• Korean Journal of Medicinal Crop Science
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• v.10 no.5
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• pp.317-326
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• 2002

This study was conducted to determine the optimum planting dates and density of one year old Bupleurum falcatum L. to improve its productivity and quality. Two cultivars of B. falcatum, originated from Jeongseon, Korea and Mishima, Japan were used. Some of the results obtained are as follows : Jeongseon cultivar showed less stem branches and shoot weight compared to Mishima. However, Jeongseon cultivar showed tall plant height, high root fresh and dry weight, and high levels of saikosaponin, but low saikosaponin content than that of Mishima. Both cultivars seeded on March 20 had long main root, big stem diameter, few stem branch, and high saikosaponin c content compared to those of late seeded one, April 30. Growth characteristics such as plant height, stem diameter, stem branch number, shoot weight, root diameter, root fresh and dry weight, and root branch number were increased in a low planting $density(30\;{\times}\;15cm)$, but the content of saikosaponin was not affected by planting density. Jeongseon and Mishima cultivars seeded on April 10 with $30\;{\times}\;15cm$ planting density and April 30 with $30\;{\times}\;10cm$ planting density contained the highest total saikosaponin levels, respectively. However, average root dry weight were not affected by planting time or density in both Bupleurum cultivars.

• Journal of Bio-Environment Control
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.74-79
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• 1995

This study was made to investigate the effects of soil moisture content according to irrigation methods on the storability and quality of cucumber. The fresh weight loss of cucumber fruit harvested in drip irrigation plot was more than that in conventional irrigation plot at both 13$^{\circ}C$ and 24$^{\circ}C$ storage temperature. Dry weight ratio decreased during storage, and was higher in conventional irrigation plot than drip irrigation plot both 13$^{\circ}C$ and 241 storage. The decrease of dry weight ratio was higher at 24$^{\circ}C$ than 13$^{\circ}C$. Vitamin C was not influenced by soil moisture content, but decreased during storage at 13$^{\circ}C$ and 24$^{\circ}C$ The decrease of vitamin C at 24$^{\circ}C$ in 8 days after storage was twice as much at 13$^{\circ}C$. Firmness was measured differently in two parts of cucumber ; fruit stalk and blossom part. The firmness of fruit stalk part was higher than that of blossom part. This phenomena was observed continuously at until final day at 13$^{\circ}C$ and 24$^{\circ}C$ storage. But the difference of firmness was not showed in soil moisture content. Vitamin C, firmness and other quality characteristics were not influenced by soil moisture content during cultivation. The different soil moisture content according to irrigation methods did not affect the storability and quality of cucumber.

• Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy
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• v.27 no.4
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• pp.354-358
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• 1996

This experiment was conducted to find out the effects of L-phenylalanine on the saikosaponin content of callus induced from Bupleurum falcatum leaf segments. In the fresh and dry weight of callus, the addition of 2,4-D than L-phenylalanine was significantly effective. However, the L-phenylalanine treatment rather than 2,4-D was effective for high saikosaponin accumulation in the callus of Bupleurum falcatum.

• Korean Journal of Medicinal Crop Science
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• v.20 no.6
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• pp.415-420
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• 2012

In order to evaluate the effect of seed weight on different aspect of safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.) seed germination and growth characteristics. Quantity of sinapine leaked from seed was greater as the viability of seeds was dropped by the time elapsed of seed aging model and long storage condition in safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.). The cultivar of safflower was Jin-Sun and the seeds that are separated to three different weights of small, middle, and large were used in this experiment. Large seeds revealed the highest germination percent, coleoptiles fresh weight, coleoptiles dry weight, radicle fresh weight and 1000 seed weights than other seed weight. Seed weight had little effect on yield while seed number exerted a positive influence. Interestingly, yield per plant and its major components, number of capsules and capsule weights, revealed a negligible relationship with oil content.

• Journal of Bio-Environment Control
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.196-203
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• 2006

Objective of this research was to determine the effect of application level of fused superphosphate (FSPP) in root media containing granular micronutrient fertilizers (MF) on growth of marigold 'Orange boy' in plug culture. To achieve this, three granular micronutrient mixes such as MF 1, MF 2, and MF 3 were produced and incorporated into three root media, peatmoss+composted pine bark (1:1, v/v, PB), peatmoss+composted rice-hull (1:1, v/v, PR), and peatmoss+composted saw-dust (1:1, v/v, PS), at a rate of $0.3g{\cdot}L^{-1}$. Elevated application level of FSPP in PS medium containing each of MF resulted in increase of plant growth such as plant height, plant width, stem diameter, fresh weight and dry weight at 35days after sowing. The dry weight in the treatment of MF 1, MF 2, MF 3, and control fertilized with $9.0g{\cdot}L^{-1}$ of FSPP were 0.066g, 0.103g, 0.077g, and 0.095g per plant, respectively. These results indicated that each of MF affected marigold plug seedlings differently. The application level of FSPP resulted in the heaviest fresh and dry weight in PR medium were $9.0g{\cdot}L^{-1}$ in MF 1, $3.0g{\cdot}L^{-1}$ in MF 2, $9.0g{\cdot}L^{-1}$ in MF 3, and $6.0g{\cdot}L^{-1}$ in control. Elevated application level of FSPP in PB medium containing each of the micronutrient mix increased fresh and dry weight. The general trends in response of plant growth to elevated FSPP were linear and quadratic. The dry weight in the treatment of MF 1, MF 2, MF 3, and control fertilized with $9.0g{\cdot}L^{-1}$ of FSPP in PB medium were 0.131g, 0.104g, 0.137g, and 0.111g per plant at 35days after sowing. These results indicated that MF 1 and MF 3 performed better than MF 2 and control treatments in growth of marigold plug seedlings.

• Journal of Bio-Environment Control
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• v.16 no.4
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• pp.388-394
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• 2007

To product the edible fresh shoots of Sedum sarmentosum in summer season, 4 local strains were cultivated with cutting propagation under 0, 30, 50, 70, 90% shading. Effect of shading on shoot growth, leaf chroma value, SPAD value, and bitterness were investigated at 35 days after cutting. Plant height, the number of node and leaf stem diameter in $30{\sim}90%$ shading were increased than in the control, and Pohang local strain had little-overgrowth shoot, thicker stem, a few brenches per shoot, and larger leaf compared to the other local strains. Fresh and dry weight under shading were increased than in the control, dry weight of pohang local strain was highest in 50% shading. Hunter L and b values were decreased out of proportion to higher shading rate. SPAD value in $50{\sim}90%$ shading was significantly lower than in the control. The bitterness of fresh shoot was decreased out of proportion to higher shading rate. In Summer season, producing the fresh shoot of S. sarmentosum was excellent in 50% shading, and Pohang local strain among 4 local strains was more stable and good in yield and quality under shading.

• Ocean and Polar Research
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.31-40
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• 2003

In August-September 2001, 15 samples of bottom sediments were collected in the inner, middle and open parts of Amursky Bay near Vladivostok, Russia, and barfin plaice Pleuronectes pinnifasciatus was sampled from the inner and the middle locations of the bay. In the sediments from all three sites elevated concentrations of several heavy metals, i.e. Zn ($102-115{\mu}/g$ dry weight), Ni $(70-73{\mu}g/g)$ and Cu $(27-35{\mu}g/g)$ were discovered. The contents of oil hydrocarbons were very close to or slightly higher than the maximal normal environmental background level, $100{\mu}g/g$ dry weight. The sediments contained negligible amounts of hexachlorocyclohexane, while DDT concentrations were quite high (1.7-16.3ng/g dry weight). Generally, there were no substantial differences in the pollution levels of the locations studied and our results resembled those reported for Amursky Bay in the 1990s. Surprisingly, in 2001 'fiesh' DDT comprised 70-85% of the total DDT content in sediment from all the locations studied. In fish liver total DDTs concentrations were 212.8 and 122.54 ng/g wet weight for the inner and the middle locations, respectively, and 'fresh' DDT comprised 35 and 64% of DDTs, respectively. These results provide evidence of recent input of DDT from an unknown source into the ecosystem of Amursky Bay. Histopathological changes revealed in the plaice liver (vacuolization of hepatocytes, coagulative necrosis of hepatocytes, inflammatory reaction, and necrosis of epithelial cells of bile ducts) are probably connected with an intensive metabolism of DDT in the fish organism. No histological and histomorphometric differences were found in the state of the interrenal tissue. Similar condition of the liver and the interrenal tissue in barfin plaice sampled from the inner and the middle locations of Amursky Bay may be explained by the absence of great differences in the pollution levels of these sites.

• Mycobiology
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• v.39 no.1
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• pp.7-11
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• 2011

Shimizuomyces paradoxus showed no inhibitory effect against plant pathogen fungi, such as Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici and Alternaria solani. The S. paradoxus culture filtrate showed higher seed germination and seedling growth rates in canola than distilled water and potato-dextrose broth. A conidial suspension of $1.0{\times}10^4/mL$ resulted in the highest growth stimulating effects on total plant length, and fresh and dry weight of shoots and roots in cucumber, when compared to the highest suspension concentration. Total plant length and shoot weight increased with the foliar spray treatment, and root length and root weight increased by simultaneous treatments of soil drenching and foliar spray in cucumber. Lower concentrations of the S. paradoxus conidial suspension increased the harvest of tomato fruit.

• Journal of Bio-Environment Control
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• v.27 no.4
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• pp.381-390
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• 2018

This study was conducted to examine the growth characteristics of seedlings of several major fruit vegetables and compare them between plants grown with the conventional plug seedling system (Plug) and those grown with the cylindrical paper pot system (CPP). There were no significant differences in shoot growth characteristics, such as plant height, leaf area, dry weight, and fresh weight, between tomato, cucumber, and watermelon plants grown with the CPP and Plug systems. The total root lengths of tomato and cucumber plants grown with Plug were longer than those grown with CPP at the beginning of seedling growth, and the total root lengths of watermelon grown with Plug were longer than those grown with CPP throughout the whole seedling period. The length of root that separated five steps according to the diameter of the root of tomato did not differ between CPP and Plug, but those of cucumber and watermelon were 20-251% longer with Plug than with CPP for all kinds of roots. The fresh weight of Plug-grown tomato roots was about 30% heavier than that of CPP-grown tomato during the seedling period, but the difference decreased as growth progressed. Finally, there was no difference between plants before and after transplanting. The fresh weights of the Plug-grown plants were about 20-30% heavier than those of CPP-grown ones in terms of the whole seedling. After transplanting to the Wagner pot, the shoot growth of Plug-grown watermelon plants in terms of dry weight was low until 7 days had passed. However, this tendency was reversed from 8 days after transplantation onward. In conclusion, there were no significance differences in the growth of shoots between plants grown with the CPP and Plug systems. However, root development was better with Plug than with CPP.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.179-186
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• 1998

This experiment was conducted to study on forage utility of Diplachne fusca L. which live in reclaimed saline land of midwest region of Korea The secondary experiment was conducted to know on growth characteristics, forage yield and forage value of Diplachne fusca L. in order to get a necessary data on possible utilization of native plant as a forage crop and practical use of reclaimed saline land. The results obtained are summarized as follows; 1. The growth of Diplachne fusca L. was neary finished at heading stage. So plant height, leaf length, leaf width, stem diameter, tillering number, fresh weight and dry weight per plant were 137.5cm, 42.6cm, 4.65mm, 2.48mm, 15.3 tiller, 44.68 and 15.3g respectively. 2. Fresh weight was the highest with 4,460kg/10a at heading stage, dry weight was 1,530kg/10a at heading stage and 1,630kg/10a at 20 day after heading. The fresh weight was significantly difference between cutting height level according to cutting time, but total fresh weight was not significantly difference between cutting height level. Total dry weight was significantly difference between cutting height, so it was a large yield at cutting height of 10cm. 3. The contents of crude protein, available protein, digestible protein and TDN were the range of 12.3~3.7%, 12.3~3.7% 10.8~3.6% and 65.2~60.7% according to growth stage, respectively. The highest yield of crude protein, available protein, and digestible protein were showed at heading stage, that of TDN showed at 20 day after heading. The contents of ADF and NDF were the range of 36.4~50.0% and 62.7-80.5% according to growth stage. 4. The contents of P, Ca, K and Mg were the range of 0.31~0.20, 0.70~0.52, 1.74~1.28 and 0.19~0.18% according to growth stage, respectively. The highest yield of P, Ca and K was showed at heading stage, that of Mg showed at 20 day after heading. 5. The contents of ENE, NEL, NEM and NEG were the range of 1.42~1.29, 0.68~0.62, 0.68~0.61 and 0.40~0.35 McaVlb according to growth stage, respectively. The highest yield of ENE, NEL, NEM and NEG was showed at 20 day after heading by inuease after heading. 6. The grasseating ratio of Diplachne fusca L. of before and after heading by milk cattle was 96.5% and 95.3%, respectively.