• Proceedings of the Korean Radioactive Waste Society Conference
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• 2009.06a
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• pp.73-73
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• 2009

There are many factors to evaluate nuclear fuel cycle such as safety, public acceptance, economics, etc.. Transparency, proliferation, environment issues, public acceptance and safety are essential to expansion of nuclear industry and proliferation resistance is one of key constraints in the deployment of advanced nuclear energy systems. Proliferation resistance is being considered as one of the most important factors in assessing advanced and innovative nuclear systems. IAEA defmes proliferation resistance as characteristics of nuclear energy system that impedes the diversion or undeclared production of nuclear material [1]. Barriers to proliferation is consist of intrinsic and extrinsic barriers(institutional measures). Intrinsic barriers are characterized in material barriers and technical barriers in general. Material barriers is intrinsic, or inherent, qualities of materials that reduce the inherent desirability or attractiveness of the material as an explosive. Isotopic, chemical, radiological, mass and bulk, detectability barriers are considered as material barriers attributes [2]. Proliferation resistance is examined for several nuclear fuel cycles based on previous study which is focused on the intrinsic barriers [3-4]. Pyroprocessing and DUPIC are considered as reprocessing technologies in Korea and the PWR direct disposal is considered. Comparative assessments of the proliferation attributes and merits of different fuel cycle systems will be performed and the optimal back-end fuel cycle and strategy will be proposed.

• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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• 2007.05a
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• pp.2039-2043
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• 2007

Like other major river basin systems in the West of the United States the Platte River Basin are faced with the challenges of allocating more water for plant and animal species. A part of the Central Platte River was designated as critical habitat for the whooping crane in 1978. The water allocation system in the Platte River Basin is dominated by the Prior Appropriation Doctrine, which allocates water according to the priorities based on the date of water use. The Platte River Basin segregated into five subregions for purpose of analysis. 24 years of historic records of monthly flow and all the demands were complied. The simulation of river basin modeling includes physical operation of the system including water allocation by water rights and interstate compact agreements, reservoir operations, and diversion with consumptive use and return flow. MODSIM, a generalized river basin network model, was used for estimating the timing and magnitude of impacts on river flows and diversions associated with water transfers from each region. A total of 20 alternatives were considered, covering transfers from each of the five regions of basin with several options. The result shows that the timing and availability of augmented water at the critical habitat is not only a function of use by junior appropriators, but also of river losses, and timing of return flows.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Agricultural Engineers Conference
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• 2005.10a
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• pp.68-73
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• 2005

The purpose of this study are to insure flow rate for rural stream in the rural area. The analysis of drying stream characteristics for two streams(Bong-mu, Wang-jang stream) from field survey data. Also, a study area has been determined, and criteria of estimation has been established : criteria such as, available hydrological data, the size of stream lengths and basin areas and regional characteristics. The spacial analysis is applied to stream slopes for upstream and downstream at weirs, stream networks and ground water pump stations, sinuosity of drying stream. As a result of drying streams survey analysis, drying stream characteristics are followed; levee types are earth and natural, cross sectional shapes are trapezoid, stream bed materials are gravels and sands, facilities in streams are weirs. The cause of the reduction analyzed by investigation of the current status of facilities for agricultural water use. Agricultural reservoirs block up the stream and water does not flow over the reservoirs except by storm. They also discharge water through diversion channels and the water diverted does not flow through the natural stream. Farmers directly take water from the stream by weirs.

• Journal of Fashion Business
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.73-86
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• 2001

This study aims at reviewing the Kitsch aesthetics, grasping the relation between the Kitsch and consumption culture, and pursuing the intrincis meanings and expressive characteristics of Kitsch in the hair style and head dress in the 1990s. Kitsch generally implies a vulgarity, and a bad taste, and can be considered to be a kind of vicarious experience, the aesthetic deception and self-deception. In spite of these negative inplications of Kitsch, the aesthetic categories of Kitsch have been spread to public and been accepted by the public, with the help of the powerful promotion of the modern day mass media. 1. The intrincis meanings of Kitsch convey 1) escapism, 2) conformity, 3) amusements, 4) identification. 2. The expressive characteristics of Kitsch represent 1) aesthetic inadequacy: hair style and head dress showing the imperpectness, accumulation(superfluous ornaments), vulgarity, untidines. 2) resistance: hair style and head dress featuring deconstructional and violent forms revealing the uneasiness, and unsatisfaction of the given regularity. 3) humor: hair style and head dress featuring the innocence, humor, and fun for a relaxation and diversion. 4) hedonism: hair style and head dress with the erotic and sexual feelings. 5) retro, romantism: hair style and head dress featuring the elegance, femininity, folklore, ethnic, and nostalgia.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Culture
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• v.20 no.5
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• pp.548-553
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• 2005

The purpose of this study was to investigate eating-out behavior patterns of university students. A questionnaire survey was conducted on 610 university students(male : 41.5%, female: 58.5%). The main results are as follows: The motivation of eating out for the university students was the highest to take care of a meal, the second motivation was the social reason for the male student, but accomodate diversion for the female student. The time of eating-out was the highest from 31 minutes to 60 minutes. The eating-out cost of one time was highest from 5,000 won to 10,000 won. The eating-out cost of one month was the highest from 50,000 won to 100,000 won. The both male and female students were favorite of the korean foods. The left-over foods were higher female students compared with male students. The style of left-over foods was highest the korean foods. The payment style was high the most student by turns. The frequency of eating-out was high male students compared with female students as below (lunch>dinner>breakfast). The criteria for the selecting eating-out level was appeared as below (Taste>Cleanliness and hygiene>Kindness and good service>Price>Atmosphere>Variety of menu>Promptness of service>Convenient location>Quantity of food>Reputation). Both students liked hot tastes.

• KIEAE Journal
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• v.4 no.2
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• pp.41-47
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• 2004

This study is to improve plan for the law and regulation systems on the perpendicular greening with containers to improve urban environment. The supports backed by laws and regulations are imperative for the activation of building greening. Although some local administrations in Korea try to lead perpendicular greening on building by means of Green Building certification system and so on, greening policies and managements are not pushed forward with consistency. Therefore building greening should be admitted to be a substitute green tract of land. The positive construction and management of greenzone should be accomplished as well. Devices, so to speak, which put greening under an obligation or authorize it as legal landscape area should be made rather than recommendations to make greenzone through current incentive systems. Positive perpendicular greening on building can be achieved by supplementing the law and regulation and incentive system about simplified planter. If planting and managing of simplified planter are continually entrusted to residents, even vertical landscapes will be affected by illegal diversion and negligence in result. Therefore, supports from governments and local administrations are needed.

• International Commerce and Information Review
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• v.15 no.4
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• pp.217-240
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• 2013

The investment environment in Korea and U.S. dramatically changed since Korea-US FTA. The key reasons for this successful change were liberalization and strengthened protection of investment along with trade liberalization which also brought investment market expansion. As the result of trade-diversion effect, investments between two countries have been enormously increased. Through a FTA with the big economy like US, Korea's FTA network has been largely expanded. Korea further needs to utilize this outcome when competing with other countries in investment markets.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.31 no.4
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• pp.641-655
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• 2001

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to determine the important factors on juvenile delinquency and to examine relationships between sex, age, the family environment, the personality of adolescents, smoking, and juvenile delinquency. Methods: Data collection was done through questionnaire surveys. The subjects for this study consisted of 1,948 adolescents delinquents : 784, students : 1,164 in Korea, using proportional stratified random sampling method. Statistical methods employed were chi-square, t-test and path analysis. Results: The results of this study were as follows : 1. The delinquent adolescents were reared in a more dysfunctional family environment, and had a higher maladaptive personality than the other student adolescents. 2. The delinquent adolescents showed the larger amount of smoking than the student adolescents. The cause of increased smoking tendency among delinquents simply were 'for social relation', 'for diversion', 'for nicotine addiction', whereas 'for tension relieving' among non-delinquent adolescents. 3. The most powerful contributors on delinquent behavior were antisocial personality tendencies, smoking, sex, strength of parent- child relationships, and the age of the adolescents in this order. Conclusions: Our cross-sectional findings indicate that smoking was one of the most powerful contributing variables to delinquent behavior, but family environment, personality, sex and age of adolescents were also proved to be strong exogenous variables to smoking in adolescents.

• The Research Journal of the Costume Culture
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.116-131
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• 2002

The purposes of this study were to analyze the lifestyle of women in their 50's and 60's and to provide the basis for the efficient strategy of silver market by classifying women in their 50's and 60's according to lifestyle types and investigating the effect of consumers' lifestyle and demographic characteristics on consumers' clothing buying motived and information sources. In this study, a self-administered questionnaire was distributed to women in their 50's and 60's. 226 questionnaires of 350 were used in the following analysis. The data were analyzed with the SPSS package. The results of this study were as follows. First, lifestyle were analyzed to find out the underlying factors, and then the subjects were grouped according to factor scores by the cluster analysis. Four lifestyle types were defined. They were the traditional family-oriented, the ostentatious purchase, the economical material-oriented, the active economics-oriented type. Second, a consumer's buying motives and information sources in buying clothing were significantly different depending on the consumer's lifestyle. The ostentatious purchase type attached importance to impulse buying and in diversion in clothing buying motives and display in information sources. The economical material-oriented type tend to buy clothes to purchase economically during bargain sales. The active economics-oriented type attached importance to worn out clothing in buying motives.

• The Korean Journal of Pain
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.3-13
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• 2013

Chronic noncancer pain is a significant and growing public health challenge in the United States. Lacking effective alternative interventions for effective chronic noncancer pain management, many physicians have turned to opioid pharmacotherapy. Increased opioid prescribing brings not only gains in therapeutic benefit but also a higher incidence of adverse drug events including increased medication misuse and opioid related mortality. Currently the United States must confront the dual problems of widespread undertreated chronic noncancer pain and a prescription opioid abuse crisis. Withholding pain relieving drugs from patients in need is unjustifiable, yet drug diversion, abuse and adverse drug events have become major social as well as medical problems. At the heart of this crisis is the lack of definitive evidence about the risk to benefit ratio of opioid pharmacotherapy for chronic noncancer pain both on an individual case and on a population basis. This article describes the extent and severity of the American chronic noncancer pain problem and the history of opioid pharmacotherapy for chronic noncancer pain in the United States. It then discusses the concept of evidence based practice and reviews current evidence supporting opioid pharmacotherapy for chronic noncancer pain as well as adverse drug events related to opioid pharmacotherapy including misuse and abuse. Finally, it considers the conflict of providing pain relief versus protecting society and reviews steps that governmental agencies, industry and others are taking to contain and ultimately resolve the problems of excessive prescribing and conflicting priorities.