• 한국축산식품학회지
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• 제33권3호
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• pp.305-316
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• 2013

The strategy for increasing the palatability of Hanwoo beef through fattening could lead to a decline in yield grade. The aim of this study was to examine the meat quality traits of Longissimus dorsi (LD) muscle from carcasses of Hanwoo steers at different yield grades. A total of 246 Hanwoo steers was divided into the following yield grades: A (n=77), B (n=76) and C (n=93). Meat quality traits, including proximate composition, cholesterol content, nucleotide content, dipeptide content, creatine and creatinine, free amino acid content, fatty acid composition, instrumental meat color, pH, water holding capacity, drip loss, cooking loss, and sensory qualities of the LD muscle from the 3 yield grades of Hanwoo carcasses were measured. The decline in yield grade from A to C resulted in an increase in crude fat and cholesterol content as well as a decrease in inosine 5'-monophosphate and aspartic acid in the LD muscle (p<0.05). In terms of fatty acid composition, the LD muscle from yield grade A had higher SFA and PUFA and lower MUFA content than that from yield grade C (p<0.05). However, the ratio of PUFA/SFA and n-6/n-3 did not differ among LD muscles from the 3 yield grades. There were no significant differences among other meat quality traits in relation to the yield grade. In conclusion, we suggest that the changes of substances related with health and flavor can be considered in order to obtain better quality Hanwoo beef.

• 한국축산식품학회지
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• 제36권5호
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• pp.679-688
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• 2016

The aim of this research was to evaluate: 1) the fatty acid profile of ten muscles from high marbled (HM, quality grade 1⁺⁺) and low marbled (LM, quality grade 2) Hanwoo carcass, 2) the relationship between the fatty acid profile and sensory traits. There were significant (p<0.001) differences in fat content and fatty acid composition among the 10 muscles obtained from HM and LM Hanwoo steers. The proportions of SFA (saturated fatty acid), MUFA (monounsaturated fatty acid) and PUFA (polyunsaturated fatty acid) were significantly (p<0.001) different among the 10 muscles due to differences in all fatty acids except eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA, C20:5n-3). The high-fat muscles had a lower n-6/n-3 ratio compared to the low-fat muscles (p<0.001). LM muscles had a significantly (p<0.05) higher proportion of SFA than HM muscles due to a higher proportion of stearic acid (C18:0). On the contrary, HM muscles had a significantly (p<0.01) higher proportion of MUFA than LM muscles due to higher oleic acid (C18:1n-9) proportion. SFA had a significant correlation with CIE a* (r=0.281; p<0.01) and drip loss (%) (r=−0.233; p<0.001). Cooking loss (%) had a significantly (p<0.05) negative correlation with PUFA (r=−0.233; p<0.05). Overall palatability was positively correlated with SFA (r=0.262; p<0.01), but negatively correlated with PUFA (r=−0.567; p<0.001). There was no significant correlation between oleic acid and any of the sensory traits (p>0.05).

• 한방안이비인후피부과학회지
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• 제27권4호
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• pp.101-109
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• 2014

Objective : The purpose of this study is to summarize the differential diagnosis between allergic and nonallergic rhinitis and suggest management. Methods : We reviewed the current update of medical history and physical examination for allergic and nonallergic rhinitis. Then we analyzed clinical characteristics according to onset age, gender incidence and state of nasal symptoms, etc. Results : 1. Patients with nonallergic rhinitis tend to develop symptoms at a later age(>35 years of age), and there is a female-to-male incidence ratio for nonallergic rhinitis of 2:1 to 3:1. 2. Patients with nonallergic rhinitis report nasal congestion, nasal rhinorrhea and more often report postnasal drip rather than sneezing and itching, which are predominant symptoms of allergic rhinitis. And the nasal mucosa in nonallergic rhinitis usually looks normal. 3. Patients with nonallergic rhinitis have few complaints of concomitant symptoms of allergic symptoms and the absence of other atopic diseases in the patient or in the family supports the diagnosis of nonallergic rhinitis. 4. Common triggers of nonallergic rhinitis are nonspecific irritant exposures and many patients with nonallergic rhinitis find that antihistamines have no benefit. Conclusions : The differential diagnosis between allergic and nonallergic rhinitis is clinical and relies on a detailed medical history and physical examination.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• 제63권3호
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• pp.563-574
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• 2021

A total of 1512 Ross 308 broilers (one - day - old) were assigned (random blocks) to 1of 3 dietary treatments with 28 replicates of 18 chicks/cage. The dietary treatments were Cornsoybean-meal based basal diet supplemented with 0%, 0.1%, and 0.2% of commercial yeast hydrolysate (YH [Saccharomyces cerevisiae]). The graded level of YH supplementation has linearly increased broilers body weight gain on d 21, 35, and overall (p = 0.044, 0.029, and 0.036, respectively) experimental period. In addition, the increased level of YH supplementation has linearly reduced feed conversation ratio of broilers on d 21, 35, and overall trial period (p = 0.041, 0.052, and 0.032, respectively). However, the feed intake and mortality of broilers were not affected by the graded level of YH supplementation. Though nutrient digestibility of dry matter (p = 0.012) and nitrogen (p = 0.021) was linearly increased in broilers fed YH supplementation, at the end of the trial it fails to affect the total track digestible energy. Dietary inclusion of YH supplementation showed a beneficial effect on the microbial population as linearly improved lactobacillus (p = 0.011) and reduced Escherichia coli counts (p = 0.042). An increasing level of YH supplementation has tended to decrease NH₃ (p = 0.069) and linearly decrease H₂S (p = 0.027) of noxious gas emission in broilers. Moreover, dietary YH supplements trend to increase the glucose (p = 0.066) and reduced cholesterol (p = 0.069) level. At the end of the test, YH supplementation elicited a linear reduction in drip loss on days 5 and 7, respectively (p = 0.045, and 0.021). Furthermore, dietary inclusion of YH supplementation had linearly increased villus height (p = 0.051) but fails to affect crypt depth. Therefore, in terms of positive effects on the broiler's overall performance, we suggest that dietary supplements containing graded YH levels in the broilers diet could serve as a potential alternative for growth promoters.

• 농업과학연구
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• 제48권3호
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• pp.413-422
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• 2021

The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of adding curcumin-steviol glycoside complex (CSG) on the growth performance and meat quality of white semi broilers. A total of 60 one-day-old white semi broilers with an initial body weight (BW) 40.0 ± 0.2 g were used in a 5-week experiment. The three treatments were as follows: 1) CON; basal diet, 2) T1; CON + 0.5% CSG and 3) T2; CON + 1.0% CSG. Each treatment consisted of 5 replicate cages with 4 broilers per cage. In 0 - 2 weeks, the supplementation of 1.0% CSG in the diets significantly increased (p < 0.05) the BW and decreased the feed intake (FI), thereby improving the feed conversion ratio (FCR) compared to the CON group. For meat quality, the T2 group showed a higher water holding capacity (WHC) and lower drip loss (DL) and cooking loss (CL) compared to the CON group (p < 0.05). For meat color, the T2 group showed a significantly lower lightness (L^*) and yellowness (b^*) than that of the other treatment groups (p < 0.05). In the sensory evaluation, the meat color and texture in the T2 group were significantly improved (p < 0.05) compared with those of the other treatment groups. As a result, the acceptability of consumers was ameliorated. In conclusion, this study shows that the supplementation of CSG improved the growth performance and meat quality in white semi broilers. This study suggests that 1.0% CSG is the optimal level in the diet.

• 한국환경농학회지
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• 제26권4호
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• pp.306-312
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• 2007

토마토의 생육, 수량, 물과 질소 이용율 등에 미치는 질소 관비 처리효과를 살펴보기 위하여 토양검정시비량의 0%, 40%, 60%, 80%, 100%에 해당하는 질소량은 15회에 걸쳐 토마토에 점적관비 하였으며, 질소 점적관비 효과는 질소관행시비구(기비와 추비를 60:40의 비율로 표층시비)와 비교하였다. 질소관비량 증가로 토마토의 초장과 건물중은 증가하였으나, 경경은 현저한 차이가 없었다. 질소관비량 증가에 따른 상품과실수 증가로 토마토수량은 증가하였다. 질소관비처리구의 과실수량은 질소관비처리량에 따라 $9{\sim}33%$ 가량 증가하였으며, 토양검정시비량의80%(NF80처리구)에 해당하는 $176kg\;ha^{-1}$의 질소 관비시(96.6 mg $L^{-1}$) 과실은 최대수량을 보였다. 질소관비량 증가로 토마토 부위별 건물중과 질소흡수량은 증가하였다. 전체건물중 대비 과실 중량의 비율은 관행에 비해 질소관비처리구들에서 $2.6{\sim}5.3%$ 증가하였고, 과실중 질소분배량은 $3.7{\sim}21.7%$ 가량 증가하여 질소 관행처리에 비해 질소 관비처리구에서 과실로의 질소분배 및 동화산물 전이가 효과적으로 진행되는 것으로 판단되었다. 한편 질소 관비량 증가로 인한 질소흡수량은 증가하였으나, 질소 흡수율은 감소하는 경향이었다. 그럼에도 불구하고 질소관비처리구의 질소흡수율은 $71.8{\sim}102.3%$ 범위로서 질소관행 처리구의 45%와 비교할 때 현저하게 높았다. 반면에 질소관비처리구의 물이용효율성은 $327{\sim}361kg/ha\;cm^{-1}$로서 관행 질소 처리구의 $324kg/ha\;cm^{-1}$보다 높았으며, NF80 처리구의 경우 $361kg/ha\;cm^{-1}$으로 가장 효율적으로 물을 이용한 것으로 나타났다. 결과적으로 과실의 상품수량, 상품율, 물 이용효율성 등을 고려할 때, 토양검정시비량의 80%에 해당하는 질소량을 관비시 토마토의 생육 및 수량 증가에 가장 효과적인 것으로 판단된다.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제27권4호
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• pp.551-560
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• 2014

Twenty-four male 1-year old swamp buffaloes (Bubalus bubalis) were randomly allocated to 4 groups. One group grazed on guinea grass (GG) and another on guinea grass and the legume Stylosanthes guianensis (GL). The other two groups were kept in pens and fed freshly cut guinea grass and concentrate at an amount of 1.5% (GC1.5) and 2.0% (GC2.0) of body weight, respectively. The effect of the different feeding intensities on carcass characteristics and meat quality were assessed. The mean body weight at slaughter was 398 (${\pm}16$) kg. Average daily gain was higher in concentrate-supplemented groups (570 and 540 g/d in GC1.5 and GC2.0, respectively) when compared to GG (316 g/d) and GL (354 g/d) (p<0.01). Likewise, the warm carcass weight was higher in GC1.5 and GC2.0 compared to GG and GL. Dressing percentage was 48.1% and 49.5% in GC1.5 and GC2.0 in comparison to 42.9% and 44.8% observed in GG and GL, respectively. Meat of Longissimus throracis from GC1.5 and GC2.0 was redder in color (p<0.01), while water holding capacity (drip and thawing loss) was improved in pasture-fed groups (p<0.05). Protein and fat content of Longissimus thoracis was higher in animals supplemented with concentrate (p<0.01), as was cholesterol content (p<0.05), whereas PUFA:SFA ratio was higher and n-6/n-3 ratio lower (p<0.01) in pasture-fed buffaloes. Results of the present study showed that the supplementation of pasture with concentrate enhances the growth and carcass characteristics of swamp buffaloes expressed in superior dressing percentage, better muscling, and redder meat with a higher content of protein and fat, whereas animals grazing only on pasture had a more favorable fatty acid profile and water holding capacity. In conclusion, the supplementation of concentrate at a rate of about 1.5% of body weight is recommended to improve the performance and carcass quality of buffaloes.

• 대한한의학회지
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• 제21권4호
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• pp.174-182
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• 2000

Objectives : In order to apply herbal medicine to aroma-therapy, we observed clinically remedical effect for allergic rhinitis of aroma-therapy using herbal medicine. Methods : Twenty-four allergic rhinitis patients were treated in the Kun-po Oriental Medical Hospital of Wonkwang University from September 2000 to October 2000. They were treated with aroma-therapy and analyzed clinically. Results : 1. 25.0% (6 cases) of all cases involved pre-teenagers; teenagers 29.2% (7 cases); patients in their 20s, 20.8% (5 cases); patients in their 30s, 12.5% (3 cases); patients in their 40s, 8.3% (2 cases); patients in their 50s, 4.2% (1 cases). 2. The ratio of male to female patients was 58.3%(14 cases) to 41.7%(10 cases). 3. Cases involving patients under the age of six months was 0%; under 1 year 12.5% (3 cases); under 2 years 33.3%(8 cases); under 3 years 16.7%(4 cases); over 3 years 37.5%(9 cases). 4. Past history : The cases of sinusitis were 33.3%(8 cases); otitis media 20.8%(5 cases), bronchitis 16.7%(4 cases), atopic dermatitis 12.5%(3 cases), asthma 8.3%(2 cases). 5. The ratio of allergic onset based on seasons were : spring 16.7%(4 cases), summer 0%, fall 29.2%(7 cases), winter 16.7%(4 cases), and not defined 37.5%(9 cases). 6. The cases of nasal obstruction was 91.7%(22 cases); followed by : sneezing 83.3(20 cases), white rhinorrhea 70.8%(17 cases), eye itching 66.7%(16 cases), nasal itching 58.3%(14 cases), rhinalgia 58.3%(14 cases), postnasal drip 50.0%(12 cases), headache 41.7%(10 cases), yellow rhinorrhea 33.3%(8 cases), cough 33.3%(8 cases), fatigue 29.2%(7 cases). 7. The cases of familial factor was 66.7%(16 cases); the non-familial factor 33.3%(8 cases). 8. The remedical effect of the treatment showed an improvement in 58.4% of the total cases studied. 9. The improvement-rate of the 1st group (mahwang group) was 66.7%; of the 2nd group (hwangkum group) 48.5%, and of the 3rd group (pine group) 55.8%. Conclusions : Considering the above results, we have concluded that the remedical effect for allergic rhinitis of aroma-therapy using herbal medicine showed to be intentional in comparison with aroma-therapy using aroma-oil.

• 한국기후변화학회지
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• 제7권1호
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• pp.9-17
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• 2016

Climate change affects plant responses on physiological characteristics and growth, and Pinus densiflora, one of the major tree species in Korea, are expected to be particularly vulnerable to rising temperature and increased precipitation. This study was conducted to investigate the effects of an open-field warming and precipitation manipulation on physiological characteristics and growth of P. densiflora seedlings. Seedlings of 2-year-old P. densiflora were planted in April, 2013, in open-field nursery located at Korea University. The air temperature of warmed plots had been set to be $3^{\circ}C$ higher than the control plots using infrared lamps. Precipitation was manipulated to be 30% lower or higher than the control, using transparent panels and drip irrigation. Net photosynthetic rate, total chlorophyll content, seedling height, root collar diameter and biomass were measured from April, 2014 to April, 2015. The increase in new shoot biomass from warming was statistically significant, with the biomass in warmed plots about 2-fold higher than in the control plots in 2014 and 2015. This result might be related to advanced bud burst and increased occurrence of abnormal new shoots in warmed plots. Meanwhile, the results of net photosynthetic rate, total chlorophyll content, seedling height, root collar diameter and total biomass from warming and precipitation manipulation were not statistically significant, but tendencies of lower net photosynthetic rate and higher seedling height and biomass in warmed plots compared to the control were shown. Such might be speculated as results of the extended growth period. When root to shoot (R/S) ratio was calculated from the biomass data obtained in April 2014 and April 2015, increased R/S ratio was observed regardless of the treatments applied. Drought tolerance of P. densiflora and particularly low annual precipitation observed in 2014 were suggested as the possible reasons.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• 제66권2호
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• pp.310-325
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• 2024

Glyconutrients help in the body's cell communication. Glyconutrients and synbiotics are promising options for improving immune function. Therefore, we hypothesized that combining synbiotics and glyconutrients will enhance pig nutrient utilization. 150 pigs (Landrace × Yorkshire × Duroc), initially weighing 58.85 ± 3.30 kg of live body weight (BW) were utilized to determine the effects of synbiotics-glyconutrients (SGN) on the pigs' performance, feed efficiency, gas emission, pork traits, and composition of fatty acids. The pigs were matched by BW and sex and chosen at random to 1 of 3 diet treatments: control = Basal diet; TRT1 = Basal diet + SGN 0.15%; TRT2 = Basal diet + SGN 0.30%%. The trials were conducted in two phases (weeks 1-5 and weeks 5-10). The average daily gain was increased in pigs fed a basal diet with SGN (p = 0.036) in weeks 5-10. However, the apparent total tract digestibility of dry matter, nitrogen, and gross energy did not differ among the treatments (p > 0.05). Dietary treatments had no effect on NH₃, H₂S, methyl mercaptans, acetic acids, and CO₂ emissions (p > 0.05). Improvement in drip loss on day 7 (p = 0.053) and tendency in the cooking loss were observed (p = 0.070) in a group fed basal diets and SGN at 0.30% inclusion level. The group supplemented with 0.30% of SGN had higher levels of palmitoleic acid (C16:1), margaric acid (C17:0), omega-3 fatty acid, omega-6 fatty acid, and ω-6: ω-3 ratio (p = 0.034, 0.020, 0.025, 0.007, and 0.003, respectively) in the fat of finishing pigs. Furthermore, group supplemented with 0.30% of SGN improved margaric acid (C17:0), linoleic acid (C18:2n6c), arachidic acid (C20:0), omega 6 fatty acid, omega-6 to omega-3 ratio, unsaturated fatty acid, and monounsaturated fatty acid (p = 0.037, 0.05, 0.0142, 0.036, 0.033, 0.020, and 0.045, respectively) in the lean tissues of finishing pigs compared to pigs fed with the control diets. In conclusion, the combination of probiotics, prebiotics, and glyconutrients led to higher average daily gain, improved the quality of pork, and more favorable fatty acid composition. Therefore, these results contributed to a better understanding of the potential of SGN combinations as a feed additive for pigs.