• The Journal of Fisheries Business Administration
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• v.46 no.3
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• pp.143-161
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• 2015

This study presents a comparative analysis on mackerel distribution process and price formation process, and investigation of price and margin between traditional markets and Large-scale discount store distribution channel. Through this, the study investigated distribution efficiency of each channel, and examined whether a difference of distribution efficiency leads to a difference of performance through the investigation of a difference of function and role between members of a wholesale market and vendor of Large scale discount store. The following are the results of this study. As a consequence of investigating supply and sum by distribution channel of mackerel, it appeared that mackerels shipped from port market are distributed into 9 consumption sites(Wholesale market, Large scale discount store, Institutional Food Service, etc.). In the comparison of distribution efficiency between traditional retail store and Large scale discount store 52.0% margin is formed in traditional retail store distribution channel and 43.1% margin is formed in Large scale discount store, and a distribution cost rate consists of 19.4% cost in a traditional retail store for fishery products and 18.1% cost in a Large-scale discount store. To analyze a difference of performance, the study examine a difference of role and function between vendor and Wholesale market company, wholesaler and middleman. Wholesale market company and middleman of wholesale market for consumer have slightly high or similar score in collection function, sorting function, evaluation function and financial function which are traditional and original. However, it was confirmed that vendor has a better score in other functions, that is, newly-demanded functions(ex : market frontier function, product development function, Integral Distribution Function, etc.).

• Proceedings of the Korean Operations and Management Science Society Conference
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• 2004.05a
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• pp.734-737
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• 2004

When the margin level is set relatively low, margin violation probability increases and the default probability of the futures market rises. On the other hand, if the margin level is set high, the margin violation probability decreases, but the futures market becomes less attractive to hedgers as the investor's opportunity cost increases. In this paper, we investigate whether the movement of KOSPI200(Korea Composite Stock Price Index 200) futures daily prices can be modeled with the extreme value theory. Base on this investigation, we examine the validity of the margin level set by the extreme value theory. Computational results are presented to compare the extreme value distribution and the empirical distribution of margin violation in KOSPI200. Some observations and implications drawn from the computational experiment are also discussed.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Industry Convergence
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.85-95
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• 2005

The margin level in the futures market platys an important role in balancing the default probability with the investor's opportunity cost. In this paper, we investigate whether the movement of KOSPI200 futures daily prices can be modeled with the extreme value theory. Based on this investigation, we examine the validity of the margin level set by the extreme value theory. Moreover, we propose an expected profit-maximization model for securities companies. In this model, the extreme value theory is used for cost estimation, and a regression analysis is used for revenue calculation. Computational results are presented to compare the extreme value distribution with the empirical distribution of margin violation in KOSPI200 and to examine the suitability of the expected profit-maximization model.

• Journal of Technologic Dentistry
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.79-88
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• 2000

The objective of this finite element method study was to analyze the stress distribution induced in a maxillary central incisor Ni-Cr base metal coping ceramic crowns with various margin design. Margin designs of crown in this experiment were knife-edge metal margin on chamfer finishing line of tooth preparation(M1), butt metal margin on shoulder finishing line(M2), reinforced butt metal margin on shoulder finishing line(M3), beveled metal margin on bevelde shoulder finishing line(M4). Two- dimensional finite element models of crown designs were subjected to a simulated biting force of 100N which was forced over porcelain near the lingual incisal edge. Base on plane stress analysis, the maxium von Miss stresses(Mpa) in porcelain venner was 0.432, in metal coping was 0.579, in dentin abutment was 0.324 for M1 model, and M2 model revealed in porcelain was 0.556, in metal coping was 0.511, in dentin was 0.339, and M3 model revealed in porcelain was 0.556, in metal coping was 0.794, in dentin was 0.383 for M4 model. All values of each material in metal-ceramic crown were much below the critical failure values.

• Journal of Mechanical Science and Technology
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• v.19 no.6
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• pp.1280-1289
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• 2005

This paper presents the effects of corrosion environments of failure pressure model for buried pipelines on failure prediction by using a failure probability. The FORM (first order reliability method) is used in order to estimate the failure probability in the buried pipelines with corrosion defects. The effects of varying distribution types of random variables such as normal, lognormal and Weibull distributions on the failure probability of buried pipelines are systematically investigated. It is found that the failure probability for the MB31G model is larger than that for the B31G model. And the failure probability is estimated as the largest for the Weibull distribution and the smallest for the normal distribution. The effect of data scattering in corrosion environments on failure probability is also investigated and it is recognized that the scattering of wall thickness and yield strength of pipeline affects the failure probability significantly. The normalized margin is defined and estimated. Furthermore, the normalized margin is used to predict the failure probability using the fitting lines between failure probability and normalized margin.

• Proceedings of the IEEK Conference
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• 2000.06e
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• pp.77-80
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• 2000

This paper describes a new method to decide the margin for the sustain voltage of AC PDPs based on the wall-charge distribution. We model the discharge cell and measure the wall-charge when sustain pulses are applied to the AC PDP. The measured wall-charge distribution informs us of the voltage forming the maximum wall-charge which should be chosen as the sustain voltage.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• v.34 no.1
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• pp.68-79
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• 2002

The approach for evaluating the critical heat flux (CHF) margin using the departure from nucleate boiling ratio (DNBR) concept has been widely applied to PWR core design, while DNBR in this approach does not indicate appropriately the CHF margin in terms of the attainable power margin-to-CHF against a reactor core condition. The CHF power margin must be calculated by increasing power until the minimum DNBR reaches a DNBR limit. The Critical Power Ratio (CPR), defined as the ratio of the predicted CHF power to the operating power, is considered more reasonable for indicating the CHF margin and can be calculated by a CPR orrelation based on the heat balance of a test bundle. This approach yields directly the CHF power margin, but the calculated CPR must be corrected to compensate for many local effects of the actual core, which are not considered in the CHF test and analysis. In this paper, correction of the calculated CPR is made so that it may become equal to the DNB overpower margin. Exemplary calculations showed that the correction tends to be increased as power distribution is more distorted, but are not unduly large.

• Geotechnical Engineering
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• v.4 no.2
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• pp.5-14
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• 1988

A probabilistic model for the progressive failure in a homogeneous soil slope consisting of strain-softening material is presented. The local safety margin of any slice above failure surface is assumed to follow a normal distribution. Uncertainties of the shear strength along potential failure surface are expressed by one-dimensional random field models. In this paper, only the case where failure initiates at toe and propagates up to the crest is considerd. The joint distribution of the safety margin of any two adjacent slices above the failure surface is assumed to be bivariate normal. The overall probability of the sliding failure is expressed as a product of probabilities of a series of conditional el.eats. Finally, the developed procedure has been applied in a case study to yield the reliability of a cut slope.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• v.55 no.5
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• pp.1924-1934
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• 2023

In this study, the probabilistic fatigue life model for Ni-base alloys was developed based on the Weibull distribution using statistical analysis of fatigue data reported in NUREG/CR-6909 and the new fatigue data of Alloy 52M/152 and 82/182. The developed Weibull model can consider right-censored data (i.e., non-failed data) and quantify the improved safety (or reliability) based on the level of failure probability. The overall margin in the current fatigue design limit model (ASME design curve + NUREG/CR-6909 F_en model) is similar to that of the Weibull model with a cumulative failure probability of approximately 2.5%. The margin in the current fatigue design limit model demonstrated inconsistencies for the Ni-base alloy weld data, whereas the Weibull model showed a consistent margin. Therefore, the Weibull model can systematically mitigate the excessive safety margin.

• The Journal of Fisheries Business Administration
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• v.31 no.1
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• pp.33-54
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• 2000

This study intends to examine the distribution channel of the most popular ten species caught in Korean coastal and off-shore fisheries with the aid of interviewing fish brokers and cooperative staffs in fish landing markets. This paper finds and emphasizes the following three suggestions, in order to improve the present scheme of fish distribution system. Firstly, annual catch of 10 kinds of fishes is successively decreasing in quantity from 1994 to 1998. Moreover annual catch shows larger variations than fish price and cooperative sales quantity. Except sea eel and sole, cooperative sales accommodates more than 90% of the fish landed, accounting for the small variation in cooperative sales, which invalidates the effectiveness of the free distribution system adopted by the government. Secondly, diversified distribution channels are exposed according to the nature of the fish, the method to harvest, and the quantity caught. Large retailers such as discount stores, super chains and home shopping institutions are actively involving themselves in direct purchase in fish landing markets. Through the analysis of distribution routes, the general distribution channel of fresh fish has been found such as producers longrightarrow fish brokers in landing markets longrightarrow fish brokers in central wholesale markets longrightarrow wholesalers longrightarrow retailers longrightarrow consumers. In order to reduce distribution margin through the analysis of distribution function and distribution margin, this paper presents a new distribution channel such as producers longrightarrow fish brokers in landing markets longrightarrow wholesalers longrightarrow retailers longrightarrow consumers. Thirdly, to improve the fish landing markets, this paper suggests the M&A of uneconomical fish landing markets or renovating toward wholesalers, introduction of processing services and improvement of processing facilities, subsidizing fish brokers in landing markets, revitalization of marketing divisions in cooperatives and improvement in fish auction system.