• 한국안광학회지
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• 제10권3호
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• pp.205-213
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• 2005

교정시력이 1.0 이상인 21세에서 30세 사이인 대학생 90명(남25명, 여65명)을 대상으로 포롭터를 이용하여 양안시 검사를 하였다. 원거리에서 허성상대 폭주력(외전)의 기대치(흐린점/분리점/회복점)내에 포함되는 대상의 비율은 78%/61%/67%로 나타났고, 개산과다는 9%/31%/23%, 개산부족은 13%/8%/9%이었다. 원거리에서 실성상대폭주력(내전)은 20%/46%/39%, 폭주과다는 22%/14%/16%, 폭주부족은 35%/40%/45%를 각각 보였다. AC/A비 측정에서 42명이 정상이었고 38명은 낮음, 나머지는 높음을 보였으며 낮은 AC/A비는 조절관계에서 낮은 이향운동의 결과로 볼 수 있다. 근거리에서 허성상대 폭주력 기대치는 26%/29%/44%로 나타났고, 개산과다는 61%/33%/24%, 개산부족은 3%138%/32%이었으며 실성상대 폭주력의 기대치내에 포함되는 대상의 비율은 33%/40%/31%, 폭주과다는 61%/23%/42%, 폭주부족은 6%/37%/27%로 각각 나타났다. 폭주근점 검사에서 58%는 8cm 이내로 기대치에 포함되었다. 허성상대조절력(NRA)과 실성상대조절력(PRA) 검사 결과 기대지내에 포함되는 대상의 비율은 각각 41%와 33%였다. 그리고 조절부족은 33%와 43% 및 조절과다는 26%와 24%를 각각 나타냈다. 조절과다는 NRA의 낮은값과 관련되었고 초절부족과 폭주과다는 NRA의 높은 값과 관련 있고, 조절과다이면서 폭주과다인 기능 이상은 NRA의 높은 값과 관련 있는 것으로 나타났다.

• 비파괴검사학회지
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• 제26권3호
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• pp.198-205
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• 2006

The necessity of nondestructively inspecting austenitic steels, fiber-reinforced composites, and other inherently anisotropic materials has stimulated considerable interest in developing beam models for anisotropic media. The properties of slowness surface playa key role in the beam models based on the paraxial approximation. In this paper, we apply a modular multi-Gaussian beam (MMGB) model to study the effects of material anisotropy on ultrasonic beam profile. It is shown that the anisotropic effects of beam skew and excess beam divergence enter into the MMGB model through parameters defining the slope and curvature of the slowness surface. The overall beam profile is found when the quasilongitudinal(qL) beam propagates in the symmetry plane of transversely isotropic austenitic steels. Simulation results are presented to illustrate the effects of these parameters on ultrasonic beam diffraction and beam skew. The MMGB calculations are also checked by comparing the anisotropy factor and beam skew angle with other analytical solutions.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• 제63권2호
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• pp.248-261
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• 2021

Attributable to their major function in pathogen recognition, the use of bovine leukocyte antigens (BoLA) as disease markers in immunological traits in cattle is well established. However, limited report exists on polymorphism of the BoLA gene in zebu cattle breeds by high resolution typing methods. Thus, we used a polymerase chain reaction sequence-based typing (PCR-SBT) method to sequence exon 2 of the BoLA class II DRB3 gene from 100 animals (Boran, n = 13; Sheko, n = 20; Fogera, n = 16; Horro, n = 19), Hanwoo cattle (n = 18) and Bangladesh Red Chittagong zebu (n = 14). Out of the 59 detected alleles, 43 were already deposited under the Immuno Polymorphism Database for major histocompatibility complex (IPD-MHC) while 16 were unique to this study. Assessment of the level of genetic variability at the population and sequence levels with genetic distance in the breeds considered in this study showed that Zebu breeds had a gene diversity score greater than 0.752, nucleotide diversity score greater than 0.152, and mean number of pairwise differences higher than 14, being very comparable to those investigated for other cattle breeds. Regarding neutrality tests analyzed, we investigated that all the breeds except Hanwoo had an excess number of alleles and could be expected from a recent population expansion or genetic hitchhiking. Howbeit, the observed heterozygosity was not significantly (p < 0.05) higher than the expected heterozygosity. The Hardy Weinberg equilibrium (HWE) analysis revealed non-significant excess of heterozygote animals, indicative of plausible over-dominant selection. The pairwise FST values suggested a low genetic variation among all the breeds (FST = 0.056; p < 0.05), besides the rooting from the evolutionary or domestication history of the cattle. No detached clade was observed in the evolutionary divergence study of the BoLA-DRB3 gene, inferred from the phylogenetic tree based on the maximum likelihood model. The investigation herein indicated the clear differences in BoLA-DRB3 gene variability between African and Asian cattle breeds.