• Korean Journal of Agricultural Science
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• v.50 no.2
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• pp.249-260
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• 2023

Duck farming restriction refers to a program in which duck farms suspend their operations for a certain period at times when the risk of avian influenza (AI) is high and receive compensation from the Korean government. This study analyzed the effect of this duck farming restriction on the incidence of AI using data on regional AI incidence rates, the program participation rate, and characteristics of poultry farming in 2016 (before the implementation of the restriction), as well as data from 2020 and 2021 (when new AI outbreaks occurred). In this study, the treatment group was divided into five subgroups according to the policy participation rate and a difference-in-difference (DID) estimation was conducted using certain covariates, in this case the average number of ducks raised, the land area, the number of high-susceptibility farms, the number of low-susceptibility farms, the average number of farms within a 3 km radius, the average distance to the nearest farm, and a year dummy. The results showed that when more than 30% of all duck farms in a region participated in the farming restriction, it had a statistically significant effect on the incidence of AI. Specifically, when more than 30, 40, 50, and 60% of all duck farms participated in the farming restriction, the AI incidence rate decreased by 0.7184, 1.0025, 1.5844, and 1.5843%p, respectively.

• The Journal of Korean Academy of Orthopedic Manual Physical Therapy
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.59-74
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• 1999

66 patients with low back pain were evaluated to determine if any differences of weight bearing were existed between the same side leg that feel pain(pain side leg) and that without pain (non-pain side leg) of lower extremities while weight bearing. 66 patients were divided into 3 groups according to pain pattern such as low back pain only(26), radiating pain only(21) and low back pain with radiating pain (19). Control group were 28 normal persons. The weight bearing was rated by Limloader(Model LLD-2000, Ver 1.2) and analyzed by paired and independent t-test, one-way ANOVA, Dunan's analaysis and Pearson's correlation analysis. The results of this study were as follows : 1. In patient group, significant difference of weight bearing rating between pain side leg and non-pain side leg was found. There was borne significantly less weight bearing rating(14.68%) on the pain side leg(P<.001). 2. In normal group, there was no significant difference between left and right leg(P>.05). But there was significant difference(3.21%) in absolute difference of both leg(p<.001). 3. The difference of 1 and 2 was 11.47% : more difference of weight bearing rating between both legs in patient group than that of the control group(p<.001). 4. There were significant differences of weight bearing rating in those 3 groups : low back pain group(10.30%), radiating pain group (17.90%) and low back pain with radiating pain group (17.10%) (p<.001). 5. There was significant correlation between pain intensity and difference of weight bearing rating(p<.05). The severer pain intensity. the more difference of weight bearing rating was found. 6. There was no significant correlation between the age, height and duration of symptom, etc(p>.05).

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.135-148
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• 1989

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the periodic effect of desensitizing drug such as potassium oxalate(D.D.S. # I&II), strontium chloride (ZAROSEN)$^{(R)}$, and placebo group. The 193 teeth of 93 patients who had been complained dental hypersensitivity, and were divided into three groups by application agent and desensitizing treatment was completed. The interval of observation and treatment period were immediately, 1 week, 2 week, 3 week, 4 week, before and after treatment. The data was statistically analized and the results were as followed. 1. Group I showed best desensitizing effect to the stimuli, followed by Group II, Group III. 2. There was a significant difference (p < 0.005) in desensitizing effect among the Group I, Group III and Group II, Group III but there was no significant difference (p < 0.005) in Group I, Group II. 3. The cold stimuli was most effective in desensitization and there was a significant difference (p < 0.005) in cold, air-blast, but there was no significant difference (p < 0.005) in other stimuli. 4. There was no significant difference (p < 0.005) in effect of the desensitization of the cause of exposed dentine. 5. Anterior teeth was more effective than posterior teeth in desensitization and there was a significant difference (p < 0.005) between anterior teeth and posterior teeth. 6. In analysis of stimuli on the potassium oxalate, there was a significant difference (p < 0.005) in cold, air-blast but there was no significant difference (p < 0.005) in other stimuli.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• v.27 no.4
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• pp.258-263
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• 2015

Purpose: This study investigated effects of deep abdominal muscle strengthening exercises on pulmonary function and the ability to balance in stroke patients and was conducted to propose an exercise program for improving cardiovascular function. Methods: Study subjects were 20 patients with hemiplegia due to stroke, who were divided into the deep abdominal muscle strengthening exercise group (experimental group), 10, and the control group, 10. Pulmonary function tests measured FVC and FEV1, dynamic balance ability was measured using TUG. Static and dynamic balance ability was measured using BBS. The experimental group performed exercises during a period of 6 weeks, 5 times a week for 40 minutes, whereas the control group did not participate in regular exercise. The difference before and after the exercise was compared using paired t-test, difference in exercise before and after between groups was ANCOVA and level of significance was set at ${\alpha}=0.05$. Results: The changes in FVC and FEV1 within the group showed a significant difference only in the experimental group (p<0.001) (p<0.01), between-group difference was statistically significant only in FVC and FEV1 changes in the experimental group (p<0.001). The TUG changes within the group showed a significant difference in the experimental group and control group (p<0.001) (p<0.05), while BBS changes showed a significant difference only in the experimental group. Between-group difference was statistically significant only in TUG and BBS changes in the experimental group. The experimental group showed a more effective significant difference than the control group (p<0.001). Conclusion: Can exercise involving a deep abdominal muscle strengthening program be applied in patients with stroke with difficulty in control of trunk and decreased breathing ability?

• Korean Journal of Psychosomatic Medicine
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.39-48
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• 1995

This study was designed to investigate the role of weight control in the formation of underlying pathology in eating disorder or eating related problems. The subjects were 304 college athletes(Male : 187. Female: 121) and they were divided into two groups according to need for weight control(Weght control group: 110, Weght non control group: 194). The authors used self report questionnaire which was composed of epidemiologic data, food habit scale, eating attitude test, scale for locus of control for weight, scale for food preference and eating behavior. And we also used Eysenck Personality Questionnaire of Korean standardized edition for assessment of personality characteristics, Beck depression inventory, and the scale of hypochondriasis. The results were as follows: 1) Body mass index and the amount of cigarrette smoking and alcohol drinking showed significant differences by sex but not by need for weight control. 2) Eating habit of female athletes was the worst in all athletes. The score of eating attitude test of female athletes was higher than that of male athletes but there was no significant difference by need for weight control. Food preference and eating related behavior was also different by sex. 3) There were no significant differences in all subscales of Eysenck Personality Questionnaire, Beck depression inventory, and the scale of hypochondriasis between two groups which were divided by need for weight control. Neuroticism score was higher in female atheletes and psychoticism score was the highest in weight control male atheletes. 4) There was no significant difference in number of population with abnormal EAT score(to-tal score$\geq$26) between two groups which were divided by need for weight control. 5) The score of eating attitude test had positive correlation with the score of psychoticism and the tendency of depression in weight control male athletes but not in non-weight control male athletes. In non-weight control male athletes, the score of eating attitude test had positive correlation with the score of lie scale. so its correlation is different from those of weight control male athletes. But in female athletes, the score of eating attitude test had significant positive correlation with the score of psychoticism in both groups. In conclusion, these results suggest that the differences of eating traits in athletes are depend upon the sex difference, not upon the need for weight control. and that the role of weight control in eating disorder or abnormal eating attitude differs according to sex.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Physical Medicine
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• v.5 no.4
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• pp.577-585
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• 2010

Purpose : This study was to evaluate gait velocity and stance time on 5 conditions in elderly women and elderly women with LBP. The subjects were 70's generation. Methods : The subjects are 20 divided into 2 groups. They measured gait velocity, stance-time. The 5 conditions were normal gait, 10cm obstacle gait, 25cm obstacle gait, dual 10cm obstacle gait, dual 25cm obstacle gait. The experimental period was between 2008/12 and 2009/2. Statistical analysis was used Repeated measurement for difference between conditions, independent t-test for difference in two groups. Subjects were countdown from 50 during dual task gait. Results : The results were as follow: there were significantly difference 10cm obstacle velocity, dual 10cm obstacle velocity in two group. The others were not significantly differences. Velocity and stance-time were significantly difference in control group. In dual 25cm obstacle gait, velocity was difference of normal gait. Stance-time was difference in 25cm obstacle gait, and dual 25cm obstacle gait. In Experimental group, velocity and stance-time were not significantly difference. But measured value of velocity was gradually decreased and stance time was increased. Conclusion : These results indicate that elderly people with LBP women are reduced gait ability in dual task, and obstacle condition. So they need to prevent falling in dual task, and obstacle gait and to train obstacle/dual tak gait.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.161-174
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• 2001

The purpose of this study was to reduce the spasticity of plantarflexion. the subjects of this study were 30 hemiplegic patients with stroke who received of physical therapy in JinJu o o hospital from May to July 2000. the subjects were divided into three groups(FES groups 10, FES + tilt table-wedge board standing groups 10, & tilt table-wedge board standing groups 10). The result were as follow 1. FES therapy was a effective method to reduce the spasticity of plantarflexor. there was a significant difference in modified Ashworth scale(p<.01). there was a significant difference in weight bearing ratio between nonparetic and paretic side(p<.01). 2. Tilt table-wedge board standing therapy was a effective method to reduce the spasticity of plantarflexor to a degree but there was a no significant difference in modified Ashworth scale(p<.05). there was a significant difference in weight bearing ratio between nonparetic and paretic side(p<.01). 3. Tilt table-wedge board standing therapy + FES therapy was a effective method to reduce the spasticity of plantarflexor. there was a significant difference in modified Ashworth scale(p<.01). there was a significant difference in weight bearing ratio between nonparetic and paretic side(p<.01) 4. There was a significant difference in weight bearing ratio between nonparetic and paretic side according to the grade spasticity(p<.01). 5. For normal persons vs hemiplegic patients, there was a significant different in weight bearing ratio between nonparetic and paretic side(experimental subjects 1 p<.01, experimental subjects 2 p<.01, control subjects p<.05).

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.372-383
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• 1995

The staining tendency of esthetic restorative material was very important factor for the people who are great concern about the esthetics. Most external stains were superficial and adjustable by routine prophylactic procedure. But some of these stains were remained under superficial stain. Some of these stains were accumulative on external tooth surface and it's removal alter the anatomic contour of restoration. The purpose of this study was to evaluate and compare the staining tendency of esthetic restorative materials to staining solution. In this study two glass-ionomer cements (Fuji II Glass-Ionomer Cement and Fuji II LC Glass-Ionomer Cement) and three composite resins (Sil$\ddot{u}$x Plus, APH and P-50) were evaluated and compared. Total 8 disc-shaped specimens of each material (17mm diameter, Imm thick) were immersed in coffee staining solution. These specimens were divided into one control and 3 experimental groups according to the immersion period as follows : Control: immersed in distilled water during each testing period Group 1 : immersed in staining solution for 6 hours Group 2 : immersed in staining solution for 24 hours Group 3 : immersed in staining solution for 72 hours Staining tendency was evaluated by total color difference(${\Delta}E^*$) of specimen before and after staining by spectorcolorimeteric readings (ColorQUEST Spectrophotometer, U.SA.). The results were as follows : 1. The total color differences of each testing materials were increased with time. 2. Among the experimental groups, the Fuji II Glass Ionomer Cement showed the highest total color difference(6.803) and the Silux Plus showed the lowest total color difference(1.637). 3. In comparison of glass ionomer cements, the total color difference of chemical cured glass ionomer cements(6.803) were higher than light cured glass ionomer cements(3.891) (P<0.01). 4. In comparison of composite resins, the P-50 showed the highest total color difference and the Silux Plus showed the lowest total color difference, but there was not significant difference among composite resins(P>0.05).

• Journal of The Korean Society of Integrative Medicine
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• v.4 no.2
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• pp.53-65
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• 2016

Purpose : The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness and analyse the change on muscular strength and exercise performance ability of university students participating in leisure sports by elastic-band exercise program. Method : The subjects(N=22) participating in leisure sports are recruited from K university located in Chungbuk. The subjects which are divided to 2 groups as experimental group(N=11) conducted elastic-band exercise program and control group(N=11) conducted stretching program. The muscular strength and exercise performance ability were measured before and after intervention. Result : There were no significant differences(p>.05) in sex, age, height, and weight among subjects. In the measurement of muscular strength, a significant difference(p<.05) was observed in each group, and there was also significant difference(p<.05) between two groups except gastrocnemius(p>.05). A significant difference(p<.05) in muscular volume was observed in each group, and there was also significant difference(p<.05) between two groups apart from gastrocnemius(p>.05). In exercise performance ability, there was significant difference(p<.05) in sergent jump and side-step in each group, and there was a significant difference(p<.05) between two groups in sergent jump, but there was no significant difference(p>0.5) in side-step. Conclusion : Based on this study, through a variety of age and various intervention period to apply more subjects conducting elastic-band exercise program should continue.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• v.34 no.5
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• pp.212-217
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• 2022

Purpose: This study sought to investigate the effects of visual cue deprivation balance training by applying head control feedback to the balance function and the fall index in older people. Methods: The study was conducted on 26 older people at the S Hospital in Gyeongsansi. The patients were randomly divided into the experimental groupI (EGI, n=9), the experimental groupII (EGII, n=9), and the control group (CG, n=8). The three groups were trained for 30 minutes three times a week for four weeks. To assess the patients' static balance function, their limits of stability (LOS) was measured using the BioRescue system, (RM Ingenierie, France), composed of a pressure platform that can measure force in diverse ways, a computer, and a monitor. The dynamic balance function was measured using the Berg Balance Scale (BBS). Also, the fall index was measured to evaluate the risk of falling. A paired t-test was performed to compare pre- and post-training performance within the groups. One-way ANOVA was performed for comparing the three groups. A post hoc least significant difference (LSD) test was also performed. Results: The results of the LOS showed a significant difference after training in the EGI and EGII groups (p<0.05). As a result of the difference between the three groups, there was a significant difference after training (p<0.05). The results of the BBS showed a significant difference after training in the EGI group (p<0.05). As a result of the difference between the three groups, there was a significant difference after training (p<0.05). Conclusion: Visual cue deprivation balance training applying head control feedback is effective in improving the dynamic balance function in older people. It is also necessary to constantly maintain the head orientation by feedback and to properly control the head movement.