• 한국환경생태학회지
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• 제27권3호
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• pp.344-356
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• 2013

본 연구는 관악산 산림의 식물군집동태를 22년간(1972~1993년) 모니터링 한 연구의 연속된 연구이다. 이에 도시환경변화에 따른 관악산 산림의 식생구조 변화실태를 분석하여 향후 도시림 관리의 기초자료를 제공하고자 하였다. 지난 39년간(1972~2010년) 평균기온은 약 $1.1{\sim}1.7^{\circ}C$ 이상 상승하였고, 토양 산성화(pH $5.40{\rightarrow}4.50$)와 $K^+$($0.67{\rightarrow}0.25$), $Ca^{{+}{+}}$($3.20{\rightarrow}0.87$) 함량의 감소경향이 뚜렷하였다. DCA에 의하여 분류된 군집유형의 상대우점치와 흉고직경급별 분석결과 추정되는 천이경향은 39년간 신갈나무에서 멈춰 있었고, 향후 천이계열은 신갈나무에서 유지되거나 소나무${\rightarrow}$신갈나무, 상수리나무${\rightarrow}$졸참나무로 예측되었다. 관악산 산림에 생육하는 수목의 규격은 증가하였지만 종수 및 개체수는 39년간 감소하는 경향을 보였으며, 도시환경 변화 지표종인 때죽나무와 팥배나무의 세력은 지속적으로 증가하였다. 지난 39년간의 토양 산성화, $K^+$, $Ca^{{+}{+}}$, $Mg^{{+}{+}}$ 감소가 도시 외곽 도시림인 관악산 식생구조의 쇠퇴에 영향을 미친 것으로 나타났다.

• 한국환경복원기술학회지
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• 제5권6호
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• pp.72-85
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• 2002

This study was conducted to investigate the germination rates and ground coverage rates of the 16 native wild flower, herbaceous, shrub and woody plants according to temperature and seeding timing for the revegetation and rehabilitation of the roadside slopes. Also, this study was conducted to suggest design criteria to select revegetation plants and to decide proper seed mixture for ecological restoration of the disturbed manmade slopes as a environmentally friendly construction. The results are summarized as follows. 1. Most of the plants germinated after 10~14 days. Woody plants germinated more slowly than wild flowers and herbaceous plants because of the hard seed. 2. Most of the plants showed the highest percentage of the germination rates under $15/25^{\circ}C$ temperature. The next was in order of under the $20/30^{\circ}C$ temperature, normal temperature(October) and $25/35^{\circ}C$ temperature. 3. At the chamber experiment, the Sorbaria sorbifolia var. stellipila showed the highest germination rates. Most of the native wild flowers germinated well and showed high germination rates under the various temperature. 4. As the field germination experiments, the seeding at August shows higher germination rates than that of the seeding at September, but showed lower surviving percentage of the germinated seedlings and lower ground coverage percentage than those of the seeding at September. After one year, Chionanthus retusus, Acer palmatum, Albizzia julibrissin are germinated and showed 10% coverage rates. So, they can be used as revegetation plants for the restoration works. 5. As seed mixture experiment, it was not effective only to increase the proportion of the ratio of the tree seeds, relatively high price, for making woody vegetation. It would be more successful to make vegetation structure by natural competition among wild flowers, shrubs and trees. 6. The excessive dominance of trees in revegetation works may destroy the lower layer of vegetation and it will be undesirable on the species diversity. It is more important to recover the species diversity of the plant community by seed mixture with the considering the germination, the growth characteristics and the correlation effect among revegetation plants. 7. To recover the manmade slopes quickly, increasing the ratio of the wild flower was recommended.

• 한국환경복원기술학회지
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• 제10권4호
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• pp.70-82
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• 2007

Aiming at nature's early restoring needs to select plant species harmonizing with surrounding environment that fits to restoring goal of ultimately aiming at woody plants dominant vegetation that protect and stabilize surface parts of bared slopes. And it is important to make it assimilated with surrounding natural vegetation by differentiating planning of seed mixtures. Natural Ecological Restoring Construction Methods (JSB Method) was developed to increase the effect of landscape change according to seasons not to simple hydro-seeding by reducing rate of foreign grasses while raising rate of wild flower using. It was considered that using wild flowers that bloom on each season solved the problems of slope landscapes that looks artificial and uninteresting. After researching environmental condition of the slopes, JSB Method has shown that, as of wet-type method, soil is relatively soft and the difference of thickness of plant base soil media affects on the difference of soil hardness. In case of soil hardness of 8.8~17mm, there's dangerousness of slope's collapsing, but it has shown that growth of plant was favorable. For the acidity of soil, most of them are in the type of neutralized soil of more than pH 6. And after analyzing the degree of woody plants dominance, it had shown that lower part was occupied with wild flowers and other herbaceous species like China pin, golden phesant mum, pitcher plant, and middle and upper part was occupied with woody plants like silk-tree, sumac forming multi-layer structure. It can be concluded that the restoration objects of the woody plant vegetation on the roadside slopes can be accomplished successfully by Natural Ecological Restoring Construction Method (JSB method).

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제31권5호
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• pp.738-747
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• 2018

Objective: In a previous study, analysis of Illumina sequenced metagenomic DNA data of bacteria in Vietnamese goats' rumen showed a high diversity of putative lignocellulolytic genes. In this study, taxonomy speculation of microbial community and lignocellulolytic bacteria population in the rumen was conducted to elucidate a role of bacterial structure for effective degradation of plant materials. Methods: The metagenomic data had been subjected into Basic Local Alignment Search Tool (BLASTX) algorithm and the National Center for Biotechnology Information non-redundant sequence database. Here the BLASTX hits were further processed by the Metagenome Analyzer program to statistically analyze the abundance of taxa. Results: Microbial community in the rumen is defined by dominance of Bacteroidetes compared to Firmicutes. The ratio of Firmicutes versus Bacteroidetes was 0.36:1. An abundance of Synergistetes was uniquely identified in the goat microbiome may be formed by host genotype. With regard to bacterial lignocellulose degraders, the ratio of lignocellulolytic genes affiliated with Firmicutes compared to the genes linked to Bacteroidetes was 0.11:1, in which the genes encoding putative hemicellulases, carbohydrate esterases, polysaccharide lyases originated from Bacteroidetes were 14 to 20 times higher than from Firmicutes. Firmicutes seem to possess more cellulose hydrolysis capacity showing a Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes ratio of 0.35:1. Analysis of lignocellulolytic potential degraders shows that four species belonged to Bacteroidetes phylum, while two species belonged to Firmicutes phylum harbouring at least 12 different catalytic domains for all lignocellulose pretreatment, cellulose, as well as hemicellulose saccharification. Conclusion: Based on these findings, we speculate that increasing the members of Bacteroidetes to keep a low ratio of Firmicutes versus Bacteroidetes in goat rumen has resulted most likely in an increased lignocellulose digestion.

• 한국환경복원기술학회지
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• 제19권6호
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• pp.87-100
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• 2016

This research was performed for the purpose of providing useful and base data and preservation strategy of growth characteristics of Rhododendron micranthum. From the result of research, wild growth area of Rhododendron micranthum was discovered near steep forest road on 695~901m in altitude above sea level of Baekdu-daegan National Arboretum. Vegetation colony structure of Site I was resulted in Pinus densiflora(tree stratum M.I.P.=45.3%) is dominants, Betula schmidtii(arborescent M.I.P.=9.8%) is second dominant, and Site III resulted in Pinus densiflora(tree stratum M.I.P.=30.5%) is dominants, Betula schmidtii(arborescent M.I.P.=10.3%) is second dominant. Site II resulted in Betula schmidtii(arborescent M.I.P.=30.4%) is dominants and Pinus densiflora tree(tree stratum M.I.P.=8.3%) is second dominants. For herbs, it was researched that the rate of one year herb of chrysanthemum family(10), rice family(3), sedge(2) was higher than near forest area. Among Species diversity index, that of Shannon was in range of 0.7348~1.1090. After comparing this with similar area, this value was relatively low. Dominance analysis result was analyzed that various groups are evenly distributed. Monthly highest average temperature is $23.9^{\circ}$ in Site A and Site B, and monthly lowest average temperature is $-4.5^{\circ}C$ in Site I and $-4.7^{\circ}C$ in Site II. Monthly maximum average humidity is 85.6% in Site I and 83.2% in Site II. Monthly minimum average humidity is 60.9% in Site I and 60.8% in Site II and it showed that these 2 area are located far away but have similar temperature and humidity characteristic and climate environment is similar. It was analyzed that humidity is high with the result of annual average humidity is over 60%. In growth characteristic, it showed that doubt damage of Stephanitis pyrioides, exposure of roots, peeled bark was discovered and supplement on this is urgent.

• 한국습지학회지
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• 제18권2호
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• pp.113-120
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• 2016

본 연구는 민간인통제구역에 건설된 제방으로 인한 생태계 분절이 양서류 서식지에 미치는 영향을 알아보기 위해 수행되었다. 이를 위해 제방 한편에 두 논(사이트 1, 2)과 제방 옆을 지나는 수내천(사이트 3), 그리고 제방 다른 편의 관개수로가 위치한 논(사이트 4)에 대해 7개월간에 걸쳐 조사를 실시하였다. 조사 결과, 주로 논과 수변지역에 많이 서식하는 참개구리(295개체), 청구개리(n=220개체), 옴개구리(124개체)가 주로 발견되었고 한국산 개구리(8개체)와 두꺼비(3개체)도 일부 확인되었다. 이 양서류들은 계절에 따른 물 공급 상황의 변화에 따라 논과 하천 지역에서 양적 변화를 보여 사이트 1,2,3에서 두드러지게 나타났으나 제방 반대편의 사이트 4에서는 풍부한 수자원에도 불구하고 양적 변화가 적은 것으로 나타났다. 가뭄철 수내천에 물이 말라 이 지역 개구리들이 현저히 감소했을 때에도 물이 풍부하고 거리가 비슷한 제방 건너편의 사이트 4보다는 제방 같은 편의 사이트 1, 2 지역에서 다수의 개구리들의 존재가 확인되었다.

• 생태와환경
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• 제38권3호통권113호
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• pp.313-321
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• 2005

남조 대발생을 제어하기 위한 생물제재의 처리가 수중 생태계에 미치는 영향을 파악하는 연구의 일환으로, 살조세균 처리이후 증가된 용존성 microcystin-LR (MCLR)이 식물플랑크톤 군집의 종조성 및 현존량, 그리고 조류독소 분포에 어떠한 영향을 주는 지를 파악하기 위하여, MCLR standard를 성격이 다른 3가지 현장수를 넣은 시험관에 대조군, 현장 농도의 10배, 100배 씩 처리하고 식물플랑크톤 생물량, 엽록소 a,환경요인, 독소량 등의 변화를 각각 조사하였다. 규조 Stephanodiscus hantzschii가 압도적으로 우점하였던 천호대교에서는 독소처리이후 현존량은 점차 감소하였으며 종조성은 크게 변하지 않았으며, 규조 Aluacoseira와 황색편모조 Dinobryon이 우점한 길동생태공원에서는 현존량이 크게 감소한 반면, 고농도 처리에서는 녹조 Scenedesmus가 크게 발달하였다. 남조류와 용존성 MCLR 농도가 가장 높았던 양수리 육각지에서는 남조 M. aeruginosa 감소 및 총 현존량의 감소가 일어났다. 이상의 결과는 생물제재 처리이후 남조 M. aeruginosa 사멸에 따른 용존성 독소의 증가가 수중내 식물플랑크톤 군집의 종조성 및 현존량 변화를 더욱 심화시키는 것으로 밝혀졌다.

• 환경생물
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• 제28권1호
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• pp.30-39
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• 2010

남해안 고흥, 해남, 완도, 보길도지역에 분포하는 황칠나무개체군 생육지의 군락구조와 종조성, 그리고 입지환경 등을 조사하였으며, 자생지의 기상요인을 분석하여 생육가능지역을 추정하였다. 황칠나무군락은 종조성의 차이에 의해 구실잣밤나무군과 서어나무군으로 구분되었다. 상대기여도에 의한 우점도값은 전체적으로 동백나무(100.0), 붉가시나무(88.6), 구실잣밤나무(55.8), 황칠나무(41.4), 마삭줄(23.8), 사스레피나무 (19.9), 광나무(11.5) 등 상록활엽수의 분포가 높게 나타났다. 개체군 분포는 서어나무군이 흉고직경 5 cm 미만의 개체가 전체의 94.2%로 구실잣밤나무군(54.2%)에 비하여 대부분 소경목과 유목의 개체로 구성되어 있었다. 생육지의 토양환경은 약산성의 토양산도, 유기물과 토양함수량이 양호하며 배수성이 좋은 지역인 것으로 나타났다. 생육지의 분포 범위는 대체로 연평균기온이 $13^{\circ}C$ 이상, 일 최저기온이 $7.4^{\circ}C$ 이상, 온량지수(WI) $100^{\circ}C{\cdot}month$ 이상, 그리고 연강수량은 1,344 mm 내외로서 우리나라 서남부 도서와 해안에 인접한 상록활엽수림대 지역들이 해당되는 것으로 분석되었다. 황칠나무의 자연생육지에서 확인된 연평균기온 $13^{\circ}C$를 토대로 한 생육가능 등치선은 군산-정읍-광주-진주-포항-영덕을 잇는 선으로 나타났다.

• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제25권1호
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• pp.57-65
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• 2016

This study's purpose was to provide basic data for the monitoring of ecological changes caused by change of vegetation structure of Abies koreana forest in a study site susceptible to climatic change in Yeongsil area of Hallasan Mountain, Jeju Island. Surveys revealed this: in Yeongsil area of Hallasan Mountain, per 1 ha of A. koreana forests, total number 1,781, and A. koreana number 989, accounting for 55.5% of the total number of trees. 190 A. koreana or 19.2% were found to be dead. For the number of individual trees by DBH, trees standing 5 cm - 10 cm tall formed the largest portion at 39.9%, and in the case of other trees except A. koreana, the number of individual trees below 5 cm accounted for 23.5% of the total number of trees. The survey of importance by height revealed this: at the top level, the importance of A. koreana was the highest at 106.23, but the sum of importance of temperate deciduous broad-leaved trees (Prunus maximowiczii, Quercus mongolica, and Taxus cuspidata) was higher at 142.84 than that of A. koreana. The analysis of species diversity revealed 0.645 species diversity for the tree layer and 0.817 for the shrub layer; for evenness, 0.549 for the tree layer and 0.664 for the shrub layer; for dominance value; 0.451 for the tree layer and 0.336 for the shrub layer. The analysis of tree vitality revealed that for the A. koreana forests in Yeongsil, the composition ratio of A. koreana by type is AS type>AL type>DS type>DB type, and that of the other trees is AL type>AS type>AF type>AB type. Compared with the forests in other areas, the A. koreana forests in the Yeongsil area have a very high occurrence rate of dead trees, and a high importance of trees is shown in the deciduous broad-leaved tree forests. Compared with the A. koreana forests in the Jindallaebat area, with the same level above sea, the vegetation structures are fast changing. Also, due to dryness and other non-physical environmental changes caused by a lack of rainwater and dry winds in winter, dead trees are fast increasing in number. Environmental changes such as climate change diversely affect the maintenance of A. koreana in individual areas, and if environmental changes are fast and continue long, of the A. koreana forest areas in the Hallasan Mountain, the A. koreana forests in the Yeongsil area will decrease fastest in number and will experience changes in the vegetation structure. Thus, it is necessary to survey the vegetation changes in A. koreana forests, which are distributed in all directions but are centered on Hallasan Mountain, and to thus conduct long-term monitoring and research.

• 대한토목학회논문집
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• 제32권5B호
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• pp.331-343
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• 2012

본 연구는 홍천강과 홍천강 지류인 오안천을 포함한 총 15 km 구간에서의 어류 중심의 현장조사를 수행하고, 조사된 결과를 이용하여 수생태 건강성을 평가하였다. 현장 조사 지점은 각 교량을 중심으로 총 9개 지점에서 8-11월 사이 4회 조사가 이루어졌다. 각 지점별로 조사된 어류 데이터를 이용하여 우점도, 균등도 및 풍부도 등의 생물다양도를 산정하였으며, IBI 및 QHEI를 이용한 수생태 건강성을 평가하였다. 그 결과 홍천강 대상구간 전체에 대한 IBI는 양호-보통 상태를 보이는 것으로 나타났으며, 도심구간에서는 보통-악화 상태를 갖는 것으로 나타났다. 한편, QHEI를 이용한 평가 결과, 최적-양호를 보였다. 또한, 멸종위기종인 가는돌고기를 이용하여 서식처적합도지수를 산정하고, PHABSIM 모형을 이용하여 생태유량을 산정하였다. 기존 문헌에서는 홍천강에서 멸종위기종인 묵납자루가 서식하는 것으로 보고되었으나, 최근의 연구 및 본 연구에서는 묵납자루의 서식이 확인되지 않았다. 따라서 기존 연구에서 조사된 결과를 이용하여 묵납자루 서식을 위한 물리적 서식처 범위를 산정하고, 홍천강에서 묵납자루 서식처 개선 방안을 고찰하였다.