• Journal of KIISE:Software and Applications
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• v.34 no.9
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• pp.857-868
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• 2007

The good classifier ensemble should have a high complementarity among classifiers in order to produce a high recognition rate and its size is small in order to be efficient. This paper proposes a classifier ensemble selection algorithm with coarse-to-fine stages. for the algorithm to be successful, the original classifier pool should be sufficiently diverse. This paper produces a large classifier pool by combining several different classification algorithms and lots of feature subsets. The aim of the coarse selection is to reduce the size of classifier pool with little sacrifice of recognition performance. The fine selection finds near-optimal ensemble using genetic algorithms. A hybrid genetic algorithm with improved searching capability is also proposed. The experimentation uses the worldwide handwritten numeral databases. The results showed that the proposed algorithm is superior to the conventional ones.

• Journal of Service Research and Studies
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.109-121
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• 2014

Used medical equipment utilized in medical technology, most are not human or environmental risks likely to in normal medical technology. Therefore, the risk is close to zero so that medical devices are classified into Class 1 medical device, such as little or no risk by treating. It can be minimized without arising unnecessary and waste of time. As handlers in the medical device vendors are expanding the area of the business, we can uplift operators' commitment to the business and for the people's choice. In this paper, our research are presented to improve the legal and regulatory directions for the distribution of used medical devicesin in order to establish and promote a fair deal of diversity.

• Journal of KIISE
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• v.43 no.1
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• pp.61-70
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• 2016

In recent years, there has been a need for techniques for large-scale ontology inference in order to infer new knowledge from existing knowledge at a high speed, and for a diversity of semantic services. With the recent advances in distributed computing, developments of ontology inference engines have mostly been studied based on Hadoop or Spark frameworks on large clusters. Parallel programming techniques using GPGPU, which utilizes many cores when compared with CPU, is also used for ontology inference. In this paper, by combining the advantages of both techniques, we propose a new method for reasoning large RDFS ontology data using a Spark in-memory framework and inferencing distributed data at a high speed using GPGPU. Using GPGPU, ontology reasoning over high-capacity data can be performed as a low cost with higher efficiency over conventional inference methods. In addition, we show that GPGPU can reduce the data workload on each node through the Spark cluster. In order to evaluate our approach, we used LUBM ranging from 10 to 120. Our experimental results showed that our proposed reasoning engine performs 7 times faster than a conventional approach which uses a Spark in-memory inference engine.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
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• v.24 no.5
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• pp.1-14
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• 2021

Excessive development and urbanization have destroyed animal, plant, habitats and reduced biodiversity. In order to preserve species diversity, habitat prediction studies are have been conducted at home and overseas using various modeling techniques. This study was conducted to suggest optimal habitat modeling research by comparing HSI and MaxEnt, which are widely used among habitat modeling techniques. The study was targeted on the endangered species of Prionailurus bengalensis in nearby areas (5460.35km2) including Cheonan City, and the same data were used for analysis to compare those models. According to the HSI analysis, Prionailurus bengalensis's habitat probability was 74.65% for less than 0.5 and 25.34% for more than 0.5 and the top 30% were forest (99.07%). MaxEnt's analysis showed that 56.22% of those below 0.5 and 43.79% of those above 0.5 were found to have a high explanatory power of 78.3% of AUC. The Paired Wilcoxn test, which evaluated the significance of thoes models, confirmed that the mean difference between the two models was statistically significant (p<0.05). Analysis of the differences in the results of those models using the matrix table shows that score 24.43% HSI and MaxEnt was accordance,12.44% of the 0.0 to 0.2 section, 7.22% of the 0.2 to 0.4 section, 2.73% of the 0.4 to 0.6 section, 1.96% of the 0.6 to 0.8, and 0.08% of the 0.9 to 1.0. To verify where the score difference appears, the result values of those models were reset to values from 1 to 5 and overlaid. Overlapping analysis resulted in 30.26% of the Strongly agree values, 56.77% of the agree values, and 11.92% of the Disagree values. The places where the difference in scores occurs were analyzed in the order of forest (45.23%), agricultural land (34.57%), and urbanization area (7.65%). This confirmed that the analysis of the same target species within the same target site also has differences in forecasts depending on the modelling method. Therefore, a novel analysis method combining the advantages of each modeling in habitat prediction studies should be developed, and future study may be used to select Prionailurus bengalensis and species-protected areas and species protection areas in the future. Further research is judged to require higher accuracy studies through the use of various modeling techniques and on-site verification.

• Korean journal of communication and information
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• v.34
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• pp.275-305
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• 2006

The main research question of this paper is as follows: How can broadcasting both cause the crisis in democratic participation and yet also offer the solution? The contradiction in broadcast localism has never been adequately resolved in spite of regulation at all in practice, in that localism simply cannot account for the diversity of modern life and for the external forces that incorporate local communities into much larger economic and communications network. The concept of locality in local television, however, has been multiplied and enlarged in order to adjust to "time-space compression". Recently the local television have been "interface" combining and negotiating the globalization of media market and the decentralization of political power, the economies of scale and the activation of local democracy, consequently aiming at the horizontal-cooperative network instead of old vertical-dependent one.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
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• v.37 no.1A
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• pp.64-72
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• 2012

We consider multiuser multiple antenna two-way relaying systems in which all users exchange their data with their counterparts with the help of a relay. The systems complete all data exchanges in two time phases called multiple access phase and broadcasting phase for spectral efficiency and therby require an effective scheme reducing self-interference (SI) and multiuser interference (MUI). Different from the conventional scheme suppressing both SI and MUI at the relay, the proposed scheme adopts SI cancelation (SIC) at the users and renders the relay to suppress the MUI mainly considering the SIC output. We analyze the symbol error rate (SER) and the achievable diversity order of the proposed scheme when the multiple access phase is dominant in the performance and obtain simulation results on the SER and the sum rate under various conditions. The results show that the proposed scheme improves the symbol error rate and the sum rate remarkably at the cost of complexity increase.

• Fashion & Textile Research Journal
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• v.7 no.5
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• pp.547-552
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• 2005

The study has objective in raising value of the gray color as a meaningful color suiting sentiments of modern people by expressing the gray color in various perspective utilizing natural dyes that is natural at the same time having aesthetic color tones. For example, the main ingredient used for coloring black and gray color is the pyrogallol tannin and the gray tone dye can be acquired by combining the tannin with iron. In order to find the suitable condition for processing tannin, UV-Vis part absorption spectrum of Gallapple pyrogallol tannin, dye ability based on temperature and time, reflection rate based on concentration, color changes based on acid treatment and alkali treatment, changes on surface based on concentration or metal mordant condition, and lightfastness were measured. Maximum absorption wavelength (${\lambda}_{max}$) of Gallapple tannin was at around 273 nm, while strong absorption was also observed at below 350 nm. Dye ability of Gallapple tannin is done more easily on silk rather than cellulose fibers such as cotton, while the optimum condition for dyeing was observed to be at $60^{\circ}C$, for 20 minutes. As a result of acid treatment, the color of dye material consist highly of gray tones and showed red tone after the alkali treatment. While it was observed that as dye concentration and metal mordant concentration increased the color changed at counter-clockwise direction on the Y-scale of Munsell's scale of colors. Lightfastness was more on a normal fading. I hope this study opens up possibilities towards presenting gray color expressed from tannin as color with diversity and aesthetic value. In future, comparative study between dye expressed from catechol tannin dye materials will be helpful.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
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• v.25 no.3B
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• pp.472-486
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• 2000

This paper analysis the performance of joint receiving structure consisting of the decorrelating multiuser detection and beamfromenr-RAKE receive for DS-CDMA communication systems. In asynchronous transmission as the number of simultaneous users increase. the capacity of CDMA system becomes severly reduced due to the nonideal orthogonality between user-assigned PN sequences and improper power control. Accordingly, the CDMA receiving system becomes vulnerable to the multiple access interferences and the near-far problem under multipath fading channel environment. To withstand these undesired performance degradations, this paper proposes the new type of multiuser detection which has a form of the hybrid structure of concatenating beamformer-RAKE receiver and decorrelating multiuser detection. the beam former-RAKE receiver performs temporal and spatial diversity combining with alleviating fading effect and suppressing undesired interferences, and the multiuser detection plays a role of making the receiver robust to the near-far problem. Regarding the individual merit on the usage of either multiuser detection or beamformer-RAKE receiver, the hybrid one is expected to produce the enhanced performance in multipath fading CDMA channel. However major drawback of using decorrelating multiuser detection for practical deployment is arised from its computational complexity , which is exponentially increased as more number of users and transmitted symbols involve. To diminish the computational complexity, this paper exploits an efficient block Toeplitz inversion technique using matrix Levinson polynomial will be introduced. And this paper provided the mathematical analysis to show the efficiency of the proposed joint structure under the multipath propagation environment. And results of a series of exhaustive computer simulations are presented in order to demonstrate the overall performance of the proposed hybrid structure in multipath fading CDMA channel.

• Journal of Intelligence and Information Systems
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• v.16 no.4
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• pp.99-112
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• 2010

Ensemble learning is a method for improving the performance of classification and prediction algorithms. It is a method for finding a highly accurateclassifier on the training set by constructing and combining an ensemble of weak classifiers, each of which needs only to be moderately accurate on the training set. Ensemble learning has received considerable attention from machine learning and artificial intelligence fields because of its remarkable performance improvement and flexible integration with the traditional learning algorithms such as decision tree (DT), neural networks (NN), and SVM, etc. In those researches, all of DT ensemble studies have demonstrated impressive improvements in the generalization behavior of DT, while NN and SVM ensemble studies have not shown remarkable performance as shown in DT ensembles. Recently, several works have reported that the performance of ensemble can be degraded where multiple classifiers of an ensemble are highly correlated with, and thereby result in multicollinearity problem, which leads to performance degradation of the ensemble. They have also proposed the differentiated learning strategies to cope with performance degradation problem. Hansen and Salamon (1990) insisted that it is necessary and sufficient for the performance enhancement of an ensemble that the ensemble should contain diverse classifiers. Breiman (1996) explored that ensemble learning can increase the performance of unstable learning algorithms, but does not show remarkable performance improvement on stable learning algorithms. Unstable learning algorithms such as decision tree learners are sensitive to the change of the training data, and thus small changes in the training data can yield large changes in the generated classifiers. Therefore, ensemble with unstable learning algorithms can guarantee some diversity among the classifiers. To the contrary, stable learning algorithms such as NN and SVM generate similar classifiers in spite of small changes of the training data, and thus the correlation among the resulting classifiers is very high. This high correlation results in multicollinearity problem, which leads to performance degradation of the ensemble. Kim,s work (2009) showedthe performance comparison in bankruptcy prediction on Korea firms using tradition prediction algorithms such as NN, DT, and SVM. It reports that stable learning algorithms such as NN and SVM have higher predictability than the unstable DT. Meanwhile, with respect to their ensemble learning, DT ensemble shows the more improved performance than NN and SVM ensemble. Further analysis with variance inflation factor (VIF) analysis empirically proves that performance degradation of ensemble is due to multicollinearity problem. It also proposes that optimization of ensemble is needed to cope with such a problem. This paper proposes a hybrid system for coverage optimization of NN ensemble (CO-NN) in order to improve the performance of NN ensemble. Coverage optimization is a technique of choosing a sub-ensemble from an original ensemble to guarantee the diversity of classifiers in coverage optimization process. CO-NN uses GA which has been widely used for various optimization problems to deal with the coverage optimization problem. The GA chromosomes for the coverage optimization are encoded into binary strings, each bit of which indicates individual classifier. The fitness function is defined as maximization of error reduction and a constraint of variance inflation factor (VIF), which is one of the generally used methods to measure multicollinearity, is added to insure the diversity of classifiers by removing high correlation among the classifiers. We use Microsoft Excel and the GAs software package called Evolver. Experiments on company failure prediction have shown that CO-NN is effectively applied in the stable performance enhancement of NNensembles through the choice of classifiers by considering the correlations of the ensemble. The classifiers which have the potential multicollinearity problem are removed by the coverage optimization process of CO-NN and thereby CO-NN has shown higher performance than a single NN classifier and NN ensemble at 1% significance level, and DT ensemble at 5% significance level. However, there remain further research issues. First, decision optimization process to find optimal combination function should be considered in further research. Secondly, various learning strategies to deal with data noise should be introduced in more advanced further researches in the future.

• The Korean Journal of Franchise Management
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• v.2 no.2
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• pp.45-69
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• 2011

A basic function of packaging is preservability, delivery, subdivision, aesthetic and serviceability on packaging. Originally, the function and necessity of packaging is on preservability, but today it is expending before. then packaging is focusing on sales promotion. Although it is hard to say production itself, it could does when it is made. also, it is important for product to be goods when packaging and its materials are identification on matching each other. The role of packaging design is a core factor that satisfy consumer a various of needs and wants. In the past, the role of food packaging design is just preservability and delivery on product. but then, nawaday it is asked a various role. Not only present products have to get inherency but also have added value. That is, advanced technologies, information, and richness from materials which are diversity for coming a extention of choice. currently, food packaging design shouldn't have stayed on just packaging which cover beautiful. Packaging design is a symbolic sign. It is importance for manager to do R&D, producing, and distribution, also for consumer who use and buy the product whether manager and consumer think package design is a main mediation. This day, food design pay attention to be asking consumer's a number of sensitivity. It is the reason that the package is importance and exist. This article is to examine preservability, delivery, subdivision, aesthetic, serviceability, and environmental orientation in order to develop and show a method and theories to find package design in food industry the reason that why sales promotion and its profit increase. Consequently, draw on the function of package design effects the benefit on product is distribution. Green Design on the food packages by combining recycled and biodegradable food packages for the development of practices and long life to the look of the food package design practices.