• The Journal of the Korea institute of electronic communication sciences
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• v.7 no.4
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• pp.917-924
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• 2012

This study was attempted in order to grasp the influence of smoking upon periodontal disease by analyzing relationship between the smoking realities and the periodontal disease risk in adults aged over 19 in our country. In the findings, the mean in CPI of the whole subjects was 1.92. Among 6989 whole subjects, the group whose CPI is 0-2 included 4707 people(67.3%). The group whose CPI is 3-4 included 2282 people(32.7%). As for the group whose CPI is more than 3 when confounder wasn't corrected, the risk on incidence of periodontal disease in the group with smoking in the past increased by 1.78 times(95% CI:1.56-2.02), compared to the group with no smoking. In the group with the current smoking, it increased by 1.75 times(95% CI:1.55-1.82). Even with correcting gender, age, educational level, and diabetes appearance, the risk on incidence of periodontal disease was higher by 1.28 times(95% CI:1.08-1.53) in the group with smoking in the past and by 1.82 times(95% CI:1.54-2.16) in the group with the current smoking than the group without smoking at all. Accordingly, smoking was indicated to be related to periodontal disease. Thus, the positive publicity needs to allow patients themselves to establish firm consciousness. In addition, dental hygienists need to perform systematic non-smoking educational guidance within doctor's office. Thus, it is thought to necessarily contribute to improving periodontal health.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• v.53 no.1
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• pp.129-134
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• 2015

Schistosoma haematobium is one of the most prevalent parasitic flatworms, infecting over 112 million people in Africa. However, little is known about the genetic diversity of natural S. haematobium populations from the human host because of the inaccessible location of adult worms in the host. We used 4 microsatellite loci to genotype individually pooled S. haematobium eggs directly from each patient sampled at 4 endemic locations in Africa. We found that the average allele number of individuals from Mali was significantly higher than that from Nigeria. In addition, no significant difference in allelic composition was detected among the populations within Nigeria; however, the allelic composition was significantly different between Mali and Nigeria populations. This study demonstrated a high level of genetic variability of S. haematobium in the populations from Mali and Nigeria, the 2 major African endemic countries, suggesting that geographical population differentiation may occur in the regions.

• Journal of Korean society of Dental Hygiene
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.27-35
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• 2016

Objectives: The purpose of the study was to find out dental caries and periodontal disease based on oral healthcare of adults in Busan. This study will provide the preventive oral healthcare for the periodontal diseases and dental caries. Methods: The study subjects were 369 people from the regular dental health checkup in the general hospital in Busan. After receiving informed consent, a self-reported questionnaire was completed from October 1, 2014 to January 31, 2015. The questionnaire consisted of dental caries and periodontal diseases by direct examination and toothbrushing method. Data were analyzed by ${\chi}^2$ test, Fisher's exact test, and Pearson's correlation. Results: In the morbidity of dental caries and periodontal diseases, the dental caries was most common in those having restored teeth(236 subjects, 64%), while periodontal diseases were found in mild cases of gingival inflammation in 285 subjects(77.2%), and mild cases of dental calculus in 274 subjects(73.4%). Most of the respondents replied that they did not have systemic disease or oral health related symptoms. According to toothbrushing pattern, dental caries experiences were most common in those having less frequent toothbrushing less than 3 minutes and no tongue brushing. The outbreak of dental caries was more common in 5 times than 3 to 4 times a day. Conclusions: The education of the right toothbrushing method and use of dental floss is the most important prevention of dental caries and periodontal disease in the adults.

• Journal of Applied Tourism Food and Beverage Management and Research
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• v.10
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• pp.219-238
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• 1999

Obestity, characterized by an excess accumulation of fat, is a detriment to good health and wellbeing. It is easy for individuals to take on excess fat as soon as enough food and leisure are available in a society, causing an imbalance between energy intake and energy expenditure. Although there has been disagreement as to which side of this energy equation is more important in th epidemic of obesity, both sides are certainly involved. I think the prevalence of obesity begins with infancy. It seems to be relatively constant throughout childhood. Some retrospective studies have suggested that there is a direct progression from a fat chile to a fat adult. Obesity has been associated with excess mortality in many studies. The effect of obesity on cardiovascular disease has not always been an independent one, but has generally been through exacerbation of other rish factors such as hypertention, diabetes, hyperlipedmia, galbladder disease, gout and cancer of the grease and endometrium. The weights of identical twins raised in separate homes have been reported to be similar, thereby suggesting that heredity contributes significantly to weight. Overweight and obesity are by far greater health problems for many people in our society. Therefore in this paper we consider the relationship between body energy balance and problems of obesity. Whatever the weight of the person, the goal of the nutritionist and health care workers is to find solutions that will allow persons to feel better about themselves.

• Journal of Engineering Education Research
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.77-89
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• 2018

The chromosomes of all the world are the same in all 24 pairs, but the key, skin color and appearance are different. Also, it is the resistance of adult disease, diabetes, cancer. In 1953, Watson, Crick of Cambridge University experimentally discovered a DNA double helix structure, and in 1962, They laureates the Nobel Prize. In 1964, Temin, University of Wisconsin, USA, experimentally identified the ability to copy gene information from RNA to DNA and received the Nobel Prize in 1975. In this paper, we analyzed 24 pairs of DNA chromosomes using mathematical matrices based on the combination order sequence of four groups, and designed the Taegeuk pattern genetic code for the first time in the world. In the case of normal persons, the middle Yin-Yang taegeuk is designed as a block circulant Jacket matrix in DNA, and the left-right and upper-lower pairs of east-west and north-south rulings are designed as pair complementary matrices. If (C U: A G) chromosomes are unbalanced, that is, people with disease or inheritance become squashed squirming patterns. In 2017, Professor Michel Young was awarded a Nobel by presenting a biological clock and experimentally explained the bio-imbalance through a yellow fruit fly experiment.This study proved mathematical matrices for balanced and unbalanced RNA.

• Journal of the East Asian Society of Dietary Life
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.137-146
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• 1998

This study was designed to investigate the main sources of food and nutrition, utilization, reliance, nutritional knowledge and dietary behavior. The results are as follows. 1. The main sources of food and nutritional information are television and radio, newspaper and popular magazines in that order. 2. The first topic is a guiding principle in the dietary life of adult disease prevention. 3. The percentage of the perceived nutritional knowledge of respondents using the newspaper and popular magazines is higher than for the respondents using the television and radio, but the accuracy of the nutritional knowledge was not significant. Per the results, the nutritional education of people through the mass media is very reasonable, Therefore, it is necessary to develop a nutritional education program and implement the program using the most practical mlethod to deliver the information.

• Journal of Korean Public Health Nursing
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.103-118
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• 1996

It is to be growing up the interest of community health affairs through visiting nursing care. The health medical treatment of Korea has been changed largely on the period. The juvenile population has decreased. This means that is has took the population consensus of advanced national organization to be increased by the old age. The transition of disease has changed from the contagious disease importance to the chronicity disease omportance because the domestic district population has experienced the sudden urbanization circumstance district population has experienced the sudden urbanization circumstance to be growing up $70\%$ of the whole population. When the nursing service has common function to be delivering from all direction to home, this study is getting the great important phase velocity in order to manage the kernel questional adult chronicity disease of health medical institution at the present age. (1) community over system or with people particularity (2) the first of third step medical treatments. The variety of medical treatments organization has quantity of the delivery manpower and specially between consumers and rdlated person. A qualitative difference is showed at the purpose to be seizing. That research related person is use at district health center in Seoul, by foundation on nurse registration book of H collage hospital and public health registration book. According the chronicity disease. age. and sex. nature agree-able standard 54 people took the content analysis on nurse registration book of total 108 people. The results of the study were as follows: 1. General background factors are houses or kind of medical facilities and number of patients in family. The first medical treatment is more patients than third medical treatment organization. The first medical treatment of economic environment os appering to be worse. 2. The chronicity disease frequency have been different speciality according to medical treatment organization. On case of the first medical treatment. Diabetes and High Blood Pressure were good but Cerebrum Vascular Accident(CVA) showed many for bed case. In addition. the number of family is comparative large exception of CVA on according for moving condition and health more than the first medical treatment. However. family condition. whole family percentage is decreasing preferably through the potential resource is increasing by the number of and the construction of family. The ability of real resource is considered to be low. 3. The average percentage of nurse service has appered to be differed two groups by the first step medical treatment(33.72 times) and third step medical treatment(45.70 times). However, the difference (the first step medical treatment and third step medical treatment) is to be limited to issue the medicine at the service. The condition of nurse care was the indirect nursing care. Supportiong area was to be related to volunteer service and administration support. 4. The various nursing care average percentage of the chronicity disease was increased by orders of Diabetes. High Blood Pressure. and CVA in examination result and the medical treatment. The indirect nursing care was also same. At third step medical treatment, orders of chronicity disease were same. The case of other area on service conditions were increased by order of Diabetes. High Blood Pressure, and CVA. However. it is never appearing the difference at bottleneck affairs nursing care. 5. When the visiting nursing care demand particularly. the average percentage of nursing care from the first step medical treatment that the time under a person is many more than the time over two people. However, there was no difference in statistic. Third step medical treatment is $49.81\%$ at the time under a person. The average nursing care service is appeared by more many when the visiting nursing care demand is a few by 12.83 at the time over two people. 6. By visiting nursing care percentage to be frequency that nursing care averaghe percentage and inter-relation are large. The related factor of the first medical treatment is 0.96. However, the related factor of third medical treatment has shown the decreased 0.49 for the condition of relation more than that. Therefore. the nursing care average percentage is related to the visiting times of a nurse. This result is be showing the obvious fact that the first step medical treatment is few more than third step medical treatment.

• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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• v.44 no.8
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• pp.151-160
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• 2006

Consumers want to get healthful food which guarantee the aging control, anti-tumor, immunity-reinforcement, obesity prevention, beauty, prevention of adult disease and well-being. Because they want natural foods without food additives and environmental pollution which were used for convenience, we should develop the various food to guarantee the safety, wholesomeness and convenience. And so, we must study and identify basically the functionality and sanitation in foods to use practically. The companies should develop new products and corporate with universities and government. Because there are much more food informations, people believe unidentified information and continue wrong behavior such as food faddism. Consequently consumers should choose wisely their foods in consideration of their health, time, money and purpose.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.51 no.3
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• pp.280-293
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• 2021

Purpose: This study aimed to identify the risk factors for diabetic foot ulceration (DFU) to develop and evaluate the performance of a DFU prediction model and nomogram among people with diabetes mellitus (DM). Methods: This unmatched case-control study was conducted with 379 adult patients (118 patients with DM and 261 controls) from four general hospitals in South Korea. Data were collected through a structured questionnaire, foot examination, and review of patients' electronic health records. Multiple logistic regression analysis was performed to build the DFU prediction model and nomogram. Further, their performance was analyzed using the Lemeshow-Hosmer test, concordance statistic (C-statistic), and sensitivity/specificity analyses in training and test samples. Results: The prediction model was based on risk factors including previous foot ulcer or amputation, peripheral vascular disease, peripheral neuropathy, current smoking, and chronic kidney disease. The calibration of the DFU nomogram was appropriate (χ² = 5.85, p = .321). The C-statistic of the DFU nomogram was .95 (95% confidence interval .93~.97) for both the training and test samples. For clinical usefulness, the sensitivity and specificity obtained were 88.5% and 85.7%, respectively at 110 points in the training sample. The performance of the nomogram was better in male patients or those having DM for more than 10 years. Conclusion: The nomogram of the DFU prediction model shows good performance, and is thereby recommended for monitoring the risk of DFU and preventing the occurrence of DFU in people with DM.

• Health Policy and Management
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.170-184
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• 2008

Objectives: The aim of this analysis was to investigate factors associated with dental visits in terms of getting diagnosis and receiving care for diagnosed dental diseases among Korean adults. Methods: Data used in this analysis were from the 2005 Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey which involved a representative sample of 25,487 adults nineteen years of age and older who resided in Korea. This analysis used data of adults who had completed health interview survey (n = 25,215). Uni- and bi-variate analysis, Chi-square test, and logistic regression analyses. were conducted using SAS. Results: The percentages of people diagnosed (treated) dental canes, periodontal disease. and temporomandibular joint disorder were 70.4(77.1), 16.1 (55.7), and 0.6(37.4), respectively. The reception of treatment for diagnosed dental caries and periodontal disease was significantly associated with older age, high monthly household income, and high education attainment. Logistic regression model indicated that age, monthly household income, education attainment, type of health insurance, and chewing problem were significantly associated with getting diagnosis and treatments of dental diseases. Most frequently answered reason for non - or delayed treatments of diagnosed dental diseases during the last one year was cost of treatments. Conclusions: The findings indicated that socio-economic-status still significantly affected reception of needed dental treatments among Korean adults despite the national health insurance system. Oral health policy and programs should be augmented to provide further support to adults of low socio-economic-status who are more prone to dental diseases yet lack resources for needed dental treatments.