• Journal of Plant Biology
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• v.34 no.2
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• pp.93-100
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• 1991

Walnut (Juglans regia L.) is a common cultivated and wild deciduous tree in the temperate regions of Pakistan and elsewhere. A bare or poor understorey of wild or cultivated species is frequently observed beneath and around it. Soil analysis indicated insignificant differences in nutrient status of soils taken from areas with or without walnut influence. Field investigations revealed that the height, shoot, fresh and dry weight of potato, turnip, corn and bean significantly decreased in the walnut-influenced parts of the field compared to their counter-parts in the same field but without walnut influence. Aqueous extracts from various parts, shoot litter, natural rain leachates and soil collected from beneath walnut significantly reduced the germination, early seedling growth, fresh and dry weight, and moisture contents of corn, turnip and bean in various laboratory experiments. Ferulic, p-coumaric, caffeic, vanillic, jJ-hydroxybenzoic, chlorogenic and gallic acid were identified as the possible allelopathic substances in the aquous extracts and rain leachates of the walnut tree. The findings suggest that the observed poor growth of crops is due to allelopathic effects of walnut.walnut.

• Journal of Bio-Environment Control
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.217-224
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• 2006

Objective of this research was to determine the effect of application rate of dolomite in root media containing micronutrient mixes on growth of marigold 'Orange boy' in plug trays. To achieve this, three granular micronutrient mixes such as HF 1, MF 2, and MF 3 were produced and incorporated into three root media, peatmoss+composted pine bark (1:1, v/v, PB), peatmoss+composted rice-hull (1:1, v/v, PR), and peatmoss+composted saw-dust (1:1, v/v, PS), with a rate of $0.3g{\cdot}L^{-1}$. Elevated application rate of dolomite in PB medium containing MF 1 decreased crop growth at 35 days after sowing with the highest fresh and dry weight in the control treatment of dolomite. The treatments of 3.0 and $6.0g{\cdot}L^{-1}$ of dolomite in PB medium containing MF 2 produced 0.133g of dry weight and 0.686g of fresh weight, respectively, which were the highest among treatments of dolomite. But the treatments of 3.0 and $6.0g{\cdot}L^{-1}$ of dolomite in PB medium containing MF 3 produced the highest fresh and dry weight, respectively. Elevated application rate of dolomite in PR medium containing MF 1, 2, and 3 resulted in decrease of fresh an dry weight. The relative growth suppression induced by elevated application rate of dolomite was more severe when MF 3 were incorporated than MF 1 and 2. The treatments of 3.0 and $6.0g{\cdot}L^{-1}$ of dolomite in PS medium containing MF 1 and 3 showed good growth, but elevated application rate of dolomite in PS medium containing MF 2 and control resulted in increase of dry and fresh weight. These results indicated that the application rate of dolomite should be adjusted by kinds of root media and micronutrient mixes.

• Proceedings of the Ginseng society Conference
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• 1980.09a
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• pp.39-47
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• 1980

The harvesting and export of Canadian ginseng from the cool, shady hardwood forests of southern Canada can be traced to 1796. Because of its high dollar value and diminishing woodland supplies it was decided in 1896 that it should be cultivated under wood lath screens. Present day economics dictate changes in production techniques to allow for a decreasing supply of expensive labour. Traditional wooden lath screens have a surface area of wood of 70 per cent and permit light penetration of only about 18 per cent. Experimental woven black polypropylene shade has an estimated surface area of 72 per cent and permits light pentration of about 28 per cent. While differences in air and leaf temperatures under the two shade structures can be measured it is doubtful if these are great enough to cause differences in plant growth under the two structures. Shade grown ginseng had a low fresh and dry weight and total chlorophyll content (ratio of a to b was 3 to 1) comparable to other shade species. There was no differences in fresh and dry weight and chlorophyll content of leaves from plants grown under the two shade structures. Maximum net photosynthesis of leaves was 0.175 g $CO_2\;m^{-2}\;hr^{-1}$ and light saturation level was about $200{\mu}E\;m^{-2}\;s^{-1},$ or about 10 per cent of full sunlight.

• Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy
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• v.27 no.4
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• pp.359-365
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• 1996

In order to product the saikosaponin which is one of the secondary product from Bupleurum falcatum efficiently through the tissue culture, several levels of agar and gellan gum as the gelling agent, 2,4-D as the growth regulator, and L-phenylalanine as the precursor were used with single or combination treatment on MS basal medium. Gellan gum was more effective than agar as the gelling agent in fresh and dry weight increase of callus induced from Bupleurum falcatum leaf segment. Gellan gum medium supplemented with L-phenylalanine produced 1.6 times of fresh weight more than that of agar. The fresh weight was remarkably high in gellan gum when the calli was treated with the combination of 2,4-D and L-phenylalanine similar to the single treatment of 2,4-D or L-phenylalanine. However, the saikosaponin content in callus was high in gellan gum with the single treatment of L-phenylalanine. Especially, the saikosaponin content in gellan gum supplemented with 1.0mg/L L-phenylalanine was 2 times(2.4 mg/g) higher than that in agar medium supplemented with 0.1 mg/L 2,4-D(0.9 mg/g).

• Korean Journal of Medicinal Crop Science
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• v.12 no.6
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• pp.442-447
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• 2004

Cell growth and gomisin J production by suspension cultures of Schisandra chinensis Baillon were investigated under various culture media, initial sucrose concentrations, shaking speeds, and inoculum sizes. Callus was induced from in vitro cultivated leaf segments on MS medium supplemented with $1\;mg/{\ell}$ NAA. The maximum dry cell weight of 2.23 g was obtained at inoculum size of 0.5 g fresh cell weight and in MB5 medium supplemented with $1\;mg/{\ell}$ NAA, 3% sucrose after 8 weeks. The production of gomisin J in suspension cell cultures was maximized in WPM medium containing 5% sucrose. The shaking speed for maintaining maximal cell dry weight was 100 rpm while the best shaking speed for gomisin J accumulation was 140 rpm.

• Korean Journal of Medicinal Crop Science
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• v.11 no.3
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• pp.186-189
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• 2003

This experiment was conducted to evaluate the contents of allylisothiocyanate and the change of hardness of the rhizome part of Wasabia japonica Matsum. by months after planting in water cultivation. No difference was found in plant height and leaf length at 10th and 15th months after planting, respectively. The rhizome part of wasabi was cut half and the dry weight was weighed. Dry weight was obtained as 17.3% and 21.6% from fresh lower and upper part of rhizome at 10th month after planting. At 15th month after planting, dry weight was obtained as 21.2% and 22.3% from fresh lower and upper part of rhizome. The contents of allylisothiocyanate were 0.047 mg/g and 0.633 mg/g at 10th and 15th month, respectively.

• Journal of Bio-Environment Control
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.8-20
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• 2006

This research was conducted to determine the plant growth and nutrient contents of potted chrysanthemum 'Lima Honey' as influenced by application rate of dolomite in three root media, peatmoss+vermiculite (1:1, v/v), peatmoss+composted rice hall (1:1, v/v), and peatmoss+composted pine bark (1:1, v/v). All root media contained polyacrylic acid sodium salt (PASS) at a rate of $4.5g L^{-1}$. In crop growth at 40 and 80 days after transplanting, elevated application rates of dolomite up to $6.0g L^{-1}$ in three root media increased fresh and dry weights per plant. But the treatment of $9.0g L^{-1}$ had less fresh and dry weights than those of $6.0g L^{-1}$. Tissue phosphorus content decreased and those of Ca and Mg increased by the elevated application rates of dolomite. Elevated application rates of dolomite in three root media resulted in the increase of pH, EC, and the concentrations of K, Ca, and Mg at 43 days after transplanting. Those at 80 days after transplanting were also increased, but the differences among treatments were less significant as compared to those at 43 days after transplanting. From the results of dry weight in potted chrysanthemum 'Lima Honey', the proper application rate of dolomite to three root media containing PASS at a rate of $4.5g L^{-1}$ were $6.0g L^{-1}$.

• Horticultural Science & Technology
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• v.28 no.5
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• pp.777-782
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• 2010

This research tested five modified Hoagland solutions for proper fertility management of nitrogen in 'Seolhyang' strawberry cultivations. The changes of nutrient solutions were in total nitrogen concentrations ($meq{\cdot}L^{-1}$) such as 0 (${NO^-}_3$), 2.5 (${NO_3}^-$), 5 (${NO_3}^-$), 10 ($7.5{NO_3}^-$ + $2.5{NH_4}^+$) and 15 ($10{NO_3}^-$ + $5{NH_4}^+$). The fresh weight and $NO_3$-N concentrations in petiole sap responded to the elevated nitrogen concentrations in fertilizer solution in quadratic (y=7.10+2.668x-$0.115x^2$, $R^2=0.7983^{***}$) and linear (y=26.14+5.245x, $R^2=0.6083^{***}$), respectively. The dry weight and N content of the above ground plant tissue responded to the elevated nitrogen in quadratic (y=2.140+0.492x-$0.022x^2$, $R^2=0.6110^{***}$) and linear (y=0.569+0.033x, $R^2=0.6952^{***}$), respectively. In our experiment the solution with $5meq{\cdot}L^{-1}$ of ${NO_3}^-$ showed positive results in both dry and fresh weight productions. However, a future research about modification of this solution and growth and nutrient uptake response is necessary to achieve better growth of 'Seolhyang' strawberry.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.76 no.3
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• pp.218-229
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• 1987

This study was carried out to investigate all the parts' weight growth under the different light intensity and root-cutting. As results : ${\cdot}$ Fresh and dry weight of leaf, shoot, root and seedling treated under 63% R.L.I showed the largest growth. ${\cdot}$ The largest growth in fresh and dry weight of shoot arid seedling appeared at 1/4 root cutting plot. ${\cdot}$ The value of T/R ratio was increased in low light intensity and high root-cutting. ${\cdot}$ The simple nonlinear relationship between light intensity, root-cutting and T/R ratio was recognized, respectively.

• Journal of Bio-Environment Control
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.106-110
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• 2016

In this study, a planting density-growth-harvest (PGH) chart was developed to easily read the growth and harvest factors such as crop growth rate, relative growth rate, shoot fresh weight, shoot dry weight, harvesting time, marketable rate, and marketable yield of common ice plant (Mesembryanthemum crystallinum L.). The plants were grown in a nutrient film technique (NFT) system in a closed-type plant factory using fluorescent lamps with three-band radiation under a light intensity of $140{\mu}mol{\cdot}m^{-2}{\cdot}s^{-1}$ and a photoperiod of 12 h. Growth and yield were analyzed under four planting densities ($15{\times}10cm$, $15{\times}15cm$, $15{\times}20cm$, and $15{\times}25cm$). Shoot fresh and dry weights per plant increased at a higher planting density until reached an upper limit and yield per area was also same tendency. Crop growth rate, relative growth rate and lost time were described using quadratic equation. A linear relationship between shoot dry weight and fresh weights was observed. PGH chart was constructed based on the growth data and making equations. For instance, with within row spacing (= 20 cm) and fresh weight per plant at harvest (= 100 g), we can estimate all the growth and harvest factors of common ice plant. The planting density, crop growth rate, relative growth rate, lost time, shoot dry weight per plant, harvesting time, and yield were $33plants/m^2$, $20g{\cdot}m^{-2}{\cdot}d^{-1}$, $0.27g{\cdot}g^{-1}{\cdot}d^{-1}$, 22 days, 2.5 g/plant, 26 days after transplanting, and $3.2kg{\cdot}m^{-2}$, respectively. With this chart, we could easily obtain the growth factors such as planting density, crop growth rate, relative growth rate, lost time and the harvest factors such as shoot fresh and dry weights, harvesting time, marketable rate, and marketable yield with at least two parameters, for instance, planting distance and one of harvest factors of plant. PGH charts will be useful tools to estimate the growth and yield of crops and to practical design of a closed-type plant production system.