• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.27 no.1
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• pp.35-41
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• 2010

Among the dogs boarding at an animal hospital, 10 dogs each were selected as a free boarding group and a kennel boarding group. Each group was further divided into 5 puppies and 5 mature dogs to examine the changes in their serum cortisol concentrations during boarding (5 days). We collected blood at day 8 and then analyzed the blood corpuscles, ran a biochemical serum test, and an additional urine test before boarding to check their health status. After collecting the dog's blood at 9:00 am, 3:00 pm, and 9:00 pm, we analyzed the cortisol concentration by the radioimmunoassay (RIA) method. The daily serum cortisol concentration at 9:00 am, 3:00 pm, and 9:00 pm, had a circadian rhythm during both the free and kennel boarding periods in both puppies and adults. Furthermore, the average daily serum cortisol concentration was significantly increased during the 1st, 2nd, and 3rd day after free boarding in the puppy group (P < 0.01). In adults from the free boarding group, the serum cortisol concentration dramatically increased on the 1st day (P < 0.01), as well as on the 2nd and 3rd day (P < 0.05). Interestingly, the average daily serum cortisol concentration was significantly increased on the 1st day after kennel boarding as well as during the entire period of kennel boarding in the puppy group (P < 0.05). In the adult kennel boarding group, serum cortisol concentration was significantly increased during the whole kennel boarding period (P < 0.01). An interesting result was that circadian rhythmicity in the sum of the daily serum cortisol concentrations was present in the free boarding group, but not in the kennel boarding group in both puppies and adults. In summary, cortisol was released depending on the degree of stress in free and kennel boarded dogs. Taken together, these results suggest that cortisol, a stress hormone, should be maintained at physiological concentrations in a circadian rhythm when the animals are hospitalized.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
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• v.9 no.5
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• pp.291-298
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• 2005

To characterize cytosolic $Ca^{2+}$ fluctuations under metabolic inhibition, rat ventricular myocytes were exposed to $200{\mu}M$ 2,4-dinitrophenol (DNP), and mitochondrial $Ca^{2+}$, mitochondrial membrane potential (${\Delta}{\Psi}m$), and cytosolic $Ca^{2+}$ were measured, using Rhod-2 AM, TMRE, and Fluo-4 AM fluorescent dyes, respectively, by Laser Scanning Confocal Microscopy (LSCM). Furthermore, the role of sarcolemmal $Na^+$/$Ca^{2+}$ exchange (NCX) in cytosolic $Ca^{2+}$ efflux was studied in KB-R7943 and $Na^+$-free normal Tyrode's solution (143 mM LiCl ). When DNP was applied to cells loaded with Fluo-4 AM, Fluo-4 AM fluorescence intensity initially increased by $70{\pm}10$% within $70{\pm}10$ s, and later by $400{\pm}200$% at $850{\pm}45$ s. Fluorescence intensity of both Rhod-2 AM and TMRE were initially decreased by DNP, coincident with the initial increase of Fluo-4 AM fluorescence intensity. When sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) $Ca^{2+}$ was depleted by $1{\mu}M thapsigargin plus $10{\mu}M ryanodine, the initial increase of Fluo-4 AM fluorescence intensity was unaffected, however, the subsequent progressive increase was abolished. KB-R7943 delayed both the first and the second phases of cytosolic $Ca^{2+}$ overload, while $Na^+$-free solution accelerated the second. The above results suggest that: 1) the initial rise in cytosolic $Ca^{2+}$ under DNP results from mitochondrial depolarization; 2) the secondary increase is caused by progressive $Ca^{2+}$ release from SR; 3) NCX plays an important role in transient cytosolic $Ca^{2+}$ shifts under metabolic inhibition with DNP.

• The Journal of the Korean bone and joint tumor society
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• v.1 no.2
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• pp.200-204
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• 1995

Twenty three rhabdomyosarcoma patients who were registered in Korea Cancer Center Hospital from Mar. 1985 to Apr. 1994 were analysed in the aspect of treatment and survival. Thirteen cases were male and 10 female. Average age was 29.5 years(range 1 to 66). Locations of the tumor were as follows: 13 in lower extremity, 6 in upper extremity and 4 in trunk. According to the UICC classification, stage II b was 1 case, stage III a 4, stage III b 10, stage IV a 3 and stage IV b 5. In histological categories, embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma was 7 cases, alveolar 7, pleomorphic 7 and undetermined 2. Average follow up period was 35.3 months(1 tk 7.5 years). Ten cases were continuous disease free, 3 no evidence of disease, 3 alive with disease and 7 died of disease at final follow up. Kaplan-Meier's actuarial 5-year survival rate was 60.3% and 5-year continuous disease free survival rate was 31.4%, Surgical margin was an important factor in local tumor control. Although there was no definite statistical significance, our results suggest chemotherapy and radiation therapy have meaningful roles in reducing local recurrence and improving survival.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.15 no.20
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• pp.8887-8891
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• 2014

Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is predominantly a disease of middle-aged men with long-term exposure to tobacco and alcohol. An increasing trend has been reported at a younger age worldwide. Clinical records of 100 patients under the age of 45 years treated specifically for oral cavity SCC in our hospital during a 10-year period were retrospectively analyzed to calculate the survival rates. An obvious male predominance coincided with smoking trend among Chinese young individuals and female patients were more likely to have no traditional risk factors such as smoking or drinking. The 5-year overall survival rate and disease-free survival rate were 61.0% and 75.5%, respectively, consistent with other published series over the decade showing a relatively better survival among the young. No significant differences clearly correlated with outcome when comparing non-smokers non-drinkers to ever-smokers and ever drinkers (P>0.05). Overall survival rate and disease free survival rate was found to be significantly higher in patients with early-stage disease than with advanced stage disease (P=0.001, P=0.009 respectively). The strong influence of clinical stage on prognosis emphasizes the importance of early diagnosis and treatment of oral malignancies for this unique clinical subgroup.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• v.50 no.1
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• pp.60-65
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• 2017

Objectives: We examined the prevalence of tobacco use and exposure to secondhand smoke among middle-school students in Korea using the Global Youth Tobacco Survey (GYTS) in 2013. Methods: The GYTS in Korea was conducted between July and August 2013 by the Korea Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Data were collected using a self-administered anonymous questionnaire from a nationally representative sample of middle-school students aged 13-15 years in sampled classrooms. Results: The GYTS in Korea was completed by 4235 students aged 13-15 years in 43 middle schools. Approximately one in five of the students (17.8%) reported that they had tried cigarettes in the past, while 5.2% reported currently being cigarette smokers. Current cigarette smoking was higher in boys (7.5%) than in girls (2.6%). Of the students, 29.7% had been exposed to secondhand smoke at home, 47.4% inside enclosed public places, and 53.9% in outdoor public places. Of the current cigarette smokers, 25.7% bought their cigarettes from a store despite a law prohibiting this. Additionally, 58.0% of students noticed point-of-sale tobacco advertisements or promotions, 66.8% of current cigarette smokers wanted to stop smoking, and 70.9% of students had been taught about the dangers of tobacco use in school. Conclusions: These findings provide an opportunity to develop, implement, and evaluate a comprehensive tobacco control policy. The results suggest that youth have relatively easy access to cigarettes and are regularly exposed to secondhand smoke in public places, as well as to point-of-sale tobacco advertisements and promotions. Strict enforcement of the ban on tobacco sales to youth, expanding smoke-free areas, and advertising bans are needed to reduce tobacco use among youth.

• Advances in pediatric surgery
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.131-140
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• 2005

The purpose of this study is to review the operative management and outcome of operation for Crohn's disease. The medical records of 17 patients who underwent operations for Crohn's disease at Seoul National University Children's Hospital from January of 1988 to June of 2005 were reviewed. The male-to -female ratio was 1.8: 1. The median age at the onset of symptoms and the time of diagnosis was 9 years 6 months and 11 years 6 months respectively. The median time interval from diagnosis to operation was 2 years and 1 month (0 month~8 years). The ileocolic or ileocecal region was the most common site of involvement. The indications for operation were intractable symptoms (8 cases) and obstruction or stricture (7 cases). The median postoperative hospitalized days were 14.4 days (8~35 days). Five patients (29 %) experienced postoperative complications. Symptom free state or symptom relief was observed in 11 cases after surgery and 6 cases had intermittent episodes of remissions and recurrences. In pediatric Crohn's disease patients who present with intractable symptoms despite medical treatment or develop surgical complications, symptom free state or symptom relief can be achieved by minimal resection of the diseased segment.

• Food Science and Industry
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• v.49 no.3
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• pp.2-11
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• 2016

As recently many studies on the relationship between excessive sugar intake and chronic disease have been reported across the world, more attention to sugar intake has been paid. Sugars, called simple sugars, is a kind of carbohydrate and sum of monosaccharides and disaccharides. Sugars that are particularly related to health are added sugars or free sugars, which are added to food by processing or cooking. It is generally not to give satiety and increases energy density without other nutrients. Especially, the major food source of added sugar is sugar-sweetened beverages(SSBs), from which sugars are closely linked with health outcome. The total sugar intake in Korea is 61.4 g per day and it is almost half of those in the western countries such as the U.S. or Australia and it is within the recommendation level by the Dietary Reference Intakes for Koreans. However, when it is classified by age groups or food sources, sugar intake in adolescents and young adults are high and the sugar from processed foods is also high that would lead to high intake levels of added sugar. Particularly, the frequency of SSBs, the major food source of added sugar, is the highest among 20's. While the studies of excessive sugar intake with chronic diseases including obesity, type 2 diabetes, metabolic disease, cardiovascular disease reported in the Western populations, those in the Korean populations have just started. Given our dietary practice is very different from those in the western population, more prospective studies would be necessary to evaluate sugar intake by type or food source exactly and examine its relationship with chronic diseases in the Korean population.

• Korean Journal of Radiology
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• v.24 no.6
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• pp.590-598
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• 2023

Objective: To investigate whether the levels of inflammation detected by 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) positron emission tomography (PET)/computed tomography (CT) can predict disease relapse in immunoglobulin G4-related disease (IgG4-RD) patients receiving standard induction steroid therapy. Materials and Methods: This prospective study analyzed pretherapy FDG PET/CT images from 48 patients (mean age, 63 ± 12.9 years; 45 males and 3 females) diagnosed with IgG4-RD between September 2008 and February 2018, who subsequently received standard induction steroid therapy as the first-line treatment. Multivariable Cox proportional hazards models were used to identify the potential prognostic factors associated with relapse-free survival (RFS). Results: The median follow-up time for the entire cohort was 1913 days (interquartile range [IQR], 803-2929 days). Relapse occurred in 81.3% (39/48) patients during the follow-up period. The median time to relapse was 210 days (IQR, 140-308 days) after completion of standardized induction steroid therapy. Among the 17 parameters analyzed, Cox proportional hazard analysis identified whole-body total lesion glycolysis (WTLG) > 600 on FDG-PET as an independent risk factor for disease relapse (median RFS, 175 vs. 308 days; adjusted hazard ratio, 2.196 [95% confidence interval: 1.080-4.374]; P = 0.030). Conclusion: WTLG on pretherapy FDG PET/CT was the only significant factor associated with RFS in IgG-RD patients receiving standard steroid induction therapy.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• v.44 no.1
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• pp.104-113
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• 1997

Background : Toxic oxygen free radicals have been implicated as important pathologic mediators in many clinical disorders. Enhancing the intracellular content of antioxidant enzymes(superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase, and catalase) can provide means of limiting biological damage caused by oxygen free radicals. The oxygen free radicals and changes of antioxidant enzymes are though to play a role in the pathogenesis of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Method : To investigate the pulmonary oxygen radical injury and the protective role of antioxidant enzymes in Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease(COPD), author measured the amount of thiobarbituric acid reactants, the activities of antioxidant enzymes and the sulfhydry1 groups of glutathione in serum and red blood cells from the patients with COPD(COPD patients) and the normal controls. Results : The thiobarbituric acid reactant in serum and red blood cells of COPD patients was increased than those of the normal controls, and the superoxide dismutase activity in red blood cells was no statistical difference in both groups. But the glutathione peroxidase and catalase activities in red blood cel1s of COPD patients were significantly lowered than those of the normal controls. The sulfhydry1 groups in serum and red blood cells were no statistically difference in both groups. Conclusion : These results suggest that the increased thiobarbituric acid reactants in serum and RBCs of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease mean oxygen radical toxicity, and the decreased glutathione peroxidase and catalase activities in RBC could take pan in pathogenesis of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.

• Radiation Oncology Journal
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.103-109
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• 1991

Radiotherapy result of 162 patients with stage I, II intermediate grade non-Hodgkin's Iymphoma was analyzed to clarify the role and limit of radiotherapy. Of 68 initial failures, 38.2% occurred in field and 61.8% occurred out of field. Proportion of in-field and out-of-field failures in stage I was 30.0% and 70.0%, respectively with involved field treatment and was 43.8% and 56.2% with extended field treatment, respectively; in stage ll , was 16.7% and 83.3%, 41.7% and 58.3%, respectively. The disease free suwival rate at S years was 48.1% for all patients and was 50.3% and 40.4% for patients with stage I and II, respectively. The survival was significantly different by stage. Bulky tumors (${\geq}10$ cm) and B symptoms didn't influence prognosis significantly. The 5 year disease free suwival with extended or wide field was better than that with involved field especially in stage I. Overall survival rates for all patients, patients with stage 1, and ll disease were 57.7%, 65.3% and 52.2% , respectively, after survival gain of the salvage chemotherapy was combined. But the overall survival of stage I disease was not better than that of stage II disease. Thus, extended field was required to achieve better disease free survival and relapsed cases might gain with chemotherapy.