• Journal of Korean Medicine Rehabilitation
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• v.30 no.2
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• pp.67-75
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• 2020

Objectives SJ004 is a natural herbal medicine that contains Acyranthes japonica Nakai and Eucommia ulmoides Oliver traditionally used for joint and spinal diseases. This study aimed to establish an efficient method of extracting SJ004 to standardize using the yield, high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), and antioxidant assay. Methods SJ004 was extracted with distilled water, 70% and 100% of ethyl alcohol (EtOH). The method validation of 20-hydroxyecdysone and pinoresinol diglucoside was determined by HPLC-photo diode array and the content of SJ004 was calculated. The antioxidant activity of each extract was compared and measured using total flavonoids, total phenolic compounds, 2,2-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid), and ferric reducing antioxidant power according to the standard protocol. Results The yield was highest in pure water extract and lowest in 100% EtOH. But, the content of marker compounds indicating 20-hydroxyecdysone and pinoresinol diglucoside was highest in 100% EtOH extract. In the physiological activity measurement using antioxidant activity, 100% ethanol extract was highest. The limit of detection indicating 20-hydroxyecdysone and pinoresinol diglucoside were analyzed 0.33 ㎍/mL, 0.1616 ㎍/mL, and the limit of quantification were analyzed 1.01 ㎍/mL and 0.49 ㎍/mL respectively. Conclusions The experimental results showed that the extraction conditions have a significant effect on content of marker compounds and antioxidant activity. As a result of method validation, SJ004 was standardized by 20-hydroxyecdysone and pinoresinol diglucoside.

• Journal of Korean Medicine Rehabilitation
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• v.30 no.4
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• pp.41-53
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• 2020

Objectives The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of Silbi-san on the antioxidant and fat accumulation inhibition and to analyze the anti-obesity effect by analyzing the changes in serum lipid composition in obese mice. Methods We compared contents of phytochemicals like total polyphenols and total flavonoid and antioxidant activities such as 2,2-dipheny-1-picrylhydrazyl and 2.2'-azino-bis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulphonic acid) radical scavenging activity. After Silbi-san in 3T3-L1 cells in vitro and mouse adipose tissue ex vivo, we quantified intracellular triglyceride accumulation and lipolysis. Moreover, the anti-obesity activity though inhibiting pancreatic lipase were analyzed. In 3T3-L1 cells, morphological changes showed that control cells had many lipid while cells treated with Silbi-san had less lipid accumulation. 30% EtOH Silbi-san treatment also suppressed the fat absorption by inhibiting the activity of pancreatic lipase and led to high lipolysis through promoting glycerol release. The experimental group was divided into four groups: Normal group fed normal feed, Control group fed 60% high fat diet (HFD) and distilled water, drug group fed 60% high fat diet and 200 mg/kg of Silbi-san water extract, drug group fed 60% HFD and 200 mg/kg of Silbi-san 30% ethanol extract. Results Serum total cholesterol content and serum low density lipoprotein-cholesterol content were significantly decreased in the Silbi-san extract group compared to the control group, serum high density lipoprotein-cholesterol content was significantly increased in Silbi-san extract group. Conclusions In this study, the antioxidant and fat accumulation inhibitory effects of Silbi-san were confirmed.

• The Journal of Internal Korean Medicine
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• v.42 no.1
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• pp.1-10
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• 2021

Objective: This study was conducted to investigate the effect of Chaenomelis Fructus (CF) water extract on thioacetamide (TAA)-treated rats. Methods: Rats were divided into five groups: one normal group (n=8) and four with TAA-induced hepatic injury. These treatment groups were administered distilled water (n=8); silymarin 100 mg/kg (n=8); CF 100 mg/kg (n=8); and CF 200 mg/kg (n=8). In the TAA groups, the acute liver injury was induced via IP injection (200 mg/kg), and the silymarin and CF extract were then orally administered for three days. Subsequently, serum levels of GOT, GPT, and ammonia were confirmed as well as protein expressions using liver tissue. Results: In the liver injury-induced rats, CF administration reduced tissue damage and serum levels of GOT, GPT, and ammonia. In addition, CF increased the anti-oxidant proteins Nrf2, Keap1, HO-1, and catalase and significantly regulated matrix metalloproteinases (MMP-2 and MMP-9) and their tissue inhibitors (TIMP-1 and TIMP-2). Conclusions: In this animal model of liver injury induced by TAA, CF extract is determined to have a hepatoprotective effect by increasing anti-oxidant proteins that relieve damage and by regulating the expression of matrix metalloproteinases.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.54 no.6
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• pp.938-947
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• 2021

Messerschmidia sibirica is a halophyte that grows in high-salinity areas of coastal sand dunes and sandy shores. This study was conducted to investigate the constituents, antioxidant potency, and physiological activities of M. sibirica. Mineral analyses revealed that potassium, calcium, sodium, and magnesium were the most prevalent minerals in M. sibirica leaves and stems. We used 70% ethanol, 80% methanol, and distilled water as solvents to prepare extracts from M. sibirica tissues, with extraction yields of between approximately 19% and 27% being obtained. Among the six types of extract, the leaf ethanol extract (LEE) was characterized by the highest total polyphenol and flavonoid contents, and the antioxidant activities of the LEE were also the highest among the different solvent extracts. In addition, the leaf water extract was shown to have the highest tyrosinase and α-glucosidase inhibitory activities, whereas the leaf methanol extract was found to have the highest elastase inhibitory activity. Notably, all leaf extracts were established to have more than 75% β-secretase (BACE1) inhibitory activity at a final concentration of 0.5 mg/mL. These results indicate that leaf extracts of M. sibirica may have beneficial antioxidant properties, and could thus have potential application as functional supplements in food and pharmaceutical products.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.55 no.6
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• pp.858-866
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• 2022

The present study investigated the chemical composition, and antioxidant and physiological activities of the Korean marine algae, Codium fragile. The solvent extracts from C. fragile were prepared using 70% ethanol, 80% methanol, and distilled water. Based on the general chemical composition, carbohydrate, crude protein, crude lipid, crude ash, and moisture were 74.22%, 16.73%, 0.66%, 4.39%, and 4.00%, respectively. Calcium, magnesium, sodium and potassium were the main minerals. The extraction yield range of the solvent extracts was 3.51-9.76%. The ranges of total polyphenol and flavonoid contents were approximately 10.97-13.76 mg/g and 8.00-8.69 mg/g, respectively. The ABTS [2,2'-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulfonic acid)] radical scavenging activity, reducing power and FRAP (ferric reducing antioxidant power) activities were the highest in the ethanol extract, while methanol extract exhibited the strongest nitrite oxide scavenging activity. On the other hand, tyrosinase, elastase, and xanthine oxidase inhibitory activities of the ethanol and methanol extracts were higher than those of the water extract. Furthermore, the ethanol extract exhibited the highest β-secretase inhibitory activity. The results indicate that C. fragile can be used as an antioxidant and a functional ingredient in food and pharmaceutical products.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.19 no.4
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• pp.601-604
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• 2006

The objective of this study was to investigate technical methods for extraction of mucopolysachharide-protein containing chondroitin sulfate from keel cartilage of chickens. The chemical composition of chicken keel cartilage was determined. For the preparation of mucopolysaccharide-protein from lyophilized chicken keel cartilage, hot water extraction and alcalase hydrolysis methods were examined. Results showed that the optimum condition of hot water extraction was incubation for 120 min with a yield of 40.09% and chondroitin sulfate content of 28.46%. For alcalase hydrolysis, the most effective condition was 2% alcalase in 10 volumes of distilled water for 120 min. The yield of hydrolysate was 75.87%, and chondroitin sulfate content was 26.61%. For further separation of chondroitin sulfate from the alcalase hydrolysate, which has a higher yield than that of hot water, 60% ethanol precipitation was performed. The yield of the ethanol precipitate was 21.41% and its chondroitin sulfate content was 46.31%. The hot water extract, alcalase hydrolysate and ethanol precipitate showed similar electrophoretic migration with standard chondroitin sulfate (chondroitin sulfate A), using cellulose acetate membrane electrophoresis. These results indicated that a significant amount of mucopolysaccharide-protein containing chondroitin sulfate could be acquired form chicken keel cartilage. Therefore, keel cartilage in chicken may provide an inexpensive source of chondroitin sulfate for commercial purposes.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.20 no.5
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• pp.441-446
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• 1987

To develop cheaper and safer natural antioxidative substance instead of synthesized ones, the extract of skipjack meat was examined for the antioxidative effects and factors. Amino-N of skipjack meat extract was 15.3 mg/100g, and the extract apparently showed inhibitory effect on the oxidation of methyl linoleate. Antioxidative activity of extract revealed a tendancy to reduce slightly in proportion to hydrolyzing. When extract was dialyzed in distilled water, the outer fraction had a strong inhibitory effect on the oxidation of nethyl linoleate, while the inner fraction showed no effect. From the omission test and chemical analysis, the major antioxidative factors of skipjack meat extract were amino acids such as anserine, histidine, carnosine and alanine. As well nucleotides such as AMP, hypoxanthine seemed to act an auxiliary role in antioxidative effect of that.

• Journal of Korean society of Dental Hygiene
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• v.12 no.3
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• pp.631-640
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• 2012

Objectives : This study mean to confirm the antibacterial activity of a garlic extract widely culturing in our region and was to determine the effect of dentifrice containing 0.1% extracts of garlic on dental plaque and gingivitis in a double blind and clinical studies in 50 healthy adults aged from 20 to 22 years who provided a consent for their participation. Methods : The antibacterial activity was evaluated using triple distilled water and the Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion method and the minimal inhibitory concentration(MIC) against various pathogens for periodontal disease, such as P. gingivalis 381(ATCC33277), was estimated. The experimental groups classified according to the concentration of garlic extract used: 10,000ppm(A), 5,000ppm(B), 2,500ppm(C), 1,000ppm(D). Oral examination of subjects was performed through clinical periods and on day of baseline, 6, 12, 19, 25 days plaque index and gingival index were scored by Turesky' modified index and Loe & Silness index. After 12, 19, 25 days use of their respective dentifrices, statistically decreases of plaque index, gingival index were shown in both the experimental and the control group, respectively. Results : There was significant antibacterial activity in the "2,500ppm(C)" group against P. gingivalis 381. Experimental group exhibited significantly the lower plaque levels and the higher levels of gingival health by the use of the dentifrices contained extract of garlic from 6 days compare with control group(p<0.05). The degree of decrease was more significant on gingivitis level of the experimental group than the control group(p<0.05). Conclusions : This findings indicated that the oral products containing a garlic extract is effective in preventing and treating periodontal diseases, and has potential value in inhibiting periopathogens.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine
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• v.24 no.3
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• pp.35-44
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• 2003

Objective : This study was performed to evaluate the effects of Palmijihwang-hwan (Baweidehuang-wan) and Obaeja (Galla Rhois) on the regeneration of periodontal tissue. Methods : In this study, we used MC3T3-El cells, such as osteoblast-like cell lines and human periodontal ligament fibroblasts, for experimental material. We separated each type of cells into a control group and an experimental group. In the control group, the cells were cultivated for 48 hours with distilled water and media which contained 10% fetal bovine serum (FBS) and penicillin (l00unit/ml)-streptomycin ($l00{\mu\textrm{g}}/ml$) at $37^{\circ}$ in 5% $CO_2$ gas. In the experimental group, the cells were cultivated for 48 hours with Palmijihwang-hwan extract and Obaeja extract (concentrations $1{\mu\textrm{g}}/ml,{\;}25{\mu\textrm{g}}/ml,{\;}50{\mu\textrm{g}}/ml$) under the same conditions as the control group. Investigating the regeneration of periodontal tissue was performed by evaluating proliferation, the activity of alkaline phosphatase and the synthetic ability of proteins using those cultivated cells by means of microculture tetrazolium (MTT) assay, alkaline phosphatase substrate kit and protein assay kit. Results : 1. In vitro, Palmijihwang-hwan extract increased the proliferation of MC3T3-El cells. 2. In vitro, Obaeja extract increased the activity of alkaline phosphatase and the synthetic ability of protein in MC3T3-El cells and human periodontal ligament fibroblasts depending on Obaeja extract's concentration. Conclusion : Obaeja extract can be developed as a subsidiary medicine for the regeneration of periodontal tissue. Further studies to evaluate the different concentrations the Obaeja extract and clinical trials in vivo are suggested.

• The Korea Journal of Herbology
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• v.34 no.2
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• pp.1-14
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• 2019

Objective : This study was designed to evaluate the protective effect of Rehmanniae Radix Crudus (RC) in 150 mM HCl/ethanol induced acute gastritis mice. Methods : ICR mice were divided into 5 groups (normal group, control group, 10 mg/kg sucralfate treated group, 50 mg/kg RC treated group, 100 mg/kg RC treated group, n=8). Normal group was not take any treatment. Control group induced gastritis 1 hour after ingestion of distilled water. 10 mg/kg sucralfate induced group was induced gastritis 1 hour after ingestion of distilled of sucralfate 10 mg/kg. 50 mg/kg and 100 mg/kg RC treated groups were induced gastritis 1 hour after ingestion of distilled of RC 50 mg/kg and 100 mg/kg. After 1 hour of gastritis induction, removed the stomach tissue. We examined histological observations, oxidative stress biomarkers, antioxidant proteins, inflammatory mediators and cytokines. Results : In this study, the RC treatment group showed gastritis and gastric ulcer inhibition, and the area of injury decreased. The oxidative stress biomarkers such as reactive oxygen species (ROS) and peroxy nitrite ($ONOO^-$) in the serum were reduced in the RC treated group. Inaddition, antioxidant proteins (nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2, Heme oxygenase 1) were increased in RC treated group, and the expression of inflammatory mediators and cytokines induced by nuclear factor-kappa B activation was inhibited. Conclusion : According to the results, RC may have an excellent inhibitory effect on acute gastritis and gastric ulcer.