• Korean Journal of Clinical Pharmacy
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.1-5
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• 2008

The goal of this research was to find out the effect of dispensing error prevention program on the incidence of the error in a university hospital pharmacy in Daegu. Dispensing error in this research was defined as the error identified during double-checking process, so it does not mean that the wrong dispensing was administered to patient. Drug name error was the most frequently found error, accounting for about one third of all dispensing errors, and was followed by counting error, strength error, dosage form error, and others. Similar drug name was identified as the most frequent reason for the error, taking up about two thirds of all drug name errors. In this research, six months of dispensing error prevention program resulted in statistically significant reduction of dispensing error by 42 percent. Therefore, it is recommended that hospital pharmacy implement such prevention program regularly to reduce the incidence of the error. Finally, it appears that drug approval authority should closely check the similar drug names and have power to command pharmaceutical company to change the name if pertinent.

• Korean Journal of Clinical Pharmacy
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• v.28 no.1
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• pp.51-56
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• 2018

Objective: An automated process for medication preparation and dispensing is essential to improve the quality of work. To reduce night pharmacy workload, a new automated dispensing cabinet system was implemented in a hospital emergency medical center. The purpose of this study is to verify that implementation of an automated dispensing cabinet system will influence the efficiency of night pharmacy work. Methods: To evaluate the new system implementation, a retrospective study and survey was performed in the Ewha Womans University medical center. We compared the dispensing and near-miss error rates between the automated dispensing cabinet system and a night pharmacy. The degree of satisfaction of night shift workers with the new system was surveyed. Results: This study showed significantly reduced dispensing rates of night medications (56.1% and 37.3%; p < 0.01) and near-miss night medications (0.27% and 0.17%; p<0.01). Thirty-two persons responded to the survey, and the satisfaction score for the new system was 4.0 (${\pm}0.8$). The scores were high in order of efficiency, management, and convenience. Time requirement was also reduced because of the simple step of only reviewing in the pharmacy with the new system. Conclusion: Due to system implementation, workload was reduced and time was saved for not only night shift workers but also patients receiving emergency discharge medicine. It was suggested that this will have a positive effect on pharmacist medical service and patient safety.

• Korean Journal of Clinical Pharmacy
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.37-42
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• 2009

The purpose of this study was to evaluate barriers to pharmacists' routine work in community setting. A survey was given to 281 pharmacists who enrolled in 16-week clinical pharmacy educating program in continuous education center for advanced pharmacy at Seoul National University. Three main questions that pharmacists were asked to answer were: (1) difficulties on dispensing prescription, (2) difficulties on communicating with doctors, (3) most difficult disease on patients counseling. The response rates for the survey were more than 60 % for each three questions (62.63 %, 63.7 %, and 64.41 %, respectively). The top three barriers to dispensing prescription were lack of professional knowledge about medications, prescription error and its solving ability and patient counseling. The top three barriers to communicating with doctors were lacking of opportunity to discuss about patients' medication due to unavailability of doctors, doctors' attitude using authoritative manner, and a pharmacist's lack of knowledge. The top 4 most difficult diseases on patients counseling were cardiovascular disorders, dermatologic disorders, endocrinologic disorders, and psychiatric disorders.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers B
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• v.35 no.11
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• pp.1127-1131
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• 2011

We report on a pumpless cell culture chip in which a constant medium perfusion rate is maintained by balanced droplet dispensing. Previous chips had a decreasing perfusion rate due to the decreasing hydraulic-head difference ${\Delta}h$ between the inlet and drain. However, the present chip maintains a constant medium perfusion rate due to the constant ${\Delta}h$ between the inlet and drain maintained by balanced droplet dispensing. The perfusion rate Q was measured to be 0.1-$0.3{\mu}l$/min with a maximum deviation and error of 9.96% and 6.92%, respectively. In the perfusion culture (Q = 0.1-$0.3{\mu}l$/min), the maximum growth-rate of H358 cells was measured to be $57.8%{\pm}21.1%$ per day, which is 1.9 times higher than that of a static culture. The perfusion culture also resulted in higher cell viability than a static culture. The present chip offers a favorable environment with a high growth-rate and viability and thus has potential for use in the integrated cell culture system.

• Journal of Korean Ophthalmic Optics Society
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.65-71
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• 2008

Purpose: This paper studied the effect of eyes on the comparison between the distance optical centers problem of dispensing reading glasses made by optician and finished reading glasses in the current market. Methods: The method of this study has been measured by eleven different categories from +1.00D to +4.00D. This study also separated into three groups by their optical frame size and measured optical center point (O.C) and optical center height (O.H) with 200 peoples of man and females over 40 years old without ocular disease living in Gwang-san gu, Gwang-Ju city. Results: As a result, optical center point ranged from 57 mm to 80 mm and it turned to be most common range is from 61 mm to 65 mm (64.6%). Moreover, the optical center height ranged from 1 mm to 8mm and most common ranged (23%) were 4 mm. In other words, finished reading glasses have irregular optical ranges. After observing 200 people who are over 40 years old men and women, result shows that more than 75.5% (151 people) currently use finished reading glasses. Survey of 151 people, most common error between the finished reading glasses's O.C and the wearers P.D were 4 mm (45%). Furthermore, the most common error between the finished reading glassses's O.H and the wearers O.H ranged from 3 mm to 4 mm. Astonishingly, the entire 151 people who wear finished reading glasses appeal that they feel tiredness on their eyes when they wear finished reading glasses. 53 people (35%) claimed that they feel tiredness on their eyes after 10 to 20 minutes wearing finished reading glasses. Base on the research, We conducted more experiment to find the value of prism of optical centers err because it will tell us whether the finished reading glasses are good enough to wear or not. We multiplied diopter by the difference between finished reading glasses's O.C. and wearer's P.D. Consequently, We found out that the finished reading glasses counter to the German RAL-RG 915 policy. And We also found that it is relative to the diopter of lenses. In conclusion, based on the researched that wearing finished reading glasses have a dangerous factor for our vision. Therefore optician must need to recommend correctly made dispensing reading glasses based on the optical center point.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Aviation and Aeronautics
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.68-75
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• 2018

A flare from an Air Force fighter was abnormally dispensed during the landing. To determine the cause of the abnormal dispensing, fracture analysis, signal analysis and reproduction experiments based on physics of failures were performed. The primary cause of the failure was analyzed to be due to an intermittent fault of an internal circuit card in the AN/ALE-40 chaff/flare dispenser by a broken lid of a capacitor, and the root cause which had derived the primary cause was considered to be an improper handling during the domestic maintenance which were changed from the overseas maintenance due to the DMSMS problem. Therefore, the overall process of the maintenance capability development system was reviewed and alternative ways that considers maintenance error decision aid(MEDA) for system improvement were suggested to prevent further failures.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Precision Engineering
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• v.28 no.8
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• pp.1000-1007
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• 2011

For enlarging the applications of microstereolithography, the use of diverse materials is required. In this study, the material switching system (MSS) for projection microstereolithography apparatus is proposed. The MSS consists of three part; resin level control, resin dispensing control, and vat level control. Curing characteristic of materials used in fabrication has been identified. Through repeated fabrication of test models, the critical fabrication error is investigated and a possible solution to this error is suggested. The developed system can be applied to improve the strength of microstructure and extended to fabricate an array of microstructures with multiple materials.

• Journal of Korean Ophthalmic Optics Society
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.189-199
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• 1998

The system for optical tolerances of completion spectacles was made to sum of the accumulated error - the circumstances on composing prescription, the visual-distance, the tilting angle, the losing of a temple, the vertex distance, the axis of toric lens and the sloping of lens etc. It was given by the relation of allowed values size(T) and power(D), $T=T_0e^{-aD}$. Here, $T_0$ is the size of allowed values of plane-lens with power is 0 and ${\alpha}$ is the factor of allowed values. In case of being adopted to new form s tolerance corresponding to RAL 915, for the tolerance is large direction, the factor of allowed values ${\alpha}$ is $0.166(T_0=5.90)$ and for the tolerance is small direction, the factor of allowed values ${\alpha}$ is $0.166(T_0=2.95)$.

• Journal of Korean Ophthalmic Optics Society
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• v.1 no.2
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• pp.85-91
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• 1996

Among the 110 glasses wearers, the hyperopic glasses wearers were 18(16.36%) persons and myopic glasses wearers were 92(83.64%) persons. The distance for optical centers was coincided to the pupillary distance in 9(8.18%) persons and discrepant in 101(91.82%) persons. Ophthalmic dispensing Pupillary Distance resulted from testing by the trouble error range(Germany RAL-915), unadopt spectacles had been wearers 52(51.49%) persons. The 65(64.56%) persons and 36(35.64%) persons showed the induced esophoria and the induced exophria, respectively. The maximal induced esophoria was 3.69 prism diopters and maximal induced exophoria was 3.68 prism diopters.

• The Journal of the Korea institute of electronic communication sciences
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.507-514
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• 2024

In the semiconductor manufacturing line, continuous efforts are being made to reduce the cost of products produced, and the demand for this is accelerating in the chemical mechanical polishing(CMP) process, and a representative example of these cost reduction items is the 5-Zone Ring. After about 150 hours of use in the CMP process, the thickness of the ring decreases to less than 1 mm and must be replaced with a new product. Therefore, in this study, bonding dispensers and press machines with a dispensing amount error of 10g±0.8% or less and a pressure uniformity of ±1.8% or less were developed to reduce semiconductor manufacturing costs by repeatedly regenerating worn parts of the retainer ring, and to minimize environmental pollution caused by industrial waste treatment.