• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• v.51 no.2
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• pp.163-170
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• 2009

Colostrum provide a complete diet for the newborn calves. In ruminants, colostrum is also the sole source of initial acquired immunity for the offspring. Colostrum, therefore, plays an important role in ruminants host defense. Bovine colostrum imparts passive immunity to newborn calves during the first 24h of life and generally has been fed for the first 3 days after birth. Colostrum can be preserved conveniently for future use by brief refrigeration, freezing, or storage at ambient temperatures (fermentation or chemical treatment). Colostrum management were surveyed via data collection from 67 dairy farms in Gyeonggi and Chungnam provinces. After parturition for five days the total amount of produced colostrum was 80.4 kg on average, and the average amount of lactation fed to a calf was 20.9 kg. According to the survey results, identified treatment methods for surplus colostrum are as follows; disposal 17.9%, other calf feeding 37.3%, storage 22.4%, other livestock feeding 20.9% and other treatment 1.5%. For improvement in the quality of colostrum, there must be controlled usage of medicines (such as antibiotics) before and after parturition, proper choices of milk-drying agents, and increased milking yields during the early stage of the milking period.

• Korean Journal of Organic Agriculture
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.93-108
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• 2007

In order to find a solution to protect pigs from bacterial diarrhea and the nasty smell in stalls which are the most trouble, we composed a bio-formula with Stretococcus thermophilus, Bacillus amyloliquifaciens and Bacillu subtilis. The antagonistic microbe Bacillus amyloliquifaciens can control the growth of Salmonella typhimurium KCTC 1926, Escherichia coli O-157, Listeria and Staphylococcus. S. thermophilus from pig's stomach can live in gastric juice so it also control germs. They worked in its living cell state and its culture fluid. As a result of feeding with piglings, it showed effects of preventing diarrhea and increasing the weight.

• The Journal of Korean Obstetrics and Gynecology
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• v.31 no.4
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• pp.128-146
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• 2018

Objectives: This study was performed to analyze the prescriptions of Korean herbal medicine which had been commonly used during postpartum period. Methods: We searched literature on postpartum cares with Korean Herbal medicine in 4 domestic search engines. After that, we conducted eligibility screening based on inclusion and exclusion criteria. Results: 1. We selected total 48 studies. There were 40 clinical studies (25 case reports and 15 case series) and 8 animal experimental studies. 2. Of the 40 clinical studies, other treatments were used together with herbal medicine : acupuncture (28), chuna manipulation (3), and pharmacopuncture (5). 3. Of the 25 case reports, the most common symptoms were musculoskeletal symptoms (8), followed by mental disorders including postpartum depression (5). Various prescriptions of herbal medicine were used depending on the diseases or symptoms. 4. In 15 case series, 665 subjects in 11 case series had taken Saenghwa-tang-gagam within 1~2 weeks after childbirth, and the average duration of Saenghwa-tang-gagam administration were $9{\pm}4.97$ days. 498 subjects in 9 studies were breast-feeding, and there were no side effects reported. 5. All experimental studies were about the recovery, the immunity and the breast-feeding associated puerperal characteristics. Also, 3 studies used Saenghwa-tang as an intervention. Conclusions: Saenghwa-tang can be commonly used for the purpose of prevention and care of the postpartum symptoms within the first 1~2 weeks after childbirth for 10 days. Also, various prescriptions of herbal medicine may be used depending on the diseases or symptoms, and can be conducted with other treatments like acupuncture, cupping, moxibustion, pharmacopuncture and chuna manipulation.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.31 no.1
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• pp.31-35
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• 2014

As with humans, overweight or obesity is a major health concern in the companion animal population. A cross-sectional questionnaire-based survey of dog owners attending primary small animal veterinary practices from different areas in Chuncheon, Kangwon province, Korea was undertaken to explore the relationships between socioeconomic and other relevant risk factors associated with canine obesity. In addition, the author was to estimate the prevalence of obesity compared to published literatures for dogs. Owners were asked about dog age, neuter status, feeding habits, dog exercise, household income and owner age. The body condition score (BCS) of the dogs was also assessed. Multivariable binary logistic regression was used to assess the association between BCS and potential risk factors controlling for confounding variables, using odds ratios (OR), 95% confidence intervals (CIs). A total of 275 dogs (136 males and 139 females) aged 1-12 years (mean age $5.6{\pm}3.7$ years) were surveyed in 2013. Of these, 46.9% of dogs (n = 129) were classed as an ideal body shape (BCS = 3), 30.9% (n = 85) were overweight (BCS = 4), 8.4% (n = 23) were obese (BCS = 5) and 13.8% (n = 38) were underweight (BCS = 1 or 2). Neutered males and spayed females had the highest prevalence of obesity (43.4% and 33.9%); intact females had the lowest prevalence of obesity (31.6%). In univariable model, risk factors associated with canine obesity are multifactorial and include owner income, owner age, age of dog, neuter status, frequency of feeding per day, frequency of snacks and consultation with veterinarian on dog's weight. In final multivariable logistic regression model, dogs whose owners reported no consultation with veterinarians for weight management were significantly more likely to be obesity than ideal (OR = 7.6, 95% CI, 4.2-13.8; p < 0.0001). This study showed a high prevalence of obesity in domestic companion dogs. Since this was a cross-sectional study with small samples, the association of canine obesity with risk factors warrants more research. To the author's best knowledge, this is the first Korean study on dog body condition and obesity.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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• v.30 no.1
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• pp.77-88
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• 2010

In order to ensure good animal health and performance, it is essential to produce forages with high feeding value and good hygienic quality. However, huge amounts of forages consumed by ruminants are contaminated with mold prior to harvest or during storage as hay, straw or silage. These mold can grow in forages only when nutrients are available, correct temperature exist, oxygen is present, and unbound water is available. Fungal 'species can be divided into two groups: field fungi and storage fungi. Field fungi invade the forages while the crop is still in the field, require high moisture conditions, and are such as species of Fusarium, Alternaria, Clodosporium, Diplodia, Gibberrella and Helminthosporium. Storage fungi invade forages during storage and need less moisture than field fungi. These such as species of Aspergillus and Penicillium usually do not occur any problem before harvest. Mold growth can spoil the nutritional aspects of the forages and also results in secondary metabolites that are highly toxic to animal, humans and plants. Moldy feeds are less palatable and may reduce dry matter intake. This, in turn, leads to a reduction of nutrition intake, reducing weight gains or milk production. Performance losses of 5 to 10 percent are typical with moldy feeds. Mycotoxins are toxic substances produced by fungi (molds) growing on crops in the field or storages. While greater than 400 mycotoxins have been chemically identified, the biological or veterinary medical impact of only several mycotoxins is known. Mycotoxins have attracted considerable attention as potential causes for poor performance and health disorders in domestic livestock. They can be carcinogenic, hepatotoxic, hematotoxic, immunosuppressive, estrogenic, or mutagenic. So, feeding moldy forages has adverse effects on animal health and milk consumers. Also, this author reported that rice straw hay was contaminated mycotoxigenic fungi such as Penicillium roqueforti and Fusarium culmorum in Korea. Therefore, it is an urgent need to develop an improved post harvest storage method to reduce nutrient loss and mycotoxin contamination of forages, which will have a positive impact on human health.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.13 no.7
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• pp.1026-1034
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• 2000

As described here, most recently developed methods for improving reproduction performance of domesticated animals such as cattle, swine and chicken have been considered to be also usable for restoring some sorts of endangered and/or extinct wild animals in the very near future. Especially, the techniques for in vitro storage of gametes obtained from dead animals shortly after the death, probably 24 h following the sacrifice are also available for obtaining some of experimental specimens. In case of the endangered animals, nobody will be allowed to use any tissues from the living animals, therefore, e.g., the use of skin tissues from these bodies is another possibility of restoring the living animals. Regarding the use of skin tissues, the most highly usable tools must be the cloning techniques for reviving rare cells from the living body. Most possible techniques for cloning cells is nuclear transfer from rare species to highly relative species, and this is the case of germ cells, e.g., primordial germ cells (PGCs) of avian species. One of the possibilities is the nuclear transfer of Crested Ibis (Nipponia nippon) to the PGCs of chicken, resulting in the PGCs with transferred nucleus from the ibis. In mammalian species, the same procedure as in the case of birds would be successful, e.g., the removed nucleus from Giant Pandas will be transferred to the cell, such as somatic cells or germ cells from black bears or lesser pandas, leading to the production of transnucleared cells in the body of female black bears. These two cases are most promising techniques for reviving endangered animals in the world, particularly in Asian countries, mainly in China. As a conclusion, possible production of cloned animals carrying transnucleared cells from endangered animals, such as Giant Pandas and Crested Ibis, may be reproduced gradually in the near future. Scientists are, therefore, required to convert the paradigm from domestic animals to wild animals, including endangered and/or extinct animals on the earth.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.20 no.7
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• pp.145-150
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• 2019

The purpose of this study was to investigate farmers' field survey to improve animal welfare certification standards and to obtain basic data on the animal welfare level for certified farmers to develop evaluation methods of animal welfare level suitable for domestic farm environment. The subjects of the study were selected 10 animal welfare laying certified farmhouses. The farming certified farming facility survey collected breeding form, head, feed and drink space, breeding density, length and shape of perch. Animal welfare was assessed by the presence of sand bath, spawning, enrichment measures, free range, feathers pecking. The results of the study showed that most the certified animal welfare laying hens complied with the certification standards. All the farms were providing the nest box, but there were farms with more than 20% of the spawning rate. The perches were provided in sufficient length, but only three of ten farms were using rounded perches. Feather damage has been identified in most survey farms, which is likely to be due to feather damage caused by roosters producing both fertilized eggs. In this study, 10 farm households were surveyed. It was not possible to represent the whole certified farmhouse. Therefore, it should be analyzed thoroughly to evaluate the level of animal welfare.

• Korean Journal of Poultry Science
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• v.35 no.4
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• pp.351-359
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• 2009

This study was carried out to investigate dietary effects of extracts of Skullcap (Scutellaria baicalensis) (SCE) grown in Korea on growth performance, immune and physiological responses in broiler chickens. Total of seven-hundred fifty 1-d-old Ross male broiler chicks were divided into five groups and fed control diets (antibiotics medicated or non-medicated commercial diets) or each experimental diet (non-medicated diets containing 0.1, 0.3 or 0.5% SCE) for 5 weeks. The body weight gain and feed conversion rate in the groups fed diets containing 0.1% or 0.3% SCE were significantly improved as compared with those of non-medicated control group (P<0.05). The levels of total cholesterol and HDL-cholesterol of blood were not influenced by feeding the SCE. The average antibody titers against NDV and IBV in the groups fed diets containing SCE were significantly increased compare to those of the control groups (P<0.05). The number of coli form bacteria was significantly reduced by feeding 0.3% or 0.5% SCE as compared to that of non-medication control (P<0.05). The results demonstrated that the SCE used in this study modulated humoral immunity and the profiles of cecal microflora and thus can be used as a potential alternative substance to replace antibiotics for feeding broiler chicks.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.31 no.7
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• pp.933-950
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• 2018

In Japan, Wagyu cattle include four Japanese breeds; Black, Brown, Shorthorn, and Polled. Today, the renowned brand name Wagyu includes not only cattle produced in Japan, but also cattle produced in countries such as Australia and the United States. In recent years, the intramuscular fat percentage in beef (longissimus muscle) from Japanese Black cattle has increased to be greater than 30%. The Japanese Black breed is genetically predisposed to producing carcass lipids containing higher concentrations of monounsaturated fatty acids than other breeds. However, there are numerous problems with the management of this breed including high production costs, disposal of untreated excrement, the requirement for imported feed, and food security risks resulting from various viral diseases introduced by imported feed. The feeding system needs to shift to one that is more efficient, and improves management for farmers, food security for consumers, and the health environment for residents of Japan. Currently, we are developing a metabolic programming and an information and communications technology (ICT, or Interne of Things) management system for Wagyu beef production as future systems. If successful, we will produce safe, high-quality Wagyu beef using domestic pasture resources while solving the problems of how to utilize increasing areas of abandoned agricultural land and to make use of the plant-based feed resources in Japan's mountainous areas.

• Food Science of Animal Resources
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• v.24 no.3
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• pp.310-318
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• 2004

Eating quality is a reflection of consumer satisfaction, while beef quality grade describes carcass characteristics of chiller assessment which are largely influenced by production systems including breeding and feeding schemes. On the other hand, it should be emphasized that high palatability of beef is a function of production and processing components including breed, nutrition, animal handling, post-slaughter intervention and cookery. Numerous efforts have been made by Korean beef industry and research institutes to deliver high quality beef with which domestic beef consumers are satisfied. However, majority of studies have tended to focus on improvement of intramuscular fat content with little attention on its effect on consumer-based eating quality. Furthermore, there is very limited accessible information(if any) on relative importance of eating characteristics (eg, tenderness, juiciness and flavor intensity) to consumer satisfactory rate and palatability grade. On this regard, our recent results indicated, for example, that when m. longissimus was prepared by a thin-slice style BBQ, relative weightings of tenderness, juiciness and flavor intensity for consumer satisfactory rate were 0.4, 0.35 and 0.25, respectively. When eating quality was graded into 4 groups by a sum of tenderness, juiciness and flavor intensity after multiplying these coefficients, consumers responded that the palatability score for high quality beef should be higher than 79 points. Based on our recent experiments, the current report is intended to highlight relative importance of eating quality characteristics on consumer satisfactory rate, and threshold of eating quality grade. In addition, post-slaughter intervention techniques such as electrical stimulation and tenderstretch are given as examples of critical control points of palatability assurance program of Hanwoo beef.