• Research in Plant Disease
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• v.29 no.1
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• pp.60-63
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• 2023

During disease surveys from 2019 to 2021, the authors frequently encountered leaf spot symptoms on Fischer's ragwort plants growing at fields at six locations of Gangwon Province, Korea. The symptoms displayed brown to dark brown, circular or irregular spots on the plant leaves. The disease surveys at the six locations revealed 1-90% of diseased leaves of the plants. Phoma sp. was dominantly isolated from the diseased leaf lesions. Seven single-spore isolates of the fungus were selected and identified as Didymella ligulariae by investigation of their cultural, morphological, and molecular characteristics. Artificial inoculation test to Fischer's ragwort leaves was conducted with three isolates of D. ligulariae. The inoculation test revealed that the tested isolates cause leaf spot symptoms in the plants similar to the natural ones. The fungal pathogen has never been reported to cause leaf spot in Fischer's ragwort. Leaf spot of Fischer's ragwort caused by D. ligulariae is first reported in this study.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.47 no.6
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• pp.517-522
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• 2014

Background: This study reports the result of endovascular treatment for arterial occlusive disease limited to femoropopliteal lesions, focusing on the recurrence of symptoms instead of patency. Methods: This was a retrospective, single-center study. From April 2007 to November 2011, 48 limbs in 38 patients underwent endovascular stenting or balloon angioplasty to treat femoropopliteal arterial occlusive disease. The factors affecting the recurrence of symptoms were analyzed. Results: The mean age of the patients was $69.60{\pm}7.62$ years. Among the baseline characteristics of the patients, initial hyperlipidemia was the most important factor affecting the recurrence of symptoms (relative risk=5.810, p=0.031). The presence of a dorsal arch was also a significant factor (relative risk=0.675, p=0.047). Conclusion: The major factors that affect the recurrence of symptoms after endovascular treatment for femoropopliteal arterial occlusive lesions are hyperlipidemia and the presence of a dorsal arch. Therefore, the usage of lipid-lowering agents after endovascular treatment and taking the presence of a dorsal arch into consideration are important elements of managing the recurrence of symptoms.

• Journal of Korean Biological Nursing Science
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.176-182
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• 2009

Purpose: This study was performed to investigate demographic and disease-related characteristics that influence lower urinary tract symptoms in middle-aged women. Methods: The participants in this study were 301 middle-aged women and they completed structured questionnaire between May to June, 2008. Lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) were measured with Bristol Female Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms-short form (BFLUTS-SF) and categorized as voiding, filling and incontinence symptoms. The data were analyzed by using descriptive statistics, t-test, ANOVA, Pearson Correlation Coefficient, and multiple regression with SPSS PC 15.0 version. Results: The participants who have higher economic status and drink alcohol were more likely to have LUTS score than other woman who have lower economic status and don't drink alcohol at all. Also, frequent childbirth experiences and chronic diseases conditions such as diabetes and heart disease are positively associated with LUTS score. The symptoms of filling and incontinence were affected by number of childbirth, alcohol drinking habit and chronic disease conditions while voiding symptom was influenced only by alcohol drinking habit. In multiple regression analysis, LUTS were significantly predicted by parity, drinking carbonated beverage and alcohol. Conclusion: For proper nursing care related to lower urinary tract symptoms, nursing intervention should focus on improving alcohol drinking habit and carbonated beverage comsumption.

• Journal of Korean Critical Care Nursing
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.82-93
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• 2019

Purpose : The purpose of this study was to investigate the degree of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms and the effect of PTSD on quality of life (QoL) among coronary artery disease (CAD) patients. Methods: The participants were 135 CAD patients who visited outpatient clinics in a university hospital in B city of Korea. Their PTSD symptoms and QoL were measured by structured questionnaires and analyzed with multiple hierarchical regression analysis. Results: Among the 135 participants, 20.7% were classified as moderate risk, and 3.7% as high risk for PTSD. PTSD symptoms were significantly higher in participants who were diagnosed with CAD within 6 months (t=26.02, p<.001). The physical component of health-related QoL was influenced by gender (${\beta}=-.25$, p =.003), recurrence of CAD (${\beta}=.21$, p =.008), and PTSD symptoms (${\beta}=-.33$, p <.001). The mental component of health-related QoL was influenced by religion (${\beta}=-.17$, p =.044), body mass index (${\beta}=.17$, p =.033), and PTSD symptoms (${\beta}=-.37$, p <.001). Conclusion: Patients who had had a CAD diagnosis for less than 6 months were found to be vulnerable to PTSD, and PTSD was found to have a negative impact on the physical and mental components of their QoL. It is necessary to develop an intervention program for the effective prevention and management of PTSD symptoms in patients with CAD.

• Journal of Korean Clinical Nursing Research
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• v.28 no.1
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• pp.23-33
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• 2022

Purpose: This study aimed to identify the relationships among disease severity, anxiety, depression, social support, unpleasant symptoms and self-care among patients with atrial fibrillation based on the unpleasant symptom theory, and to examine the mediating effects of unpleasant symptoms. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted. The participants were 216 patients with atrial fibrillation who were being followed up on an outpatient basis at a university hospital in Seoul. Data were collected from November 1, 2020 to June 30, 2021, using self-report questionnaires. Data were analyzed using IBM SPSS/WIN 27.0 and PROCESS macro with 95% bias-corrected bootstrap confidence interval(CI). Results: The average age of participants in this study was 66.0years. Disease severity (β=10.19, p<.001) and depression (β=1.53, p<.001) had significant positive relationships with unpleasant symptoms. Also, unpleasant symptoms (β=-0.03, p=.006) had a negative relationship with physical activity, which is a subscale of self- care. Social support (β=0.06, p<.001) was positively related with physical activity. Unpleasant symptoms showed a mediation effect in the relationship between disease severity and physical activity (Bias corrected bootstrap CI -0.65, -0.04). Depression had an indirect effect on physical activity that was mediated by unpleasant symptoms (Bias corrected bootstrap CI -0.11, -0.00). Conclusion: The findings of this study suggest that integrated strategies including physical, psychological, and social factors should be considered to promote self-care in patients with atrial fibrillation.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.1061-1070
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• 2004

Chronic oral aphthae, recurrent ulcer and uveitis are the three main festations of Behcet's disease(BD). The aetiopathogenesis of Behcet's disease is still obscure, but herpes simplex virus is one of the possible casual factors. Gamchosasim-tang (Gancaoxiexin-tang), Banhasasim-tang(Banxiaxiexin-tang) and Saenggangsasim-tang( Shengjiangxiexin-tang) are traditional medication in Oriental medicine, that has been used to treat inflammatory disease. Especially, Gamchosasim-tang used to treat Behcet's disease like symptoms. ICR mice were used for this study. The earlobe of the mice were scratched with a needle, then inoculation with 1.0×10/sup 6/ plaque forming units/㎖ of HSV type I. Virus inoculation was performed twice with 10 day interval, followed by 16 weeks of observation. Using the HSV-induced Behcet's disease mouse model, kinds of Sasim-tang were administered variously before and after inoculation. In order to. classify the symptomatic mice as having Behcet's disease like symptoms. We followed the revised Japanese classification with minor modifications. Ulceration of the mice were monitored. In addition, spleen cytokine expression were measured by polymerase chain reaction, ELISA. HSV DNA was detected in HSV inoculation mice. HSV-induced mice treated with kinds of Sasim-tang showed improvement in symptom. In RT-PCR results, IFN-γ was expressed for all groups, IL-2 was expressed for the treated groups, and IL-10 was also expressed. IL-4 was expressed nothing. In ELISA, IL-2 was increased for GSST 2, BSST 2, GSST 2, GSST3 and INF-γ was increased for GSST 2, BSST 2, SSST 2, SSST 3. This model suggest the possible role of immune response to viral infection in the development and activation of Behcet's disease.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.25 no.5
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• pp.790-798
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• 2011

'Mu-acupuncture treatment(繆刺法)' and 'Geo-acupuncture treatment(巨刺法)' are the ways of taking acupuncture points on the sound side of a human body and not on the unsound side of a human body to treat disease, 'Mu-acupuncture treatment(繆刺法)' is applicable to 'Transverse meridian disease(絡脈病)', 'Geo-acupuncture treatment(巨刺法)' is applicable to 'Longitudinal meridian disease(經脈病)'. To diagnose a disease as transverse meridian disease or longitudinal meridian disease depends on 'Feeling pulse at the nine spots of three parts on a body for diagnosis (三部九候診)'. 'Mu-acupuncture treatment(繆刺法)' takes a 'Rak-acupuncture point(絡穴)' under a wrist and a ankle joint. The method of taking it, two ways, are 'Yu(痏)' and 'The treatment getting some blood(出血療法)'. 'Yu(?)' which is similar to 'Quick-getting acupuncture into and out (單刺法)' means the number of times doing acupuncture and is different from 'The treatment getting some blood (出血療法)' which is typically considered as 'Yu(?)'. Meanwhile, judging from the changes of the methods of feeling pulse for diagnosis and the symptoms of a certain disease, though it is a precondition that 'Biased-Gi(邪氣)' stays at 'The Large transverse meridian(大絡)' in 'The theory of Mu-acupuncture treatment(繆刺論)', it is hard to consider the symptoms of 'Transverse meridian disease(絡脈病)' described in 'The theory of Mu-acupuncture treatment(繆刺論)' as the pure symptoms of 'Transverse meridian disease(絡脈病)'.

• The Journal of Pediatrics of Korean Medicine
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.153-163
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• 2004

Objective: For last 20 years our living environment has been changed rapidly. Accordingly. there have been many changes in prevalence of diseases; In nasal disease of the pediatrics, the number of children suffering from chronic rhinorrhea and nasal obstruction has been increased. And respiratory symptoms suggesting rhinitis and sinusitis also were increased. Allergic disease is considered as an important cause of this phenomenon while importance of infection as pathogen is fading today. The aim of this study is to investigate the effect of TonggyutangGarnibang on the nasal disease of children. Methods: Children with nasal disease answer the questionnaires on their chief complaints and medical past history on their first visit to our clinic. They were treated 'With TonggyutangGarnibang for 4weeks. After treatment they answered the questionnaire on improvement of their symptoms. Results: Among treated patients, 70 were male(69%) and 32 were female(31%); sex ratio was 2.2.3:l(male:female). And children from 3-8 years old took majority of patients(64%). Major symptoms of children with nasal disease were as follows; nasal obstruction 9lchildren(62%), rhinorrhea 86children(84%), sneezing 63children(62%), cough 63children(62%), snoring 48children (47%), poor appetite 44children(43%), itching 39children(38%), headache 32children(31%), stomache 25children(25%), epistaxis 23children(23%), constipation 17children(17%), diarrhea 12children(12%). Past history and impression of the disease of the patients were as follows; allergic rhinitis(66%), atopic dermatitis(42%), sinusitis(40%), asthma(25%), urticaria(12%). Severity of symptom improved after TonggyutangGamibang treatment, it showed high treatment efficacy as follows; sneezing 70%, cough 70%, rhinorrhea 63%, nasal obstruction 59% Conclusion: This study shows TonggyutangGamibang has distinctive treatment effect on children with nasal disease.

• Herbal Formula Science
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.113-130
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• 2011

Objectives : This study was performed to investigate 93 prescriptions which are all affiliated Phlegm-Fluid Substances chapter depending on Symptoms in Dongeuibogam. Methods : The following conclusions are reached through investigations on the applications of prescriptions which are all affiliated Phlegm-Fluid Substances chapter Depending on Symptoms in Dongeuibogam. Results : 1. Fluid detention disease article represents that Byukeum(癖飮), Hyuneum(懸飮) and Yueum(流飮) have the same treat criteria, in effect, there is not any problem left in case it is reached fluid detention disease is not 8 but 6. 2. Strong water-utilization herbs can be mainly used in treating Fluid detention disease, eliminating phlegm warm herbs are almost used two times more than eliminating phlegm cold herbs in eliminating phlegm disease. 3. Arisamatis Rhizoma is only used by itself in Chongmongseok-hwan, the others are used at the same time with Pinelliae Rhizoma. As a result of this, Arisamatis Rhizoma has an effects on eliminating Wind relative dusease but eliminating phlegm disease which can cause upper body phlegm disease. 4. Fritillariae Cirrhosae Bulbus and Tricosanthis Radix are able to get rid of obstinate phlegm-Fluid disease in eliminating phlegm cold herbs. 5. Gamisachil-tang and Gamieejin-tang which are located in throat chapter are more proper prescriptions to treat phlegm at throat than Gwache-san or Jeoljehwadam-hwan which is located in Phlegm-Fluid Substances chapter in Dongeuibogam. 6. Glycyrrhizae Radix is used 46 times(49%) at total 93 prescriptions in eliminating phlegm disease herbs. It seems to be needed more study whether Glycyrrhizae Radix can control the Phlegm-Fluid disease or not. Conclusions : The 93 prescriptions for eliminating Phlegm-Fluid Substances in Dongeuibogam are mainly composed of Sobanha-tang, Eejin-tang and Baeksang-hwan, etc.

• Journal of Plant Biology
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.32-38
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• 1960

Since the peculiar virus disease of chinese date tree (Zizyphus jujuba Mill. var. inermis Rehd.) has been noted in South Korea around 1950, 70% to 80% of the economically important trees have been either completely destroyed or infected with the virus, severe damage has been noted, particularly, across the area ranged from middle east to the middle part of Korea, including Seoul area. Yoon-Koock-Byung in 1958 first reported the disease and descirbed it might be caused by a kinds of yellows. But he did not conform in his paper that the disease is pecisely caused by yellows virus. The authors, hereby intend to identify the true cause of the desease of the chinese data tree by studying the external symptoms of the disease and the internal morphological characteristics of the diseaset plant which shows various abnormalities in contrast to the healthy checks. In view of fact that leaves of the infected plants become yellowish in color similar to the peach yellows, aster yellows, it is likely to be identifiable as the common yellows. Furthermore, the abnormal characteristics observed by the authors are as follow: The floral organs such as petals, sepals, stamens, and pistil turn into vegetative leaves, the leaves on heavily infected plant appear as small sized one and also showing as a common witch's broom like symptom. There are also an occuring of numerous advantitious shoots developed from both of stems and roots. The amount of photosynthetic starch grains increases in parenchymatous cells, necrosis takes place in mesophyll, Particularly, Palisade Parenchyma in the leaves of infected plants are distinguished in contrast to the healthy checks. From the symptoms and the present experimetns described above, the authors are believed that the disease of chinese data tree is not caused by the yellows. It appears the disease is rather similar to the symptoms of sandal spike virus which was noted in India early in this centry. But the host plant of standal disease, Santalum albun L. and the insect vector, Jassus indicus Wal., have never been reported in Korean flora and the founa. The termperature and the otehr environmental factors is quite different Korea and India. Thus the authors believe that the peculiar disease must be an endemic new virus origin in Korea and must be called as "shoot cluster disease of chinese date tree."