장 높았다. 6. 콩 생식생장기의 장거리 전류에 있어서 동화물질은 상부에서 하부로 이루어지며, 단백질원은 하부에서 상부로 일어나지만 엽에서의 재이동은 약했다.