Nutritional Properties, as Food Resources for Menu Development, of Cubed Snailfish, Shaggy Sea Raven, and Two Kinds of Wild Vegetables that are Staple Products in Samcheok

삼척지역 특산물인 곰치, 풍덕구이, 곰취, 곤드레의 향토식품 소재화를 위한 영양적 특성 연구

  • Surh, Jeong-Hee (Department of Food and Nutrition, Kangwon National University) ;
  • Kim, Jong-Ok (Department of Food and Nutrition, Seojeong College University) ;
  • Kim, Mi-Hyun (Department of Food and Nutrition, Kangwon National University) ;
  • Lee, Jae-Choel (Department of Food and Nutrition, Kangwon National University) ;
  • Yang, Hee-Wan (Kitchen Team, Kangwon Land Inc.) ;
  • Lee, Byung-Yong (Department of Food and Nutrition, Kangwon National University) ;
  • Kim, Mi-Young (Department of Food and Nutrition, Kangwon National University) ;
  • Yun, Sun-Ju (Department of Food and Nutrition, Kangwon National University) ;
  • Jeong, Hye-Ryeon (Department of Food and Nutrition, Kangwon National University)
  • 서정희 (강원대학교 식품영양학과) ;
  • 김종옥 (서정대학 식품영양학과) ;
  • 김미현 (강원대학교 식품영양학과) ;
  • 이재철 (강원대학교 식품영양학과) ;
  • 양희완 (강원랜드 조리팀) ;
  • 이병용 (강원대학교 식품영양학과) ;
  • 김미영 (강원대학교 식품영양학과) ;
  • 윤선주 (강원대학교 식품영양학과) ;
  • 정혜련 (강원대학교 식품영양학과)
  • Published : 2009.12.31

Abstract

Liparis tessellatus(cubed snailfish), Hemitripterus villosus(shaggy sea raven), Ligularia fischeri, and Cirsiu setidens, which are staple products in Samcheok, were studied as food resources for the development of a representative local menu. Thus, their nutritional compositions were analyzed, and the resulting values were used to assess the nutritional characteristics of the newly-developed menu. In Liparis tessellatus and Hemitripterus villosus, the organic components including protein and fat tended to be lower than the corresponding values referred to as the 'Seventh Revision Food Composition Table' (2006), which was presumably linked to the spawning period of the fish. The contents of Zn, Cu, and Mg, which are nutritionally important even though the consumption of these minerals by Koreans is not sufficient, were determined to 0.5, 0.2, and 34.3 mg/100 g for Ligularia fischeri, and 26.2, 1.1, and 147.7 mg/100 g for dried Cirsiu setidens. Cirsiu setidens cultivated in Samcheok contained noticeably higher amounts of calcium, zinc, and iron, and its calcium level was more than an order of magnitude higher than that provided by the Food Composition Table. This might be associated with the fact of that Samcheok is abundant in lime which consists of calcium-containing inorganic materials. n-3 fatty acids including docosahexaenoic acid(DHA) accounted for 21% and 13% of the total fatty acids, for Liparis tessellatus and Hemitripterus villosus, respectively, and the major amino acids were glutamic acid, aspartic acid, glycine, and alanine for both fish. One of the newly developed menus, Cirsiu setidens hae-jang-gook, was nutritionally superior to the corresponding menu that used dried radish leaves, a typical ingredient in hae-jang-gook, in terms of the protein, iron, and zinc contents. Rice pottage cooked with Liparis tessellatus instead of abalone was high in protein, calcium, iron and zinc, where one serving provided 29.1, 15.4, 31.0, and 27.8% of their Reference Intake (RI)s, respectively.

본 연구에서는 강원도 삼척지역에서 생산되는 농 수특산물인 곰치, 풍덕구이, 곰취, 곤드레의 화학적 영양학적 조성을 평가하고 이를 메뉴에 적용함으로써, 이들 4종의 식품소재 및 이를 활용한 메뉴의 식품영양학적 가치를 평가하고자 하였다. 겨울철에 수집된 삼척산 곰치와 풍덕구이는 일반성분 조성에 있어 유기물에 해당하는 단백질과 지방의 함량이 다소 낮은 경향이 관찰되었고, 이는 계절적 인자, 즉 산란기와 연관되어 있을 것으로 해석하였다. 삼척산 건조 곤드레는 100 g 당 조단백질 24.2 g, 칼슘 1356.0 mg, 철 33.9 mg이 함유되어 있었고, 이는 전국 규모로 수집되어 평가된 식품성분표 상의 수치보다 각각 4.3배, 15배, 13배나 높은 함량이었다. 또한, 필수 미량원소 중 하나인 아연은 삼척산 곤드레에서 정선산보다 6.2배나 높은 함량인 26.2 mg/100 g이 함유되어 있었다. 건조 곤드레와 더불어 곰취 나물의 경우에도 칼슘의 함량이 높았는데, 이는 삼척 지역이 석회석 생산지라 토양 내 칼슘 함량이 다른 지역보다 높다는 사실과 관련되어 있을 것으로 해석하였다. 아미노산 조성 평가에 있어서는, 4종의 식품 소재 모두 풍미와 직접적으로 관련된 아미노산인 glutamic acid, aspartic acid, glycine, alanine이 전체 아미노산 중 높은 비율을 차지함으로써, 메뉴의 단맛과 감칠맛에 기여할 것으로 평가되었다. 또한, 곰치와 풍덕구이는 n-3 PUFA와 n-6 PUFA로 구성된 고도불포화지방산(PUFA)에 속하는 지방산들이 전체 지방산 중 각각 30.6%와 31.6%를 차지하였고, 특히 곰치는 n-3 PUFA의 함량이 n-6 PUFA보다 2배 이상 높게 함유되어 있어, 지방산 조성과 연관된 영양 지표인 n-6/n-3 비율을 기준으로 한 식품의 가치 평가에서는, 영양학적으로 우수한 식품이라 할 수 있다. 앞서 평가한 이들 식품소재의 영양학적 가치가 메뉴로 적용 가능한지를 탐색한 두 번째 단계의 연구에서는, 기존 상용 메뉴의 주재료를 삼척지역 농·수 특산물로 대체하여 음식을 제조한 후 영양학적 측면에서 이들 메뉴를 평가하였다. 그 결과, 칼슘과 아연의 함량이 높았던 삼척산 곤드레를 주재료로한 곤드레 해장국은 단백질, 칼슘, 철분, 아연의 함량이 1일 권장섭취량(RI) 대비 31.5%, 49.3%, 100.0%, 77.8%로 각각 평가됨으로써, 단백질과 무기질의 함량이 매우 높은 메뉴로 확인되어 한국인의 건강식으로 개발될만한 가치가 있다고 평가되었다. 또한, 곰치어죽, 풍덕구이 조림, 곰취 산채 찜만두 1인분은 낮은 열량 임에도 불구하고 단백질과 철분의 제공량이 1일 권장섭취량의 30%를 초과하는 것으로 나타나, 빈혈 발생이 높은 성장기 어린이와 가임기 여성, 임산부 등을 대상으로 하는 영양성이 강조된 차별화된 메뉴 개발의 가능성을 시사하였다.

Keywords

References

  1. Ackman RG, Eaton CA. 1966. Some commercial Atlantic herring oils: fatty acid composition. J Fish Res Board Can. 23(7):991-1006 https://doi.org/10.1139/f66-092
  2. Ahn IY, Surh J, Park YG, Kwon H, Choi KS, Kang SH, Choi HJ, Kim KW, Chung H. 2003. Growth and seasonal energetics of the Antarctic bivalve Laternula elliptica from King George Island, Antarctica. Mar Ecol Prog Ser 257:99-110 https://doi.org/10.3354/meps257099
  3. AOAC. 1990. Official Methods of Analysis of the Association of Official Analytical Chemists. The Association of Official Analytical Chemists. Washington, DC. U.S.A. pp 777-784
  4. Chang SK, Kim JH, Oh HS. 2008. The development of functional cold buckwheat noodles using biological activities of hot water extracts of Ligularia fischeri and Angelica gigas Nakai. Korean J Food Culture 23(4):479-488
  5. Cho SD, Kim GH. 2005. Food product development and quality characteristics of Ligularia fischeri for food resources. Korean J Food Preserv 12(1):43-47
  6. Choi GP, Chung BH, Lee DI, Lee HY, Lee JH, Kim JD. 2002. Screening of inhibitory activities on angiotensin converting enzyme form medicinal plants. Korean J Medicinal Crop Sci 10(5):399-402
  7. De Moreno JEA, Moreno VJ, Brenner RR. 1976. Lipid metabolism of the yellow clam, Mesodesma mactroides: 1. Composition of the lipids. Lipids 11(4):334-340 https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02544063
  8. Dyerberg J, Bang HO. 1995. Haemostatic function and platelet polyunsaturated fatty acids in Eskimos. Nutrition 11(5):475-475
  9. Ham SS, Lee SY, Oh DH, Jung SW, Kim SH, Chung CK, Kang IJ. 1998a. Antimutagenic and antigenotoxic effects of Ligularia fischeri extracts. J Korean Soc Food Sci Nutr 27(4):745-750
  10. Ham SS, Lee SY, Oh DH, Jung SW, Kim SH, Jeong CK, Kang IJ. 1998b. Cytotoxicity of Ligularia fischeri extracts. J Korean Soc Food Sci Nutr 27(5):987-992
  11. Jeong BY, Choi BD, Moon SK, Lee JS. 1998. Fatty acid composition of 72 species of Korean fish. J Fish Sci Tech 1(1):129-146
  12. Jeong SW, Kim EJ, Hwangbo HJ, Ham SS. 1998. Effects of Ligularia fischeri extracts on oxidation of low density lipoprotein. Korean J Food Sci Technol 30(5):1214-1221
  13. Kang IJ, Ham SS, Chung CK, Lee SY, Oh DH, Choi KP, Do JJ. 1997. Development of fermented soysauce using Cirsium setidens Nakai and Comfrey. J Korean Soc Food Sci Nutr 26(6):1152-1158
  14. Kim EY, Baik IH, Kim JH, Kim SR, Rhyu MR. 2004. Screening of the antioxidant activity of some medicinal plants. Korean J Food Sci Technol 36(2):333-338
  15. Kluytmans JH, Boot JH, Oudejans RCHM, Zandee DI. 1985. Fatty acid synthesis in relation to gametogenesis in the mussel Mytilus edulis L. Comp Biochem Physiol 81(4):959-963 https://doi.org/10.1016/0305-0491(85)90097-5
  16. Korea Health Industry Development Institute. 2007. Report on national health and nutrition survey (Dietary intake survey). Ministry of Health and Welfare. Seoul, Korea. pp 387-447
  17. Kwon YJ, Kim KH, Kim HK. 2002. Changes of total polyphenol content and antioxidant activity of Ligularia fischeri extracts with different microwave-assisted extraction conditions. Korean J Food Preserv 9(3):332-337
  18. Layne KS, Goh YK, Jumpsen JA, Ryan EA, Chow P, Clandinin MT. 1996. Normal subjects consuming physiological levels of 18:3(n-3) and 20:5(n-3) from flaxseed or fish oils have characteristics differences in plasma lipid and lipoprotein fatty acid levels. J Nutr 126(9):2130-2140
  19. Leaf A, Weber PC. 1988. Cardiovascular effects of n-3 fatty acids. New Engl J Med 318(9):549-557 https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJM198803033180905
  20. Lee SH, Jin YS, Heo SI, Shim TH, Sa JH, Choi DS, Wang MH. 2006. Composition analysis and antioxidative activity from different organs of Cirsium setidens Nakai. Korean J Food Sci Technol 38(4):571-576
  21. Lepage G, Roy CC. 1986. Direct transesterification of all classes of lipids in a one-step reaction. J Lipid Res 27(1):114-120
  22. Lindsay RC 2008. Flavors. In: Food Chemistry. Damodaran S, Parkin KL, Fennema OR (ed). CRC Press. Boca Raton, FL. U.S.A. pp 639-687
  23. National Rural Resources Development Institute RDA. 2007. Food Composition Table. Seoul, Korea. pp 100-325
  24. Park JA, Kim MK. 1999. Effect of Korean native plant diet on lipid metabolism, antioxidative capacity and cadmium detoxification in rats. Korean J Nutr 32(4):353-368
  25. Simopoulos AP. 1989. Summary of NATO advanced research workshop on dietary $\omega$-3 and $\omega$-6 fatty acids: Biological effects and nutritional essentiality. J Nutr 119(4):521-528
  26. The Korean Nutrition Society. 2005. Dietary Reference Intakes for Koreans. Seoul, Korea. pp 199-311
  27. Surh J, Kwon H. 2003. Fatty acid content and composition of various Korean shellfish. Food Sci Biotechnol 12(1):83-87
  28. Surh J, Ryu JS, Kwon H. 2003. Seasonal variations of fatty acid compositions in various Korean shellfish. J Agric Food Chem 51(6):1617-1622 https://doi.org/10.1021/jf026033a
  29. Surh J, Lee HJ, Kwon H. 2009. Regional difference in fatty acid content of Korean shellfish. Food Sci Biotechnol 18(2):367-373
  30. Wang YJ, Miller LA, Perren M, Addis PB. 1990. Omega-3 fatty acids in Lake Superior fish. J Food Sci 55(1):71-73 https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2621.1990.tb06018.x