• 복식문화연구
• /
• 제10권5호
• /
• pp.578-589
• /
• 2002

The purpose of this research was to analyze the residual water retention and to determine the number and species of microorganisms from the wet cotton fabrics in dehydration and drying process during washing. The drying rates of terrycloth and interlock knit under the rainy seasons were measured according to the dehydration and hanging methods, layers of fabric and pre-treatment agents. Microorganisms were isolated from the dried terrycloth by pure culture, and were identified by Biolog system. The results are as follow: The initial water retention of fabrics after dehydration decreased in the order of dripping>centrifuge>squeezing method, which affected the drying rate. The drying rates were faster by increasing surface area of fabrics. There was no significant difference in drying rate among the fabrics pre-treated with detergent, or fabric softener, or cationic surfactants such as Cetyltrimethylammonium bromide(CTAB) and Benzalkonium chloride(BC). Puedomonas aureginosa was found in the fabrics treated with a powder-type detergent. On the other side, there was no growth of microorganism in the fabrics treated with a liquid-type detergent (containing antibacterial agent), CTAB and BC.

• 대한두개안면성형외과학회지
• /
• 제16권1호
• /
• pp.29-30
• /
• 2015

In cleft palate surgery, the environment is especially critical when suturing. Encum-bered, obstructive space in the environment can hinder a suture while using the Dingman mouth gag. We introduced a novel but simple draping technique. A simple hand towel is placed over the gag. A hole is cut out in the middle according to each patient's mouth. After making the hole, the hand towel is soaked in water and gently squeezed. Then the towel is properly placed over the Dingman mouth gag. Dripping water on the hand towel during the suture helps keep it in place. Using this draping technique, we cut 14 minutes of operation time compared to the average operation time of the past 2 years. There were several disadvantages in previous draping method. First, long suture material may easily get caught. Second, the operation field can easily be contaminated. Third, focusing on the operation becomes difficult due to the obstruction. This draping technique can compensate for the disadvantages of the previous Dingman mouth gag.

• 한국토양비료학회지
• /
• 제30권4호
• /
• pp.314-327
• /
• 1997

점적 관개시 근권에서의 토양 수분 이동 현상을 2차원 원통 좌표를 이용하여 모델링 하였다. 엽면 증산, 다양한 형태의 지면 증발, 관개율의 증가로 인한 지면에서의 물 고임 현상등을 고려하였다. 모델은 유한 차분법을 이용한 수치해로 풀었다. 여러가지 비교의 결과로부터 본 연구에서 개발된 모델은 근권에서의 토양 수분 이동 현상을 잘 묘사한다고 볼 수 있었다. 모델의 민감도 분석을 통해서 몇가지 유익한 사실을 발견하였다. 토양 수분이 연직 방향으로 이동하는 속도가 더 큰 것으로 보아 자동 관개용 토양 수분 측정 센서를 설치할 경우, 관개점의 연직하방이 좋은 측점임을 알 수 있었다. 습윤대의 형태가 단지(pot) 모양으로 되는 것은 지면 증발로 인한것임을 알 수 있었다. 또한, 토양의 포화 수리 전도도가 습윤대의 확산에 큰 영향을 주는 것을 알 수 있었고, 관개 중단 후에도 연직 방향의 확산은 계속됨을 알 수 있었다.

• 대한한방소아과학회지
• /
• 제16권1호
• /
• pp.133-148
• /
• 2002

Objective : This study was to investigate more effective oriental medical treatment for Pediatric Bronchial Asthma Method : Aroma therapy and Herbal medicine was given to 28 pediatric bronchial asthma patients(19 males and 9 females) for about 5months from the First, August 1999 The Fifth, January 2002. Results: 1. Demographic factor : The sample consisted of 28 persons among whom 19 were male, 9 were female. The age ranges from 1 year old to 6 year old. Less than 2 year old were 4 and 2-6 year old were 20. 2.Residence : Apartment and villar dwellers were 19(67.9%), Residential street divellers were 9(32.1%). 3.Age distribution at on set : 6(21.4%) fell ill befor 1 year old and 22(78.6%) fell ill after 1 year old 4. The period of illness : 9(32.2%) suffered during 1-3 year and 6(21.4%) suffered during 6 mouth-1year and 6(21.4%) suffered during more than 3 year. 5. Frequency of the symptoms : The symptoms appeared 2-3 times a year in the case of 16(57.2%), one time a year in the case of 1, 4 times a year in the case of 6(21.4%). 6. Concomitance symptoms : All experienced coughing sign, wheezing, 23(82.1%) experienced epistaxis, nose dripping, 13(46.4%) got fever, anorexia. 7. Past history of illness : 16(57.1%) got brochiolitis, brochitis, 12(42.9%) suffered pneumonia, 9(32.1%) had allergic rhinitis. 2 had allergic rhinitis, sinusitis, atopic dermatitis, bronchial asthma, 3 got atopic dermatitis, bronchial asthma and 7 had allergic rhinitis, sinusitis, bronchial asthma, 8. Family disease : In the case of family disease, 21(75%) had allergic dermatitis, 9(42.9%) had bronchial asthma, 8(38.1%) had allergic dermatitis. 9. The symptoms became very severe in the change of season in the case of 13(46.4%) and in the case of 11(39.3%), the change of season made no difference 10. Associated caused of induction symtoms : 28(100%) got sick by common cold, infectional disease, 8(28.6%) got sick by cold food, cold air 11.The kind of therapy : 15(53.6%) got oriental therapy after occidental therapy, 11(39.3%) took only oriental therapy. 12. Improvement degree of each symptoms : In the case of cough and wheeze that are the main symptoms of bronchial asthma, 78.6% and 64.3% of the patients replied < improvement > and in the case of dyspnea, tachypnea 41.7% of the patients replied . In other symptoms, all replied 13. Degree of satisfaction : 19(67.9%) replied , 2(7.1%) replied . Conclusion : Herbal medicine and aroma therapy proved to be a very effective oriental medical treatment for pediatric bronchial asthma.

• 한국잡초학회지
• /
• 제14권1호
• /
• pp.28-33
• /
• 1994

본(本) 실헌(實驗)은 pyributicarb/bensulfuron-methyl과 oxadiazon/bensulfuron-methyl 액상수화제(液狀水和劑)의 제초효과(除草效果)를 검토(檢討)하고 사용(使用) 기술(技術) 개발(開發)을 자연(目的)으로 수행(遂行)하였다. 1. Pyributicarb/bensulfuron-methyl과 oxadiazon/bensulfuron-methyl 액상수화제(液狀水和劑)의 제초효과(除草效果)는 입제(粒劑)와 유사(類似)하였다. 2. Pyributicarb/bensulfuron-methyl과 oxadiazon/bensulfuron-methyl 액상수화제(液狀水和劑)의 확산(擴散) 거잡(距雜)는 6m 이상(以上)이었다. 3. Pyributicarb/bensulfuron-methyl 액상수화제(波狀水和劑)를 관수시(灌水時) 물꼬처리(處理)와 담수(湛水) 후(後) 논뚝처리(處理)한 후(後) 제초효과(除草效果)는 90% 이상(以上)이었다. 4. Pyributicarb/bensulfuron-methyl 액상수화제(波狀水和劑)의 침강속도(沈降速度)는 1시간(時間)에 1-2cm 정도(程度)였다. 5. Pyributicarb/bensulfuron-methyl 액상수화제(波狀水和劑)의 담수심별(湛水深別) 제초효과(除草效果)는 담수심(湛水深) 0-1cm에서 보다 6-7cm에서 더 높았다.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology
• /
• 제9권1호
• /
• pp.13-22
• /
• 1975

From the study of movements of $Ca^{++}$ in frog cardiac muscle, Niedergerke (1963) postulated that $Ca^{++}$ necessary for the cardiac contraction is stored in a specific pool. Langer et al (1967) and DeCaro (1967) also found a close relationship between the change of $Ca^{++}$ flux kinetics and the change of contractile force. According to the studies of several investigators, Ca II (Bailey and Dressel 1968) or phase I and II (Langer 1965, Langer et al 1967, 1971) in the $Ca^{++}$ washout curve was associated with cardiac contractility. This investigation was aimed to elucidate the anatomical region of the contractile active $Ca^{++}$ pool. At the same time, it was assumed in this study that $Ca^{++}$ in the sarcoplasmic reticulumn represents one of the major intracellular $Ca^{++}$ pool and cardiac contractility was also dependent on the intracellular $Ca^{++}$ concentration. Consequently, this experiment was performed at different temperatures to activate to activate inhibit the deactivating process of activated $Ca^{++}$ in the intracellular space to see if changes in the contractility decay curve existed at different temperatures. The isolated hearts of rabbits and turtles (Amyda maackii) were attached to the perfusion apparatus according to the method employed by Bailey and Dressel (1968). The isolated hearts were initally perfused with a full Ringer solution containing 2 mg/ml of inulin for 1 hr, and then $Ca^{++}$ and inulin-free Ringer solution was perfused while the isometric tension was recorded and a serial sample of perfusion fluid dripping from the cardiac apex was collected for 10 sec throughout experimental period. The above procedure was performed at $23^{\circ}C$, $30^{\circ}C$ and $38^{\circ}C$ on the rabbit heart and $10{\sim}13^{\circ}C$, $10^{\circ}C$, $25^{\circ}C$, $30^{\circ}C$ and $35^{\circ}C$ on the turtle heart. After determination of $Ca^{++}$ and inulin concentration of the samples, the $Ca^{++}$, inulin washout curve and the contractile tensin decay curve were analysed according to the method of Riggs (1963). The results were summarized as follows; 1. In the rabbit heart, there are 2 inulin compartments, 3 $Ca^{++}$ compartments and sing1e exponential decay of contractile tension. In the turtle heart, there are $1{\sim}2$ inulin compartments, $1{\sim}2$ $Ca^{++}$ compartments and $1{\sim}2$ phases of contractile tension decay. The fact that the inulin space was divided into 3 compartments in the washout curve in these hearts indicates the presence of heterogeneity in cardiac perfusion, i.e., overfused and underperfused area. 2. Ca I a9d Ca II in these hearts were found to have $Ca^{++}$ in the ECF compartments because their half times in the washout curves were far smaller than those of the inulin washout curves in the rabbit heart and similar to those of the inulin washout curves in the turtle heart. Ca III in the rabbit heart may have originated from the intracellular $Ca^{++}$ store. But no Ca III in the turtle heart was found. This may be due to the fact that the iutracellular $Ca^{++}$ pool in the turtle heart was too small to detect using this experimental procedure since sarcoplasmic reticulumn in the turtle heart is poorly developed. 3. In the rabbit heart, there were no chages in the half time of Ca I, Ca II, inulin I and inulin II at different temperatures, but the half time of Ca III was significantly prolonged at lower temperatures, and the half time of the contractile tension decay tended to be prolonged at lower temperatures but this was not significant. In the turtle heart, there were no changes in the half time of Ca I, Ca II, inulin 1, inulin II and phase I of the contractile tension decay at different temperatures, but the half time of phase II of the contractile tension decay was significantly prolonged at lower temperatures. This finding indicates that intracellu!ar $Ca^{++}$ in these hearts was also responsible particulary for maintaining the cardiac contractility at the lower temperatures. 4. The half times of contractile tension decay were shorter than those of Ca II in the $Ca^{++}$ washout curves in both animal hearts. According to the above results it was shown that $Ca^{++}$ in ECF is primarily and $Ca^{++}$ in the intracellular space is partially associated with the cardic contractility.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
• /
• 제44권4호
• /
• pp.853-860
• /
• 1997

연구배경 : 만성 기침은 임상에서 흔한 증상으로 대부분은 후비루증(posterior nasal dripping : PND), 천식, 위식도 역류증, 기관지염 등으로 인한 것으로 알려져 있다. 만성 기침 환자 중 일부분은 기침과 동반하여 천명이나, 호흡곤란 등과 같은 기관지 천식과 유사한 증상을 경우가 많아 기관지 과민반응 검사를 시행하게 된다. 기관지 과민반응 검사는 대부분 $FEV_1$을 측정하지만 흉곽외 기도의 과민반응은 측정하지 못하는 단점이 있다. 본 연구는 만성 기침 환자를 대상으로 기관지와 흉부외 기도의 methacholine 유발 검사를 시행하여 기도 과민 반응을 평가하여 상관 관계를 알아보고자 본 연구를 시행하였다. 대상 및 방법 : 대상 환자는 2개월 이상 기침이 있는 111명의 환자를 대상으로 하였으며, 남자 55명, 여자 56명으로 평균 연령은 $37.4{\pm}13.0$세였다. 대상 환자는 심혈관 질환, 전신 질환 등이 없었으며, 과거에 기관지 진단 받은 병력이 없고 기관지 확장제나 사용한 병력이 없었던 환자였다. 기침이나 천명 또는 간헐적인 호흡곤란 등의 증상은 문진으로 확인하였고, 기침만 존재한 환자 46명, 기침과 천명이 있는 환자 24명, 기침과 호흡곤란이 있는 환자 22명, 기침, 천명 및 호흡곤란이 있는 환자 19명이었다. 대상환자의 폐기능검사는 $FEV_1$(%) $106.5{\pm}15.3$, FVC(%) $100.1{\pm}12.8$, $FEV_1$/FVC(%) $106.3{\pm}13.1$로 정상이었다. Methacholine 유발검사는 0.0625 에서 25 mg/ml의 2배수 농도를 흡입한 5분후 기관지 과민 반응은 $PC_{20}FEV_1$으로 측정하였고, 흉곽외 기도 과민 반응은 최대 중간흡입 기류속도인 $MIF_{50}$으로 측정하여 연속 3회 감소하고 25%이상 감소한 $PC_{25}MIF_{50}$으로 측정하여 25mg/ml 이하의 농도에서 양성인 경우를 기관지(BHR) 및 흉부외 기도(EAHR) 에 각각 반응이 있다고 판독하여 대상 환자의 상관 관계를 확인하여 다음과 같은 결과를 얻었다. 결 과 : 대상 환자 총 111명중에 기관지 과민반응(BHR)이 27명, 흉곽외 기도 과민반응(EAHR)이 16명, BHR과 EAHR이 함께 있는 환자 8명으로 과민 반응이 있는 환자는 총 50명이었으며, 그외의 61명은 기관지와 흉부외 기도의 과민반응이 없었다. BHR 또는 EAHR이 양성인 환자 50명중에 기침만 있는 환자는 BHR이 3명, EAHR이 9명, BER과 EAHR이 같이 있는 환자는 2명으로 EAHR이 가장 많았으며, 기침과 천명이 있는 환자는 BHR이 10명, EAHR이 2명 및 BHR과 EAHR이 같이 있는 환자는 2명으로 BHR이 가장 많았고, 기침과 호흡곤란이 있는 환자는 BHR이 7명, EAHR이 3명, BHR과 EAHR이 같이 있는 환자는 1명으로 BHR이 가장 많았다. 기침, 천명 및 호흡곤란이 모두 있는 환자는 BHR이 7명, EAHR이 2명, BHR과 EAHR이 같이 있는 환자는 3명으로 BHR이 가장 많았다. BHR와 EAHR이 모두 음성인 환자는 총 61명이었으며, 기침만 있는 환장 32명, 기침과 천명이 있는 환자 10명, 기침과 호흡곤란이 있는 환자 11명, 기침, 천명 및 호흡곤란이 모 두 있는 환자는 7명이었다. 결 론 : Methacholine에 양성 반응인 환자중 호흡곤란이나 천명이 동반된 만성 기침환자에서는 주로 기관지 과민 반응이 나타났으며, 기침 단독 증상인 환자에서는 반응이 존재함을 알 수 있었다.