• Journal of Marine Bioscience and Biotechnology
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• v.1 no.2
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• pp.105-118
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• 2006

Isolation and Identification of fatty acid and volatile compounds in tuna fish oil were successfully carried out using supercritical carbon dioxide. Samples of the oil were extracted in a 56 ml semi-batch stainless steel vessel under conditions which ranged from 80 to 200 bar and 40 to $60^{\circ}C$ with carbon dioxide flows from 10 ml/min. Volatiles in the oil extracted from the samples with supercritical carbon dioxide were analyzed by gas chromatography, mass detector with canister system. The extracts were contained with various fatty acids, 57.0% of unsaturated fatty acids such as docosahexaenoic acid(DHA) and eicosapentaenoic acid(EPA), and 43.0% of saturated fatty acids. The aroma compounds in the oil showed over 129 peaks, of which 100 compounds were identified. Volatile components included 2,4-hepatadienal(fishy), dimethyldisulfide (unpleasant), dimethyltrisulfide (unpleasant) and 2-nonenal(fatty). The isolation efficiency of the volatile compounds from the samples was 99.4% at $50^{\circ}C$ and 200 bar.

• Journal of Dairy Science and Biotechnology
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• v.35 no.3
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• pp.208-214
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• 2017

The aims of this study were to manufacture a hydrolyzed goat milk protein (HGMP)/chitosan ologisaccharide (CSO) nano-delivery system (NDS) and to investigate the effects of production variables, such as sodium tripolyphosphate (TPP), HGMP, and CSO concentration levels, on the formation and physicochemical properties of the NDS. An HGMP/CSO NDS was produced using the ionic gelation method at pH 5.5. Transmission electron microscopy and a particle size analyzer were used to determine the morphological and physicochemical properties of NDSs, respectively. The size of the HGMP/CSO NDS decreased from 225 to 138 nm as HGMP and CSO concentration levels decreased. The NDS had a positive surface charge, with a zeta-potential value of +23 mV. The encapsulation efficiency (EE) of docosahexaenoic acid was enhanced as the HGMP concentration level increased. Additionally, increasing the concentration level of CSO resulted in an increase in the EE of resveratrol. The HGMP/CSO NDS exhibited good physical stability during freeze-drying. Thus, our findings showed that the HGMP/CSO NDS was successfully manufactured and that HGMP and CSO concentration levels were key factors affecting the physicochemical properties of the NDS.

• Korean journal of food and cookery science
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• v.25 no.6
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• pp.690-702
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• 2009

Liparis tessellatus(cubed snailfish), Hemitripterus villosus(shaggy sea raven), Ligularia fischeri, and Cirsiu setidens, which are staple products in Samcheok, were studied as food resources for the development of a representative local menu. Thus, their nutritional compositions were analyzed, and the resulting values were used to assess the nutritional characteristics of the newly-developed menu. In Liparis tessellatus and Hemitripterus villosus, the organic components including protein and fat tended to be lower than the corresponding values referred to as the 'Seventh Revision Food Composition Table' (2006), which was presumably linked to the spawning period of the fish. The contents of Zn, Cu, and Mg, which are nutritionally important even though the consumption of these minerals by Koreans is not sufficient, were determined to 0.5, 0.2, and 34.3 mg/100 g for Ligularia fischeri, and 26.2, 1.1, and 147.7 mg/100 g for dried Cirsiu setidens. Cirsiu setidens cultivated in Samcheok contained noticeably higher amounts of calcium, zinc, and iron, and its calcium level was more than an order of magnitude higher than that provided by the Food Composition Table. This might be associated with the fact of that Samcheok is abundant in lime which consists of calcium-containing inorganic materials. n-3 fatty acids including docosahexaenoic acid(DHA) accounted for 21% and 13% of the total fatty acids, for Liparis tessellatus and Hemitripterus villosus, respectively, and the major amino acids were glutamic acid, aspartic acid, glycine, and alanine for both fish. One of the newly developed menus, Cirsiu setidens hae-jang-gook, was nutritionally superior to the corresponding menu that used dried radish leaves, a typical ingredient in hae-jang-gook, in terms of the protein, iron, and zinc contents. Rice pottage cooked with Liparis tessellatus instead of abalone was high in protein, calcium, iron and zinc, where one serving provided 29.1, 15.4, 31.0, and 27.8% of their Reference Intake (RI)s, respectively.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.27 no.5
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• pp.535-548
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• 1994

Community structures and fish densit were investigated on three different types of artificial reefs, dice, turtle artificial reef and tubes, constructed in the Korean waters. Variations of fish fauna according to type of artificial reef and the proper artificial reef in each area for optimizing harvest were discussed. Fish were captured by trammel gill net during May, June, September and November, 1988 and both identified and counted. Fourty-five fish species were found in the artificial reefs. Of these, Sebastes spp., Hexagrammos otakii, Pleuronectidae, Navodon modestus and Stephanolepis cirrhifer showed high occurrence-frequency. The dominant species groups were coastal settlement, demersal or rock fishes such as Pleuronectidae, Rajiformes, Stephanolepis cirrhifer, Navodon modestus, Hexagrammos otakii and Sebastes spp. in all of the Artificial reefs except the oceanic area of southern waters. Scomber japonicus was predominant in the oceanic area of southern waters. Composition of demersal, rock and pelagic fishes were different depending on the types of artificial reef. Dice artificial reefs were occupied by rock fish, on the other hand turtle artificial reefs were dominated by dermersal fish. Fish density was high at the dice artificial reef in all survey areas except the middle area of Eastern waters, with high fish density evident in the Tube artificial reef. Fish community structures were remarkably different between Dice and Turtle artificial reefs. The Tube artificial reef showed intermediate characteristics between the above two types of artificial reefs. The coastal areas of Southern waters and the middle and southern areas of Western waters revealed similar fish fauna. Results from the oceanic areas of Southern waters were well associated with the middle and southern areas of Eastern waters.

• Journal of Fisheries and Marine Sciences Education
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• v.3 no.2
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• pp.47-72
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• 1991

To obtain the principal data for useful treatment and processing of Korean geoduck (Panope japonica A. ADAMS) which inhabit mostly at Dong-Hae coastal area in Korea, changes of $NH_2$-N, TMAO, TMA, total creatinine, protein composition and fatty acid composition in raw and blanched geoduck muscle during storage at $-20^{\circ}C$ were investigated. In addition, its chemical composition variation in the whole year was elucidated. The moisture content in geoduck muscle meat was 78.1% to 82% in the whole year. Particularly, in July its moisture content was maximum as 82% and in September minimum as 78.1%. Crude protein was in the range of 12.3-16.4%, crude lipid the average was 1.5%, crude ash on the average was 1.4%. The abundant fatty acids in geoduck muscle oil were $C_{16}$ : 0, $C_{16}$ : 1, $C_{18}$ : 0, $C_{18}$ : 1, $C_{20}$ : 5, and $C_{22}$ : 6 acids. During storage at $-20^{\circ}C$, content of unsaturated fatty acid such as eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA, $C_{20}$ : 5) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA, $C_{22}$ : 6)in raw geoduck muscle decreased somewhat and the raw geoduck was slightly oxidized. Trimethylamine (TMA), volatile basic nitrogen (VBN)and $NH_2$-N of raw muscle increased compared to blanched muscle. Trimethylamine oxide (TMAO) was slightly decreased during the storage period. The muscle protein was approximately composed of 37% sarcoplasmic, 29% myofibrillar, 22% alkali soluble, and 12% stroma protein. Among several proteins, myofibrillar protein content decreased mostly, while the alkali-soluble and stroma protein content increased slightly during storage at $-20^{\circ}C$.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.48 no.6
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• pp.476-487
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• 2015

Purpose: This study was conducted to examine the concentration of nutrients in transitional breast milk from Korean lactating mothers and to evaluate daily intakes of their infants based on the Dietary Reference Intakes for Koreans 2010 (KDRIs 2010). Methods: Breast milk samples were collected at 5~15 days postpartum from 100 healthy lactating Korean mothers. Macro- and micro-nutrients, and immunoglobulin (Igs) concentrations in breast milk were analyzed. Results: The mean energy, protein, fat, and carbohydrate concentrations in breast milk were $59.99{\pm}8.01kcal/dL$, $1.47{\pm}0.27g/dL$, $2.88{\pm}0.89g/dL$, and $6.72{\pm}0.22g/dL$. The mean linoleic acid (LA), a-linolenic acid (ALA), arachidonic acid (AA), and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) concentrations were $181.44{\pm}96.41mg/dL$, $28.15{\pm}8.89mg/dL$, $5.67{\pm}1.86mg/dL$, and $5.74{\pm}2.57mg/dL$. The mean vitamin A, vitamin D, vitamin E, vitamin $B_1$, vitamin $B_2$, vitamin $B_{12}$, and folate concentrations were $2.75{\pm}1.75{\mu}g/dL$, $2.31{\pm}1.12ng/dL$, $0.74{\pm}1.54mg/dL$, $3.02{\pm}1.84mg/dL$, $7.51{\pm}20.96{\mu}g/dL$, $61.78{\pm}26.78{\mu}g/dL$, $63.71{\pm}27.19ng/dL$, and $0.52{\pm}0.26{\mu}g/dL$. The mean concentrations of calcium, iron, potassium, sodium, zinc, and copper were $20.71{\pm}3.34mg/dL$, $0.59{\pm}0.86mg/dL$, $66.71{\pm}10.35mg/dL$, $27.72{\pm}10.16mg/dL$, $0.44{\pm}0.41mg/dL$, and $70.48{\pm}30.41{\mu}g/dL$. The mean IgA and total IgE concentrations were $61.85{\pm}31.97mg/dL$ and $235.00{\pm}93.00IU/dL$. The estimated daily intakes of infants for protein, vitamin D, vitamin E, vitamin $B_2$, vitamin $B_{12}$, iron, potassium, sodium, zinc, and copper were sufficient compared to KDRIs 2010 adjusted by transitory milk intakes. The estimated infants' intakes of energy, fat, carbohydrate, vitamin A, vitamin C, vitamin $B_1$, folate, and calcium did not meet KDRIs 2010 adjusted by transitory milk intakes. Conclusion: In general most estimated nutrient intakes of Korean breast-fed infants in transitory breast milk were sufficient, however some nutrient intakes were not sufficient based on KDRIs 2010. These results warrant conduct of future studies for investigation of important dietary factors associated with nutrients in breast milk to improve the quality of breast milk, which may contribute to understanding nutrition in early life and promoting growth and development of breast-fed infants.