• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.21-32
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• 2009

The short-term variations of the mesozooplankton community structure were investigated in Gamak Bay during summer season, 2006. The study was based on a comprehensive survey constituting from 12 stations on June 19, July 28, August 4, and August 29, respectively. Mean of temperature and chlorophyll ${\alpha}$ concentrations in the surface layer were significantly higher than those in bottom layer, and those concentrations were significantly higher in the inner bay than those in the outer bay. A total of 40 taxa including 19 copepods were observed in Gamak Bay during summer season. Mean abundance of total mesozooplankton varied from 1,859 to 26,111 indiv. $m^{-3}$. The dominant species were Noctiluca scintillans, Penilia avirostris, Evadne tergestina, Paracalanus parvus s. 1., Acartia omorii and Cirriped nauplii and cyprii in Gamak Bay, and they contributed 90% of mean abundance of total mesozooplankton. Noctiluca scintillans was high after the rainfall. Cluster analysis showed that the mesozooplankton community could be divided into 4 distinct groups, indicating rapid change of the community in the short-term of this survey. The relative contribution of each group of the N. scintillans, P. avirostris, E. tergestina, and P. parvus s. 1. showed differences during the phytoplankton bloom period. The mesozooplankton community compositions were highly associated with water temperature, and salinity in physical conditions, and food organisms affect short-term variations in mesozooplankton composition. Interestingly, protozoa N. scintillans, and Cladocera appeared to be one of the key organisms to extinguish the phytoplankton bloom. Therefore, this study suggests that N. scintillans, and Cladocera could be a key player to control the mesozooplankton community structure during summer season, 2006.

• Advances in pediatric surgery
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.24-31
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• 2006

Hereditary pancreatitis (HP) appears as an autosomal dominant trait. If the patient has (1) more than 2 affected relatives in different generations and (2) no known etiological factors such as alcohol or gallstones, or has R122H or N29I mutation in the cationic trypsinogen (CT) gene, the diagnosis of HP can be applied. Risk of pancreatic cancer is estimated to be 53-fold higher than in a general population after the age of 50 years. We report a kindredof HP, involving three of its family together; two siblings (14 years old, 13 years old) and cousin (26 years old). The patient had complicating chronic pancreatitis and pancreatic stone, and was treated with amodified Puestow-Gillesby procedure. Her sisters showed chronic pancreatitis. Her cousin underwent a drainage procedure of the pancreatic duct for chronic pancreatitis during the high school period. All the three members showed the R122H mutation of the CT gene.

• Journal of Environmental Health Sciences
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• v.31 no.5 s.86
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• pp.387-397
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• 2005

In oder to understand the deposition possibility of water-soluble inorganic ions in the atmospheric fine particulates for the human respiratory tract, the mass size distribution of ion species was measured using an Anderson sampler in the Iksan during fall, 2004. Samples were analyzed for major water-soluble ions using Dionex DX-100 ion chromatograph. The size distribution of water-soluble inorganic ions in the atmospheric particulates appeared bimodal distribution, which were divided around $1-2{\mu}m$ into two groups. Mass site distribution of total ion in the coarse mode was found to be almost similar level during the sampling period, but fluctuations of mass size distribution in the fine mode were observed. Considering the mass size distribution of total ion concentrations for the respiratory deposition region, it was found that about 77.1% of total tons could be deposited in the alveolar region, and which dominated the daily variation of total ion concentrations. The concentration of total ions, which could be deposited in both the head region and the tracheobronchial region, was $3.95{\mu}g/m^3$, whereas that in the alveolar rerion was $13.28{\mu}g/m^3$. Dominant ions which could be deposited in the alveolar region were ${NO_3}{^-},\;{SO_4}^{2-}\;and\;{NH_4{^+}$, accounting for about 40%, 27% and 22% of the total ions, respectively. Although $K^+$ was approximately 3% of total ions, it was shown that most of this could be deposited in the alveolar region due to its high fraction of small size distribution originated from anthropogenic source of biomass burning. The presence of these ions in the fine mode may be of public health significance as they are very biologically harmful to health and have a high probability of being deposited in human lung tissue.

• Physical Therapy Korea
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• v.8 no.3
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• pp.43-52
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• 2001

This study was designed to determine the effect of ankle taping and short period of walking on the treadmill on the range of motion (ROM) and proprioception at the ankle joint. Twenty healthy male subjects (mean age=24.2 yr) participated in this study. Goniometry and videotape replaying method were used to measure the ankle ROM. Passive sagittal and frontal plane motions were measured. The difference in degree between the stimulus point and the reproduced point was defined as an angular error. The measurements were performed at four different phases: pre-taping (PRT), post-taping immediately (POT), post-5 minute walking with taping (P5M), and post-10 minute walking with taping (P10M). The ankle of dominant limb was taped by a certified athletic trainer using a closed basket weave technique. Participants walked on the treadmill at 2.5 mph. The results showed that the mean of the sagittal plane motion at PRT, POT, P5M, and P10M was 53.0, 30.5, 36.2, and 40.2 degrees, respectively. The frontal plane motion at PRT, POT, P5M, and P10M was 33.6, 13.9, 15.7, and 18.6 degrees, respectively. The angular error at PRT, POT, P5M, and P10M was 5.5, 1.6, 1.8, and 1.9 degrees, respectively. After 10 minutes of walking, the sagittal plane motion and frontal plane motion was increased by 9.7 and 4.7 degrees compared with POT, respectively. The proprioception was significantly improved after the application of ankle taping. Both the restriction of frontal plane motion and proprioception improvement at the ankle joint may contribute to ankle stability during walking.

• The Journal of Korean Medical History
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• v.31 no.1
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• pp.13-22
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• 2018

Understanding the purpose and results of a Korean Envoy's medical bureaucrat (attendant) travel to China. Unlike other Envoy's medical bureaucrats, envoy's trade made profits for those who participated. This article investigates the protocols of a Korean Envoy's medical attendant which include: (1) A prominent family member or high-ranking official does not participate in the Envoy's medical bureaucrat, either himself or his descendants. This denies the general theory that the medicinal material trade helped the economic status of medical officials. (2) Envoy's medical bureaucrat is a high percentage of interpreter bureaucrat in the households of father, mother, and wife. This suggests that the information about the envoy schedule and the benefit of the envoy may have been exposed in advance. This is related to the fact that the interpreter bureaucrat is the center of the envoy trade. (3) In the nineteenth century, envoy's medical bureaucrats were more frequent among close relatives, such as father-son relationship, than in the previous century. This study restored the lineage and purpose to the medical bureaucrat's travel to China, and provides a list of Envoy's medical bureaucrat through historical data, and analyzed the household and previous office. In this regard, it can be seen that some households, which are not dominant medical bureaucracies, have pursued profit through medicinal material trade. However, it is difficult to generalize to the whole of the medical bureaucracy.

• ALGAE
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• v.32 no.4
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• pp.325-336
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• 2017

Intertidal community recovery and resilience were investigated with quantitative and qualitative perspectives as a function of disturbance timing. The study was conducted in a lower intertidal rock bed of the southern coast of South Korea. Six replicates of artificial disturbance of a $50cm{\times}50cm$ area were made by clearing all visible organisms on the rocky substrate in four seasons. Each of the seasonally cleared plots was monitored until the percent cover data reached the control plot level. There was a significant difference among disturbance timing during the recovery process in terms of speed and community components. After disturbances occurred, Ulva pertusa selectively preoccupied empty spaces quickly (in 2-4 months) and strongly (50-90%) in all plots except for the summer plots where non-Ulva species dominated throughout the recovery period. U. pertusa acted as a very important biological variable that determined the quantitative and qualitative recovery capability of a community. The qualitative recovery of communities was rapid in summer plots where U. pertusa did not recruit and the community recovery rate was the lowest in winter plots where U. pertusa was highly recruited with a long duration of distribution. In this study, U. pertusa was a pioneer species while being a dominant species and acted as a clearly negative element in the process of qualitative recovery after disturbance. However, the negative effect of U. pertusa did not occur in summer plots, indicating that disturbance timing should be considered as a parameter in understanding intertidal community resilience in temperate regions with four distinct seasons.

• Journal of Genetic Medicine
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.113-116
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• 2013

Alexander disease is a rare degenerative leukodystrophy caused by dominant mutations in glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP). The neonatal form of Alexander disease may manifest as frequent and intractable seizures or obstructive hydrocephalus, with rapid progression leading to severe disability or death within two years. We report a case of a 50-day-old male who presented with intractable seizures and obstructive hydrocephalus. His initial magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) suggested a tumor-like lesion in the tectal area causing obstructive hydrocephalus. Despite endoscopic third ventriculostomy and multiple administrations of antiepileptic drugs, the patient experienced intractable seizures with rapid deterioration of his clinical status. After reviewing serial brain MRI scans, Alexander disease was suspected. Subsequently, we confirmed the de novo missense mutation in GFAP (c.1096T>C, Y366H). Although the onset was slightly delayed from the neonatal period (50 days old), we concluded that the overall clinical features were consistent with the neonatal form of Alexander disease. Furthermore, we also suspected that a Y366 residue might be closely linked to the neonatal form of Alexander disease based on a literature review.

• 한국해양학회지
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.1-7
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• 1990

Seawater temperature, salinity, inorganic nutrients and the standing crop of phytoplankton species of the 841 water samples from the upper 125 m at 15-40 stations on the 6 semiannual cruises in the southwestern waters of the East Sea (Korea) were studied during the period from September, 1981 to October, 1984, Among the 235 taxa identified two pennate diatioms, cylindrotheca closterium and Nitzschia delicatissima, were the most common and dominant species. The multiple regression analyses between net phytoplankton abundance (dependent variable) and associated environmental factors(independent variables) were applied to the samples from the surface mixed-layer. In spring the coefficients for the seawater temperature was 1. to 4.2 times greater than those for salinity, while the coefficients for the salinity was 2.1 to 3.4 times greater than those for seawater temperature in autumn. Distribution seawater temperature in spring, and salinity in autumn. Schematically the zone of high standing crops moved about on the T-S diagram in a cyclic manner. The distribution of phytoplankton standing crop was quite closely associated with the hydrographic conditions among various kinds of environmental factors studied.

• Korean Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• v.38 no.3 s.113
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• pp.297-303
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• 2005

The analysis of fish community structure in the Peace Dam, Korea, was investigated from April 2003 to September 2004. Eight families and 31 species were collected during the period surveyed. Korean endemic species were 13 and the relative abundance was 41.9% of the total, along with Hemibarbus mylodon, Acheilognathus yamatsutae and Coreoleuciscus splendidus. Dominant was Hemibarbus labeo (14.1%) and subdominant species was Zacco temmincki (13.7%). Also, Z. platypus (11.9%), H. longirostris (9.3%), and Siniperca scherzeri (8.1%), were numerous. The biomass of collected fishes were H. labeo (24,278 g), S. scherzeri (19,487 g), Anguilla japonica (10,400 g), Cyprinus carpio (8,418 g), and Carassius auratus (4,020 g), According to the community analyses, the artificial reservoir with in the Bukhan River system were divided into 2 groups by unweighted pair-group method analysis (UPGMA), and it revealed that the community structure in Peace Dam was similar to those in Soyang and Paro Reservoirs.

• Smart Structures and Systems
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.231-246
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• 2017

A recent work by the authors has demonstrated the feasibility of scour evaluation for Kao-Ping-Hsi Cable-Stayed Bridge simply based on ambient vibration measurements. To further attain the goal of scour monitoring, a key challenge comes from the interference of several environmental factors that may also significantly alter the pier frequencies without the change of scour depth. Consequently, this study attempts to investigate the variation in certain modal frequencies of this bridge induced by several environmental factors. Four sets of pier vibration measurements were taken either during the season of plum rains, under regular summer days without rain, or in a period of typhoon. These signals are analyzed with the stochastic subspace identification and empirical mode decomposition techniques. The variations of the identified modal frequencies are then compared with those of the corresponding traffic load, air temperature, and water level. Comparison of the analyzed results elucidates that both the traffic load and the environmental temperature are negatively correlated with the bridge frequencies. However, the traffic load is clearly a more dominant factor to alternate the identified bridge deck frequency than the environmental temperature. The pier modes are also influenced by the passing traffic on the bridge deck, even though with a weaker correlation. In addition, the variation of air temperature follows a similar tendency as that of the passing traffic, but its effect on changing the bridge frequencies is obviously not as significant. As for the effect from the alternation of water level, it is observed that the frequency baselines of the pier modes may positively correlate with the water level during the seasons of plum rains and typhoon.