• Korean Journal of Applied Biomechanics
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• v.34 no.2
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• pp.93-103
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• 2024

Objective: The purpose of this study was to investigate whether dancers with chronic ankle instability (CAI) exhibit different characteristics in dynamic postural control ability and ankle joint laxity compared to dancers without CAI and non-dancers with CAI. Method: Twelve dancers with CAI, 14 dancers without CAI, and 12 non-dancers with CAI participated in the study. Dynamic balance was evaluated using the Star Excursion Balance Test (SEBT) and the single-leg hop balance. The laxity of the ankle joint was evaluated through the anterior drawer test and the talar tilt test. SEBT measured maximum reach distances in anterior, posteromedial, and posterolateral directions. Single-leg hop assessed center of pressure (COP) and time-to-boundary (TTB) outcomes. One-way ANOVA and Chi-square tests were performed to compare the outcome variables among the three groups. Results: Dancers with CAI demonstrated greater reach distance in the posterolateral direction compared to non-dancers with CAI during SEBT (p=.014). Secondly, dancers without CAI showed greater reach distance in the posterolateral (p<.001) and posteromedial (p=.001) directions during SEBT compared to non-dancers with CAI. Additionally, dancers without CAI exhibited better postural control with higher TTB AP mean of minima (p=.003) and TTB AP standard deviation of minima (p=.012) during single-leg hop compared to nondancers with CAI. Thirdly, dancers with CAI showed a lower positive rate during the anterior drawer test compared to non-dancers with CAI (p=.019). Conclusion: Dancers with CAI demonstrated better ankle function and reduced mechanical instability compared to non-dancers with CAI. Therefore, to elucidate the underlying mechanisms of lateral ankle sprain and CAI development exacerbation in dancers, additional factors that can affect ankle sprain, such as visual dependence during postural control and evaluation in dance movements, should be explored.

• Proceeding of Spring/Autumn Annual Conference of KHA
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• 2004.11a
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• pp.61-66
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• 2004

This study is to analyze the units of flexible high-rise mixed use apartment(Chereville) targeting at Guwidong in Seoul. In order to analyze the different type of units, it is selected 60 unit plans. The results were as followings . 1) It is revealed from the request of residents in regard to the LDK that kitchen and living room are recognized as sharing spaces and thereby, the importance of them grows bigger. 2) The need for storage space appears compared to the Past, and actual residents add new built-in cabinet of drawer in kitchen, diningroom, and balcony. Therefore, the storage planning is needed in order to keep and store life goods in addition to clothing closet.

• International Journal of Computer Science & Network Security
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• v.22 no.5
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• pp.303-311
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• 2022

Through our study, bill of exchange is defined as a written document that contains an order from the drawer directed to the drawee during which the predetermined amount must be paid within a certain time period or on sight. The research begins with an examination of how it was founded, the parties involved, and the organizer's formal conditions. Then, it discusses how to negotiate a bill of exchange through endorsement along with the different types of endorsement and its ramifications. The research concludes by elucidating the bill of exchange impact on the business community, since it decreases commercial conflicts and enables merchants to benefit from, circulate, and recycle their debts without being damaged by debts collection delays.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.29 no.6
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• pp.455-459
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• 2012

Nine dogs presented to the Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital of Konkuk University and Woosung Animal Hospital with a history of pelvic limb lameness. On physical examination, 9 dogs all showed a consistent weight bearing lameness and mild muscle atrophy. There was cranial drawer sign with pain in 9 dogs. Mediolateral radiographic projection revealed cranial subluxation of the tibial tuberosity in a tibial compression view. The right and left stifle joints were affected in 7 dogs and 2 dogs respectively. TightRope cranial cruciate ligament (CCL) technique for treatment of CCL deficiency was performed. Polyester and nylon were used to stabilize the stifle in 3 dogs and 6 dogs respectively. Suture sizes were 0.8 mm (n = 2), 0.9 mm (n = 4), 1.1 mm (n = 2), and $1.1mm{\times}2$ strands (n = 1) in diameter. Mean (${\pm}SD$) surgical duration was $48.3{\pm}8.5$ minutes (range 35 to 60 minutes). Preoperative and postoperative mean (${\pm}SD$) cranial drawer signs were $8.6{\pm}1.6$ mm (rage 7 to 12 mm) and $1.2{\pm}1.0$ mm (rage 0 to 3 mm) respectively. Immediate postoperative radiographs of the affected limb revealed no evidence of cranial subluxation of the tibial tuberosity in a tibial compression view of 9 dogs. Normal limb function was regained in 8 dogs within 8 weeks postoperatively. A consistent weight bearing lameness resolved in all dogs after TightRope CCL technique, but reoccurred in one dog (case No. 6) 2 weeks after surgery. Cranial subluxation of the tibial tuberosity was identified in a tibial compression test. During the second surgery, breakage of surgical button was identified and a tibial wedge osteotomy was performed. Based on surgical time, complication, stifle stability, and functional recovery, the present study indicated that TightRope CCL technique is effective treatment for the dogs with CCL deficiency.

• Journal of the Korean Arthroscopy Society
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.162-166
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• 2005

Purpose: The purpose of this study were to evaluate the results of arthroscopic PCL reconstruction and posterolateral structure reconstruction. Materials and Methods: We performed 10 cases of arthrocopic PCL and posterolateral structure reconstruction using allo-achilles tendon. The average follow-up period was 25 months. We performed KT-2000 testing and posterior drawer test for posterior instability and tibial external rotation test for posterolateral rotatory instability, and measure Tegner and Lysholm score preoperatively and compared these with the results of a final evaluation in each cases. Results: The Preoperative average KT-2000 tests was 7.1 mm, posterior drawer test was Grade III and tibial external rotation test was positive at both 30 and 90 degrees of knee flexion in all cases. Preoperative average Lysholm score was 65.9 and Tegner score was 3.1. At the final evaluation, an average KT-2000 test was 2.2 mm, posteior drawer test, Grade 0 was 2 cases, Grade 1.4 cases, Grade II, 3 cases, Grade III, 1 cases. The tibial external rotation test at both 30 and 90 degrees of knee flexion was positive in 1 cases and positive at only 90 degrees in 2 cases. Lysholm score was 87.6 and Tegner score was 5.7. The objective and subjective score of final evaluation is increased in compare with preoperative one. Conclusion: Arthrocopic PCL and posterolateral structure reconstruction using allo-achilles tendon is one of the good surgical treatment method in patients having posterior and posterolateral rotatory instability.

• Journal of the Korean Arthroscopy Society
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.1-6
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• 2001

Purpose : The purpose of this study was to compare the postoperative success and stability of arthroscopically assisted anterior cruciate ligament(ACL) reconstructions using central one third bone-patellar-tendon bone(BPB) autograft versus quadrupled semitendinos-us(ST) autograft as the medium term review. Materials and Methods : Eighty patients(40 BPBs,40 STs) with isolated ACL injury were available for a mean follow up of 49.4 months(BPB) and 48.8 months(ST). There was no significant difference between the two groups with respect to age and sex. We compare the final results between two groups with respect to subjective Lysholm score, objective laxity including anterior drawer test, Lachman test, pivot shift test, KT-2000 measurements and International Knee Documentation Committee(IKDC) evaluation system. Results : Postoperatively, positive anterior drawer test was found in $22.5\%\;and\;27.5\%$, positive Lachman test was found in $30.0\%$ and $25.0\%$ and positive pivot shift test was found in $15\%\;and\;20\%$ of the ST and BPB group, respectively(p>0.05). Mean side to side difference of KT-2000 at 20 lbs was 2.2 mm for the ST group and 2.1 mm for the BPB group. There was no significant difference between the two groups about Lysholm score(>0.05). Anterior knee pain was knee common in the BPB group. Eighty-three percent of the patients were nearly normal according to the IKDC grade in both groups. Conclusion : We consider that autogenous semitendinosus tendon is a good alternative subsititute in ACL reconstruction together with the bone-patellar tendon-bone autograft.

• Journal of Korean Orthopaedic Sports Medicine
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.102-108
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• 2009

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to report a result of the technique that reconstruct posterior cruciate ligament (PCL) and posterolateral corner (PLC) simultaneously using a fresh-frozen Achilles tendon allograft. Materials and Methods: Forty two patients (45 legs) underwent PCL and PLC reconstruction were included. There were 38 males and 4 females. Mean age was 39 years. Used graft was a fresh frozen Achilles tendon allograft, which was divided by two size, larger one (${\emptyset}$ 10 mm) for PCL reconstruction and smaller one (${\emptyset}$ 8 mm) for PLC reconstruction. Arthroscopic reconstruction of the PCL was performed using transtibial, single incision, and single bundle technique with 10mm fresh frozen Achilles allograft tendon first. After PCL reconstruction, reconstruction procedure for posterolateral instability was performed using modified figure of "8" technique using smaller gtaft. For clinical evaluation, range of motion, posterior drawer test, varus stress test, prone external rotation (dial) test, Lysholm score, Tegner activity scale and posterior stress radiograph were used. Mean follow up period was 25 months. Results: Preoperatively posterior drawer test was 5 cases in grade II and 40 cases in grade III posterior instability. At final follow-up 22 cases returned within normal condition, 18 cases grade I and 5 cases grade II posterior instability. Though all patients showed positive result over 10 degrees in dial and varus stress test preoperatively, but only 9 cases showed positive both test at final follow-up. The range of motion deficit over $10^{\circ}$ flexion was 3 cases. Lysholm score was improved from mean 50 preoperatively to mean 83(p<0.05) and Tegner activity scale improved from mean 2.1 preoperatively to mean 4.6(p<0.05). In posterior stress radiographs, posterior displacement was improve from mean 16mm preoperatively to 4.1mm after treatment(p<0.05). All patients had improved compared to their pre-operative status as measured by physical examination such as posterior drawer test, varus stress test, dial test. Conclusion: We had successful results by combined reconstruction of the PCL & PLC with a fresh frozen Achilles tendon allograft in patients with PCL and posterolateral rotatory instability at a time.

• Journal of the Korean Arthroscopy Society
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.7-12
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• 2010

Purpose: To evaluate the effects of total or subtotal meniscectomy on anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction. Materials and Methods: We reviewed the 455 cases of arthroscopic ACLR (anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction) from February, 2003 to February, 2007 and followed-up more than 1 year. The 93 cases were enrolled. The 45 cases who underwent only ACLR were included and the 48 cases who underwent ACLR with total or subtotal meniscectomy were included in this study except grade 3 or 4 chondral lesion, partial meniscetomy or meniscal repair. We divided the patient into 4 groups which were isolated ACLR group (group I, 45cases), ACLR with lateral meniscectomy group (group II, 10cases), ACLR with medial meniscectomy group (group III, 28cases) and ACLR with both medial and lateral meniscectomy group (group IV, 10cases). The clinical evaluation was done by range of motion (ROM), IKDC subjective score, Lysholm score, anterior drawer test, Lachman test, Pivot shift test and KT-1000 arthrometer. Results: At final follow up, group IV was inferior than group I in IKDC subjective score and Lysholm score, and inferior than group II in IKDC subjective score. In KT-1000 arhtometric test, group I had better results than group III and group IV. Also in anterior drawer test and Lachman test, group 1 had better result than group III and group IV. In pivot shift test, there was no significant difference among four groups. Conclusion: Medial or both medial and lateral meniscectomy had greater laxity in anterior drawer test, Lachman test and KT-1000 arthrometric test and both medial and lateral meniscectomy had a lower subjective score than both meniscus intact group.

• Archives of design research
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• v.15 no.4
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• pp.129-138
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• 2002

Against the projection that the volume of filing would be drastically cut in the Information Age, the needs for filing in this age increases gradually. In this respect, it is critical to study the design of office filing system furniture. Through this study, we could find out what shall be the major requirements for office lijillg system furniture. This study would also provide important raw data for developing more efficient and more satisfactory office filing system furniture. Subject for this study includes 6 representative filing system furniture including a lateral file cabinet. For the design analysis, we used catalogues of foreign and domestic office furniture, particularly filing system furniture. The analysis is classified into the following six categories such as size, shape, color, material, handle, and filing method, mobility, flexibility, and so on. According to the analysis of office furniture in the market, requirements of furniture fit for office environment are found to be as follows. -Instead of the fixed-type furniture, movable furniture is more adaptable to the ever-evolving office environment. -Design the office furniture in accordance with a standardized module would provide a more unity and diversity of arrangement in space particularly when it is arranged with other furniture. -Development of more diverse color, which ranges from achromatic color to wooden color to other various colors, is more favored in the ever-changing office environment. -As the grip provides a variety of image to the furniture let alone its function, its development is required to be more diverse and more conforming 10 the design of Ihe furniture. -The filing methods in general are with drawer and shelf, among which the drawers design is usually fixed. However, under the evolving office furniture environment, the design of Ihe drawer, bolh inlerior and exterior, shall be more diverse and flexible.

• Journal of the Korean Arthroscopy Society
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.117-121
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• 2007

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to evaluate the results of arthroscopic primary repair of a posterior cruciate ligament(PCL) avulsion injury without bony fragment at the femoral attach site. Materials and Methods: From Jan. 1993 to Dec. 2002, we performed 10 cases of PCL repair by arthroscopic suture technique. The mean follow-up period was $38.7{\pm}11$ months and the mean age of the patients was $28.2{\pm}6$ years old. 8 cases were men. 2 cases were women. At last follow-up, all cases were evaluated with the Lysholm and Gillquist knee rating system and International Knee Documentation Committee criteria. Posterior tibial displacement on stress lateral radiograph and posterior instability with posterior drawer test were measured also in all cases. Results: The mean Lysholm and Gillquist score was $94.5{\pm}2.6$. 4 cases were IKDC A(normal) and the other 6 cases were IKDC B(nearly normal). Posterior instabilities by posterior drawer test were grade I in 5 cases and grade II in 5 cases. A mean posterior translation of tibia was $3{\pm}2.3$ mm on stress lateral radiographs. Conclusion: Arthroscopic primary repair of PCL avulsion without bony fragment at the femoral attach site is one of the useful methods that reduce the posterior instability and improve the functional outcomes.