• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers B
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• v.27 no.8
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• pp.1191-1199
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• 2003

This paper describes to observe the combustion process of only one droplet cluster. In this study, liquid fuel was atomized by ultrasonic wave to form an acoustically levitated droplet cluster. In order to elucidate the detailed structure of burning process of the droplet cluster, laser tomography method was applied. Time-series planar images of fuel droplets were processed and diameter of the each droplet was calculated based on the Mie-scattering theory. Using these data, the modified droplet group combustion number was estimated in time-series. As the result, when the internal droplet group combustion occur, the modified group combustion number dose not decrease monotonically, but show a tow-staged decreasing process. In all case of combustion process, combustion reactions were measured two types that combustion speed was fast and slow. It was casued by difference of concentration degree and droplet size distribution.

• 한국연소학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2005.10a
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• pp.110-119
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• 2005

The combustion characteristics of binary component single droplets hanging at the tip of a quartz fiber are studied experimentally at different environmental pressures and temperatures under normal gravity. Normal Heptane and Normal Hexadecane are selected as two fuels with high difference in boiling temperatures. A falling electrical furnace in a high pressure vessel has provided high temperature environment. Nitrogen and air have formed the environment to study evaporation and combustion, respectively. The initial diameter of droplet was ranging from 1.1 to 1.3 mm. The evaporation and combustion processes were recorded by a high speed digital camera. Some characteristics of droplet burning under different environment conditions and different droplet composition have been investigated. Microexplosion of droplet take places under atmospheric pressure. Bubble formation and its consequent result, incomplete droplet disintegration which presents in all binary compositions, do not appear at high pressure. The initiation of combustion, always takes place in the bottom of droplet due to buoyancy effect of relatively cold fuel vapor. Also, the burning of binary droplet produces soot when the pressure is high.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers B
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• v.26 no.10
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• pp.1355-1363
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• 2002

An experimental study was conducted to investigate the interaction phenomena of droplet array combustion in ambient environment. The droplet with 1 mm in diameter was supported from an optical fiber and ignited with a hot wire. Combustion lifetimes and burning rate constants were measured for fuel of nheptane according to parameters, which were junction and suspender spacings, and array configuration. Results show that the burning process considerably depends on the initial away configuration. The d$^2$-law is found to be correct when applied to both of the droplets in away and the single droplet. For separation distance of about 5mm, there exists a critical state. So the transition from a merged flame to separated flames occurs and burning velocity is much faster than before. Combustion lifetime of the lower droplet is shorter than that of the upper droplet in the two-dimensional arrays combustion. Burning rate constants of the droplets in arrays are smaller than that of the single droplet, while they become higher as separation distance increases. Combustion lifetimes of the droplets in arrays are longer than that of the single droplet and decrease as separation distance increase. It is concluded that the array configuration and the mergedness of the flame are the most important factors governing multi-droplet combustion.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Automotive Engineers
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• v.12 no.6
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• pp.119-126
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• 2004

In order to elucidate the modes of double-droplet combustion speed in premixed spray flame, the difference between flame propagation speed and droplet cluster disappearance speed are experimentally investigated using a premixed spray burner system, It was confirmed that flame speed concerned with premixed-mode combustion in the spray flame was approximately 2.0 m/s in average while mean disappearance speed of droplet clusters, which were dominated by diffusion-mode combustion in downstream of the flame, was evaluated as much as 0.45 m/s. It was clarified that both characteristics of premixed-mode and diffusion-mode combustion in spray flames are of much difference in nature, even though both speed, which are supposed to depend on local properties of the spray itself and flow conditions surrounding droplet clusters, are scattered in experiments.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Combustion
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.17-26
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• 1999

Vaporization, ignition and combustion of fuel droplets in tandem array are theoretically investigated to understand the droplet interactions in combustors. Including the effects of density variation in gas-phase, internal circulation and transient liquid heating, a numerical studies are performed by changing parameters such as initial droplet temperatures, initial droplet spacings, initial Reynolds numbers, surrounding gas temperatures, and activation energies of fuel vapors. Combustion regime maps classify the droplet combustion phenomena according to the configuration and location of the flame with respect to injection Reynolds numbers and surrounding gas temperatures. In addition, it is shown that the dynamic histories of droplets and ignition delay times are dependent on droplet size ratios and initial spacings of tandem droplets.

• Journal of ILASS-Korea
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.94-99
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• 2013

The spherically-symmetric burning of an isolated droplet is a dynamic problem that involves the coupling of chemical reactions and multi-phase flow with phase change. For the improved understanding of these phenomena, this paper presents the numerical results on the n-heptane droplet combustion conducted at a 1 atm ambient pressure in three different initial droplet diameter ($d_0$). The main purpose of this study is to provide basic information of droplet burning, extinction and flame behavior of n-heptane and improve the ability of theoretical prediction of these phenomena. To achieve these, the numerical analysis was conducted in terms of normalized droplet diameter ($d/d_0$), flame diameter ($d_f$) and flame standoff ratio (FSR) under the assumptions that the droplet combustion can be described by both the quasi-steady behavior for the region between the droplet surface and the flame interface and the transient behavior for the region between the flame interface and ambient surrounding.

• Journal of Mechanical Science and Technology
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• v.16 no.6
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• pp.851-860
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• 2002

In this study, it was attempted to obtain the fundamental data for the formation and oxidation of soot from a diesel engine. Combustion of spray injected into a cylinder is complex phenomenon having physical and chemical processes, and these processes affect each other. There are many factors in the mechanism of the formation and oxidization of soot and it is necessary to observe spray combustion microscopically. In order to observe with that view, free fuel droplet array was used as an experimental object and the droplet array was injected into an atmospheric combustion chamber with high temperature. Ambient temperature of the combustion chamber, interdroplet spacing, and droplet diameter were selected as parameters, which affect the formation and oxidation of soot. In this study, it was found that the parameters also affect ignition delay of droplet. The ambient temperature especially affected the ignition delay of droplet as well as the flame temperature after self-ignition. As the interdroplet spacing that means the local equivalence ratio in a combustion chamber was narrow, formation of soot was increased. As diameter of droplet was large, surface area of the droplet was also broad, and hence evaporation of the droplet was more active than that of a droplet with relative small diameter.

• Journal of ILASS-Korea
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.109-114
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• 2014

The main purpose of this study is to provide basic information of droplet burning, extinction process and flame behavior of methanol fuel and improve the ability of theoretical prediction of these phenomena. For the improved understanding of these phenomena, this paper presents the experimental results on the methanol droplet combustion conducted under various initial droplet diameters ($d_0$), ambient pressure ($P_{amb}$), and oxygen concentration ($O_2$) conditions. To achieve this, the experimental study was conducted in terms of burning rate (K) with normalized droplet diameter ($d/d_0$), flame diameter ($d_f$) and flame standoff ratio (FSR) under the assumptions that the droplet combustion can be described by both the quasi-steady behavior for the region between the droplet surface and the flame interface and the transient behavior for the region between the flame interface and ambient surrounding.

• 한국연소학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2001.11a
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• pp.63-71
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• 2001

The objective of this work is to elucidate the details of two key factors dominating the droplet buring behavior in sprays : droplet-droplet interaction and convective flow. The combustion of a one-dimensional linear droplet array with a convective flow has been studied. A one-step, second order model was employed to simulate the chemical reaction in the combustion process. Results for droplet arrays burning at two Reynolds numbers, 50 and 100, two horizontal droplet spacings, 5 and 11 radii, and two vertical droplet spacing, 2 and 4 radii, were obtained. The results indicate the droplet burning behavior is affected by Reynolds number, droplet-droplet spacing, and the relative location of droplets in the array. Droplet-droplet interaction was found to be strong for arrays with smaller droplet spacing.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Automotive Engineers
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.49-56
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• 2006

The single droplet combustion characteristics of multicomponent fuel such as diesel-oxygenate and diesel-paraffin blends under high ambient temperature and atmospheric pressure were investigated in the study. The results of the study may be concluded as follows : In the combustion of diesel fuel droplet with additive of oxygenate and paraffin, the dimensionless droplet size of $(D/D_o)^2$ was linearly decreased with time. A fuel droplet with low boiling temperature additives and in high boiling temperature diesel fuel evaporates and burns faster than usual diesel fuel. This rapid burning may result from so-called "micro-explosion" and its burning intensity varies with the types of additives. The results above may suggest that rapid evaporation of oxygenate additive in the middle stage of combustion can contribute much to combustion improvement of blended fuels. When compared to ordinary diesel fuel, neat oxygenate and paraffin fuels show blue flame during entire combustion which prove smokeless combustion.