• 한국해양공학회지
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• 제30권2호
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• pp.84-90
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• 2016

In this study, a six degree-of-freedom motion analysis of a wind-wave hybrid platform equipped with numerous wave energy converters (WECs) was carried out. To examine the effect of the WECs on the platform, an analysis of one-way coupling was carried out, which only considered the power take-off (PTO) damping of the static WECs on the platform. The equation of motion of a floating platform with mooring lines in the time domain was established, and the responses of the one-way coupled platform were then compared with the case of a platform without any coupling effects from the WECs. The hydrodynamic coefficients and wave exciting forces were obtained from the 3D diffraction/radiation pre-processor code WAMIT based on the boundary element method. Then, an analysis of the dynamic responses of the floating platform with or without the WEC effect in the time domain was carried out. All of the dynamics of a floating platform with multiple wind turbines were obtained by coupling FAST and CHARM3D in the time domain, which was further extended to include additional coupled dynamics for multiple turbines. The analysis showed that the PTO damping effect on platform motions was negligible, but coupled effects between multiple WECs and the platform may differentiate the heave, roll, and pitch platform motions from the one without any effects induced by WECs.

• 대기
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• 제27권1호
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• pp.67-77
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• 2017

In this study, we analyzed the characteristics of flow around the Daeyeon automatic weather station (AWS 942) and established formulas estimating inflow wind speeds at a computational fluid dynamics (CFD) model domain for the area around Pukyong national university using a computational fluid dynamics (CFD) model. Simulated wind directions at the AWS 942 were quite similar to those of inflows, but, simulated wind speeds at the AWS 942 decreased compared to inflow wind speeds except for the northerly case. The decrease in simulated wind speed at the AWS 942 resulted from the buildings around the AWS 942. In most cases, the AWS 942 was included within the wake region behind the buildings. Wind speeds at the inflow boundaries of the CFD model domain were estimated by comparing simulated wind speeds at the AWS 942 and inflow boundaries and systematically increasing inflow wind speeds from $1m\;s^{-1}$ to $17m\;s^{-1}$ with an increment of $2m\;s^{-1}$ at the reference height for 16 inflow directions. For each inflow direction, calculated wind speeds at the AWS 942 were fitted as the third order functions of the inflow wind speed by using the Marquardt-Levenberg least square method. Estimated inflow wind speeds by the established formulas were compared to wind speeds observed at 12 coastal AWSs near the AWS 942. The results showed that the estimated wind speeds fell within the inter quartile range of wind speeds observed at 12 coastal AWSs during the nighttime and were in close proximity to the upper whiskers during the daytime (12~15 h).

• Journal of Magnetics
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• 제6권2호
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• pp.47-52
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• 2001

We present the magnetisation reversal dynamics of epitaxial Fe thin films grown on GaAs(001) and InAs(001) studied as a function of field sweep rate in the range 0.01-160 kOe/s using magneto-optic Kerr effect (MOKE). For 55 and 250 ${\AA}$ Fe/GaAs(001), we find that the hysteresis loop area A follows the scaling relation $A\propto H_{\alpha} \;with\; \alpha=0.03\sim0.05$ at low sweep rates and 0.33~0.40 at high sweep rates. For the 150${\AA}$ Fe/InAs(001) film, $\alpha$is found to be ~0.02 at low sweep rates and ~0.17 at high sweep rates. The differing values of $\alpha$ are attributed to a change of the magnetisation reversal process with increasing sweep rate. Domain wall motion dominates the magnetisation reversal at low sweep rates, but becomes less significant with increasing sweep rate. At high sweep rates, the variation of the dynamic coercivity $H_c{^*}$ is attributed to domain nucleation dominating the reversal process. The results of magnetic relaxation studies for easy-axis reversal are consistent with the sweeping of one or more walls through the entire probed region (~100$\mu m$). Domain images obtained by scanning Kerr microscopy during the easy cubic axis reversal process reveal large area domains separated by zigzag walls.

• Wind and Structures
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• 제27권6호
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• pp.381-397
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• 2018

Nonlinear behavior in fluid-structure interaction (FSI) of bridge decks becomes increasingly significant for modern bridges with increasing spans, larger flexibility and new aerodynamic deck configurations. Better understanding of the nonlinear aeroelasticity of bridge decks and further development of reduced-order nonlinear models for the aeroelastic forces become necessary. In this paper, the amplitude-dependent and neutral angle dependent nonlinearities of the motion-induced loads are further highlighted by series of computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations. An effort has been made to investigate a semi-analytical time-domain model of the nonlinear motion induced loads on the deck, which enables nonlinear time domain simulations of the aeroelastic responses of the bridge deck. First, the computational schemes used here are validated through theoretically well-known cases. Then, static aerodynamic coefficients of the Great Belt East Bridge (GBEB) cross section are evaluated at various angles of attack, leading to the so-called nonlinear backbone curves. Flutter derivatives of the bridge are identified by CFD simulations using forced harmonic motion of the cross-section with various frequencies. By varying the amplitude of the forced motion, it is observed that the identified flutter derivatives are amplitude-dependent, especially for $A^*_2$ and $H^*_2$ parameters. Another nonlinear feature is observed from the change of hysteresis loop (between angle of attack and lift/moment) when the neutral angles of the cross-section are changed. Based on the CFD results, a semi-analytical time-domain model for describing the nonlinear motion-induced loads is proposed and calibrated. This model is based on accounting for the delay effect with respect to the nonlinear backbone curve and is established in the state-space form. Reasonable agreement between the results from the semi-analytical model and CFD demonstrates the potential application of the proposed model for nonlinear aeroelastic analysis of bridge decks.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• 제14권2호
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• pp.151-170
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• 2002

Moving force identification is a very important inverse problem in structural dynamics. Most of the identification methods are eventually converted to a linear algebraic equation set. Different ways to solve the equation set may lead to solutions with completely different levels of accuracy. Based on the measured bending moment responses of the bridge made in laboratory, this paper presented the time domain method (TDM) and frequency-time domain method (FTDM) for identifying the two moving wheel loads of a vehicle moving across a bridge. Directly calculating pseudo-inverse (PI) matrix and using the singular value decomposition (SVD) technique are adopted as means for solving the over-determined system equation in the TDM and FTDM. The effects of bridge and vehicle parameters on the TDM and FTDM are also investigated. Assessment results show that the SVD technique can effectively improve identification accuracy when using the TDM and FTDM, particularly in the case of the FTDM. This improved accuracy makes the TDM and FTDM more feasible and acceptable as methods for moving force identification.

• International Journal of Naval Architecture and Ocean Engineering
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• 제11권1호
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• pp.294-306
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• 2019

On the basis of the Computational Fluid Dynamics technique (CFD) combined with the overlap grid method, this paper establishes a numerical simulation method to study the problem of ice-propeller interaction in viscous flow and carries out a simulation forecast of the hydrodynamic performance of an ice-class propeller and flow characteristics when in the proximity of milling-shape ice (i.e., an ice block with a groove cut by a high-speed revolving propeller). We use a trimmed mesh in the entire calculation domain and use the overlap grid method to transfer information between the domains of propeller rotation calculation and ice-surface computing. The grid is refined in the narrow gap between the ice and propeller to ensure the accuracy of the flow field. Comparison with the results of the experiment reveals that the error of the hydrodynamic performance is within 5%. This confirms the feasibility of the calculation method. In this paper, we calculate the exciting force of the propeller, analyze the time domain of the exciting force, and obtain the curve of the frequency domain using a Fourier transform of the time-domain curve of the exciting force. The existence of milling-shape ice before the propeller can greatly disturb the wake flow field. Unlike in open water, the propeller bearing capacity shows a downward trend in three stages, and fluctuating pressure is more disordered near the ice.

• 생명과학회지
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• 제26권3호
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• pp.282-288
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• 2016

단백질-단백질 결합은 수용체 단백질, 효소, 세포 골격 단백질의 세포내 위치 결정 및 기능 조절에 중요한 역할을 한다. Postsynaptic density-95/disks large/zonula occludens-1 (PDZ) 도메인을 가진 단백질들은 시냅스 가소성, 신경세포 성장과 분화뿐만 아니라 많은 질병의 병태생리에 중요하게 관여하는 scaffold 단백질로 작용한다. Multi-PDZ domain protein 1 (MUPP1)은 13개 PDZ 도메인을 가지는 단백질로서 세포막 수용체 군집화, 신호전달 복합체 구성, 세포 골격 조정에 대한 매개 역할을 하는 것으로 알려지고 있지만 MUPP1의 세포 내 기능은 아직 명확히 밝혀지지 않았다. 본 연구에서 MUPP1의 아미노 말단 PDZ 도메인과 결합하는 새로운 단백질을 규명하기 위하여 효모 two-hybrid 방법을 이용하였고 Wdpcp (전에 Fritz로 알려짐)이 MUPP1과 결합하는 것을 확인하였다. Wdpcp는 planar cell polarity (PCP) effector로서 세포 이동과 섬모형성에 관여하는 것으로 알려져 있다. Wdpcp는 MUPP1의 첫 번째 PDZ 도메인과 결합하지만, 다른 PDZ 도메인과는 결합하지 않았다. 또한 MUPP1와 Wdpcp의 결합에서 Wdpcp의 C-말단부위가 결합에 필수적임을 효모 two-hybrid 방법으로 확인하였다. 이러한 단백질간 결합은 glutathione S-transferase (GST) pull-down assay, 공동면역침강, HEK-293T 세포에서의 발현위치를 통하여 추가적으로 확인하였다. 이러한 결과들은, MUPP1과 Wdpcp 결합은 세포내 액틴 다이내믹스(dynamics)와 세포이동 조절에 역할을 할 가능성을 시사한다.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• 제33권3호
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• pp.933-940
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• 2012

Recently, it has been shown that quantum coherence appears in energy transfers of various photosynthetic lightharvesting complexes at from cryogenic to even room temperatures. Because the photosynthetic systems are inherently complex, these findings have subsequently interested many researchers in the field of both experiment and theory. From the theoretical part, simplified dynamics or semiclassical approaches have been widely used. In these approaches, the quantum-classical Liouville equation (QCLE) is the fundamental starting point. Toward the semiclassical scheme, approximations are needed to simplify the equations of motion of various degrees of freedom. Here, we have adopted the Poisson bracket mapping equation (PBME) as an approximate form of QCLE and applied it to find the time evolution of the excitation in a photosynthetic complex from marine algae. The benefit of using PBME is its similarity to conventional Hamiltonian dynamics. Through this, we confirmed the coherent population transfer behaviors in short time domain as previously reported with a more accurate but more time-consuming iterative linearized density matrix approach. However, we find that the site populations do not behave according to the Boltzmann law in the long time limit. We also test the effect of adding spurious high frequency vibrations to the spectral density of the bath, and find that their existence does not alter the dynamics to any significant extent as long as the associated reorganization energy is changed not too drastically. This suggests that adopting classical trajectory based ensembles in semiclassical simulations should not influence the coherence dynamics in any practical manner, even though the classical trajectories often yield spurious high frequency vibrational features in the spectral density.

• Wind and Structures
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• 제9권4호
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• pp.297-313
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• 2006

The concentration of air pollution along roads is higher than the surrounding area because ventilation efficiency has decreased due to the high-density use of space along roads in recent years. In this study, ventilation efficiency around a heavily traffic road covered by an elevated highway and hemmed in along its side by buildings is evaluated using Visitation Frequency (VF, the frequency for pollutant to return to the objective domain) and Purging Flow Rate (PFR, the air flow rate for defining the local domain-averaged concentration). These are analyzed using Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) based on the standard $k-{\varepsilon}$ model. The VF and PFR characteristics of four objective domains are analyzed in terms of the changes in wind direction and arrangements of the fencing dividing up and down direction in the road center under the elevated highway. The resulting VFs are more than 1.0 for all cases, which means that pollutants return to the objective domain restricted by the elevated highway and side buildings. The influence of the arrangement of the buildings around the objective domain and the structure in the domain on the VF is substantial. In cases where there are no obstacles under the elevated highway, the local air exchange rate in the domain tends to be improved. Using these indices, the urban ventilation efficiencies between different urban areas can be compared easily.

• 대한수학회논문집
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• 제18권3호
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• pp.569-580
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• 2003

The Lotka-McKendrick equation which describes the evolution of a single population under the phenomenological conditions is developed from the well-known Malthus’model. In this paper, we introduce the Lotka-McKendrick equation for the description of the dynamics of a population. We apply a discontinuous Galerkin finite element method in age-time domain to approximate the solution of the system. We provide some numerical results. It is experimentally shown that, when the mortality function is bounded, the scheme converges at the rate of $h^2$ in the case of piecewise linear polynomial space. It is also shown that the scheme converges at the rate of $h^{3/2}$ when the mortality function is unbounded.