• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.29 no.4
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• pp.651-657
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• 2019

Although smallpox was eradicated in 1980, it is still considered a potential agent of biowarfare and bioterrorism. Smallpox has the potential for high mortality rates along with a major public health impact, eventually causing public panic and social disruption. Passive administration of neutralizing monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) is an effective intervention for various adverse reactions caused by vaccination and the unpredictable nature of emerging and bioterrorist-related infections. Currently, vaccinia immune globulin (VIG) is manufactured from vaccinia vaccine-boosted plasma; however, this production method is not ideal because of its limited availability, low specific activity, and risk of contamination with blood-borne infectious agents. To overcome the limitations of VIG production from human plasma, we isolated two human single-chain variable fragments (scFvs), (SC34 and SC212), bound to vaccinia virus (VACV), from a scFv phage library constructed from the B cells of VACV vaccine-boosted volunteers. The scFvs were converted to human IgG1 (VC34 and VC212). These two anti-VACV mAbs were produced in Chinese Hamster Ovary (CHO) DG44 cells. The binding affinities of VC34 and VC212 were estimated by competition ELISA to $IC_{50}$ values of $2{\mu}g/ml$ (13.33 nM) and $22{\mu}g/ml$ (146.67 nM), respectively. Only the VC212 mAb was proven to neutralize the VACV, as evidenced by the plaque reduction neutralization test (PRNT) result with a $PRNT_{50}$ of ~0.16 mg/ml (${\sim}1.07{\mu}M$). This VC212 could serve as a valuable starting material for further development of VACV-neutralizing human immunoglobulin for a prophylactic measure against post-vaccination complications and for post-exposure treatment against smallpox.

• Journal of vocational education research
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• v.30 no.4
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• pp.129-141
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• 2011

The aim of this study was to investigate the influence of self efficacy, emotional labor, and social support on job center workers' psychological burnout. The data in the study were collected from 132 workers who work for job center in Busan, Ulsan, Gimhae, and Jinhae, and Self-Estimate Inventory, Emotional Labor Scale, Social Support Scale, and Maslach Burnout Inventory were used. Correlation analysis and multiple regression analysis were applied for data processing. The results of the study are as follows. First, the study found a correlation between job center workers' self efficacy and psychological burnout, with higher self efficacy being less burnout. This shows that self efficacy has an meaningful influence on job center workers' psychological burnout. Second, it also found a correlation between job center workers' emotional labor and psychological burnout, with higher emotional labor being more burnout. However, multiple regression analysis indicates that frequency of emotional display, attentiveness to required display rule, and emotional dissonance which are sub-factors of emotional labor have a negative influence on psychological burnout. Third, it found a correlation between job center workers' social support and psychological burnout, with higher social support being less burnout. Among sub-factors of social support, material support and evaluative support have a meaningful influence on psychological burnout statistically. Fourth, it showed that self efficacy has a high influence on psychological burnout. This research suggests to provide basic materials which are a great help to study job center worker's psychological burnout, and proposes to arrange various program for developing human resources of job center as a public employment organization.

• Korean Journal of Heritage: History & Science
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• v.46 no.2
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• pp.206-219
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• 2013

This study aims to estimate firing temperature and physicochemical properties of the four clay bricks excavated from the Maritime Province of Siberia. Analysis result shows that the specimens are composed of clay, quartz and feldspar, and some specimens include carbonized organic materials which were probably added in order to enhance its physical strength in bricks. Major mineral components of the bricks are quartz, illite and clay minerals. The result identifying the existence of silimanite by XRD suggests that white material of the Koc 1 was painted for a certain purpose. Unlike most specimens which contained hematite, several samples contain Mullite. Such result suggests that some bricks were fired at high temperature. Furthermore, the results from TG analysis which does not display exothermic peak which appears at between $800^{\circ}C$ to $1,000^{\circ}C$ but display endothermic peak at $900^{\circ}C$ and it also confirms that they were exposed at $900^{\circ}C$ or higher.

• Korean Journal of Heritage: History & Science
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• v.44 no.3
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• pp.62-77
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• 2011

Yi Sunsin's artifacts had been exhibited at Hyeonchungsa in Asan-si, Chungchungnam-do. These artifacts include Janggeom(Long swords), Okno(Jade ornament of Korea traditional hat), Yodae(Waist belt) and Dobae(Peach shaped wine cups) Gudae(Yodae's saucers). These were covered with dust and corroded due to long term display. Condition of these artifacts was examined for a re-opening of Yi Chungmugong Memorial Pavilion on 28 March 2011. Before conservation treatment of the artifacts, scientific analysis was conducted to identify the material of the artifacts. The result showed that the red paint on the hilt of the sword is composed of two layers. Pigments of two layers were found to be hematite and cinnabar mixed with red lead respectively. Mixed layer was assumed to have been applied recently. Also it was found that the blade of the sword was repainted using chrome yellow($PbCrO_4$). Considering the time limit, conservation treatment focused on stabilization of damaged area and prevention of futher risk during display.

• Composites Research
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• v.35 no.5
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• pp.303-308
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• 2022

PIC (Piecewise Integrated Composite) is a new concept for designing a composite structure with mosaically assigning various types of stacking sequences in order to improve mechanical properties of laminated composites. Also, machine learning is a sub-category of artificial intelligence, that refers to the process by which computers develop the ability to continuously learn from and make predictions based on data, then make adjustments without further programming. In the present study, the tapered box beam type PIC robot arm for carrying and transferring wide and thin LCD display was designed based on the machine learning in order to increase structural stiffness. Essential training data were collected from the reference elements, which were intentionally designated elements among finite element models, during preliminary FE analysis. Additionally, triaxiality values for each finite element were obtained for judging the dominant external loading type, such as tensile, compressive or shear. Training and evaluating machine learning model were conducted using the training data and loading types of elements were predicted in case the level accuracy was fulfilled. Three types of stacking sequences, which were to be known as robust toward specific loading types, were mosaically assigned to the PIC robot arm. Henceforth, the bending type FE analysis was carried out and its result claimed that the PIC robot arm showed increased stiffness compared to conventional uni-stacking sequence type composite robot arm.

• Journal of the Semiconductor & Display Technology
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.74-79
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• 2022

In this study, the plasma corrosion resistance and the change in the number of contamination particles generated using the plasma etching process and cleaning process of coating parts for semiconductor plasma etching equipment were investigated. As the coating method, atmospheric plasma spray (APS) was used, and the powder materials were Y₂O₃ and Y₃Al₅O₁₂ (YAG). There was a clear difference in the densities of the coatings due to the difference in solubility due to the melting point of the powdered material. As a plasma environment, a mixed gas of CF₄, O₂, and Ar was used, and the etching process was performed at 200 W for 60 min. After the plasma etching process, a fluorinated film was formed on the surface, and it was confirmed that the plasma resistance was lowered and contaminant particles were generated. We performed a surface cleaning process using piranha solution(H₂SO₄(3):H₂O₂(1)) to remove the defect-causing surface fluorinated film. APS-Y₂O₃ and APS-YAG coatings commonly increased the number of defects (pores, cracks) on the coating surface by plasma etching and cleaning processes. As a result, it was confirmed that the generation of contamination particles increased and the breakdown voltage decreased. In particular, in the case of APS-YAG under the same cleaning process conditions, some of the fluorinated film remained and surface defects increased, which accelerated the increase in the number of contamination particles after cleaning. These results suggest that contaminating particles and the breakdown voltage that causes defects in semiconductor devices can be controlled through the optimization of the APS coating process and cleaning process.

• Journal of Korea Entertainment Industry Association
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.81-88
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• 2019

This article aims to identify the characters and theme shown in dance costume and utilize them from an educational perspective by constructing digital museum archiving, which can be systematically collected, classified and stored from dance costume. It deals with definition of digital museum archiving as theoretical background and examples of how to create digital museum archiving as research content. The role that archiving plays in digital museum and effectiveness have been demonstrated. Archive is a term used to indicate extensive material and its storage and referred to as an integrative model of display in the computer-generated space. When it comes to producing dance costume as a form of digital museum, the museum is to be made in the computer-generated area of dance costume. The museum shows each division of major, medium and minor classification. The major classification divides genre of dance performance into Korean dance, modern dance and ballet. The middle involves choreographers, costume designers. The minor categorization includes newspaper, interviews, performance pictures, and programs. Digital museum has the value of space utilization, creation, culture, utilization of multiple educational programs, offering of digital museum content, two-way communication, and program development of the new display form.

• The Journal of the Convergence on Culture Technology
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.525-532
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• 2024

This study explores the impact of physical characteristics (e.g., shape, color, material, size, weight, technical features) of smart wristbands and smartwatches on consumers' perceived functional, aesthetic, and symbolic values using an extended technology acceptance model. An online survey was conducted with adult residents of the United States who had experience using smart wristbands or smartwatches. Participants were asked about various physical characteristics of products they had used in the past year or were currently using, and their evaluations of these characteristics. The results revealed that the shape of the front display shape significantly influenced symbolic value, with circle shape and square shpae showing significantly higher symbolic value than rectangle shape. Wristband materials also had a significant impact on symbolic value, with metal and leather showing higher symbolic value among various materials. Additionally, an increase in product size was associated with higher symbolic value. Moreover, certain technical features such as activity tracker, alarm clock, and distance tracking influenced perceived functional value, while functions like time display, GPS, and email influenced perceived aesthetic value. Pedometer, GPS, and email were found to enhance perceived symbolic value. These findings provide valuable insights into consumer preferences for smart wristbands and smartwatches, serving as valuable information for product improvement and new product development.

• Journal of Navigation and Port Research
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• v.27 no.3
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• pp.259-266
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• 2003

Due to the growth of population and industrial development at the coastal cities, there has been much increase in necessity to effective control of the wastes into the coastal water and river. The amount of disposal at those waters has been increased rapidly ana it is necessary for us to track of it in order to keep the waterway safe and the water clean. The investigation and research in terms of water quality in these regions have been conducted frequently but the systematic survey of the disposed wastes at the bottom was neglected and/or minor. In this study we surveyed the status of disposed waste distribution at the bottom of coastal water and river from the scanned images. The intensity of sound received by the side scan sonar tow fish from the sea floor provides information as to the general distribution and characteristics of the superficial wastes. The port and starboard side scanned images produced from two arrays of transducers borne on a tow fish connected by tow cable to a tug boat have the area with width of 22m~112m and band of 44m~224m. All data are displayed in real-time on a high-resolution color display ($1280{\times}1024$ pixels) together with position information by DGPS. From the field measurement and analysis of the recorded images, we could draw the location and distribution of bottom disposals. Furthermore, we could make a database system which might be useful for navigation and fundamental for planning the waste reception and process control system.

• Korean Journal of Materials Research
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• v.12 no.10
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• pp.771-775
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• 2002

$Gd_2$$O_3$:Eu phosphor particles with nano-sized and non-aggregation characteristics were prepared by spray pyrolysis using the spray solution containing polymeric precursor and $Li_2$$CO_3$ flux material. Nano-sized $Gd_2$$O_3$:Eu phosphor particles had higher brightness than the commercial $Y_2$$O_3$:Eu phosphor particles. The $Gd_2$$O_3$:Eu phosphor particles had nano-size and non-aggregation characteristics after heat-treatment at $1000^{\circ}C$ when the addition amount of $Li_2$$CO_3$ flux was 1 wt.% and 3 wt.%. The mean size of particles were 200 nm and 400 nm when the amount of flux was 1 wt.% and 3 wt.%, respectively. The prepared phosphor particles had higher photoluminescence intensity than that of the commercial product regardless of the content of$ Li_2$$CO_3$ flux and had the maximum brightness when the content of flux was 5 wt %. The photoluminescence intensity of the nano-sized $Gd_2$$O_3$:Eu phosphor particles containing 3 wt.% $Li_2$$CO_3$ flux was 125% in comparison with that of the micron-sized $Y_2$$O_3$:Eu commercial product.