• Title/Summary/Keyword: disease and insect

Search Result 346, Processing Time 0.025 seconds

Comparative Study on the Productivity for Silage Corn (Zea mays L.) Variety Certified Import Adaptability in Pyeongchang Area (사일리지용 옥수수 수입적응성 인증 품종의 평창지역 생산성 비교 연구)

  • Kim, Jong Geun;Li, Yu Wei;Park, Hyung Soo;Kim, Jong Duk
    • Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
    • /
    • v.37 no.2
    • /
    • pp.161-167
    • /
    • 2017
  • This experiment was conducted to comparison study on the productivity for certified varieties of import adaptability of silage corn in Pyeongchang area. Total eight varieties (Gangpyeongok, 31N27, 32P75, 32W86, P3156, P3394, DK 689 및 DK 729) were evaluated. The experimental design was 8 treatment of randomized block with three replications. Corn varieties were cultivated in experimental field of Pyeongchang campus, SNU from 1 May to 2 September, 2015 and plot size was $15m^2$. Plant height of 32W86 and ear height of Gwanpyeongok was the highest (p<0.05). Tasseling and silking date was 27 July-3 August and silking occurred after 1-3 day of tasseling. Average day to silking was 92 days and that of 31N27 variety was short (p<0.05). The varieties of DeKalbo Company (DK 689 and DK 729) required more times to silking. Average GDD (growth degree day) of eight varieties was $1,023^{\circ}C$ and P3352 was the lowest GDD. In the trials of resistance evaluation, P3394 was strong in disease, P3156 was the highest in insect. All varieties did not show the lodging and variety of DK 729 showed the highest stay green score (p<0.05). Average dry matter content was 30.77%, it showed higher trend in DM. 32W86 was the highest DM content among the varieties, but there was no significant difference among varieties (p>0.05). The weight per ear was the highest in 32W86 and the lowest in Gwanpyeongok. The ration of ear to whole plant was higher in 32W86 and P3394, but it was not found the significant difference (p>0.05). Average yield of fresh and DM was 59,017 and 13,476 kg/ha, respectively. DK 689 showed higher DM and TDN yield than others, but there was not significant difference (p>0.05). According to results, the difference of productivity was not found among certified variety of import adaptability of silage corn. The varieties Gwanpyeongok, 32W86 and 32P75 would be recommendable in Pyeongchang area for stable cultivation.

Gain Threshold Estimation for Some Pests in Major Crops (주요 작물 몇 가지 병해충에 대한 수익역치 추정)

  • Park, Hong-Hyun;Yeh, Wan-Hae;Park, Hyung-Man
    • Korean journal of applied entomology
    • /
    • v.46 no.1 s.145
    • /
    • pp.63-69
    • /
    • 2007
  • This study was conducted to examine the problems that would arise in our cropping systems when introducing Gain Threshold (GT) which is an important element in determining Economic Injury Level (EIL). Cain Threshold (GT) can be defined as the amount of damage (=yield loss) to justify management, and calculated by dividing the management costs by the market crop price. GTs for some pests in rice, soybean, and greenhouse vegetable crops cultivation were estimated and also compared with those in foreign countries. GTs and percentage of yield loss equivalent to them were estimated to be 4.6-6.1kg/10a/season and 1.0-1.3% for brown planthopper, white-backed planthopper, rice water weevil, and sheath blight, whereas for rice blast in rice cultivation were 12.7kg/10a/season and 2.7%. In soybean cultivation, the values for bean bug were 6.2 kg/10a/season and 3.6%. GTs and percentage of yield loss estimated for melon thrips, whitefly, and downy mildew in cucumber cultivation were 10.0-12.6kg/10a/week, 1.4-1.7%, and the values for two spotted mite and gray mildew in strawberry cultivation were 3.1-3.5kg/10a/week, 1.3-1.5%, and the values for American leaf minor, whitefly, and gray mold in tomato were 8.4-9.7kg/10a/week, 1.7-1.9%. Overall GTs in our cropping systems were so low compared to those in foreign countries, which meant that the low GTs might yield the low EILs. Therefore, we could suggest that prior to direct introduction of GTs calculated from current cultivation systems in developing EILs it is necessary to seriously consider reasonable values of GTs or the yield loss equivalents to them.

Weed Occurrence and Rice Yield as Affected by Environment Friendly Farming Methods (친환경 농법에 따른 논 잡초발생 차이와 벼 수량에 끼치는 영향)

  • Cho, Kwang-Min;Lee, Sang-Bok;Kim, Sun;An, Xue-Hua;Chun, Jae-Chul
    • Korean Journal of Weed Science
    • /
    • v.31 no.3
    • /
    • pp.279-288
    • /
    • 2011
  • To suggest the weed management technique for environment friendly rice cultivation, we investigated occurrence patterns of weeds, the actual condition of weed management, and rice yield at the environment friendly agricultural complex located in Honam and Chungnam regions. The practical performance of weed management was relatively satisfactory in decreasing order of agricultural technique with golden-apple-snail (GAS) > agricultural technique with duck (Duck) > agricultural technique with rice bran (RB) > agricultural technique with soft-shelled turtle (ST). In the rice fields employed by agricultural technique with GAS, the dominant weeds were Echinochloa crus-galli, Ludwigia prostrata, Monochoria vaginalis, Sagittaria trifolia, and Aneilema keisak. However, E. crus-galli, M. vaginalis, L. prostrata, Aeschynomene indica and Bidens frondosa were found as dominant weeds at the fields using the Duck and E. crus-galli, M. vaginalis, L. prostrata, Polyganum hydropiper and Eleocharis kuroguwai at the fields using RB. In comparison of rice yield ($5.2\;MT\;ha^{-1}$) obtained from the conventional cultivation using herbicides, about 93% was reached by Duck, about 91% by GAS, about 92% by RB, and about 78% by ST. When rice qualities obtained from environment friendly rice cultivation were compared with those from the conventional cultivation, the producing rates of perfect kernel, immature kernel, immature opaque kernel, cracked rice, and damaged kernel were lower in the former cultivation, whereas contents of protein, amylose, and fatty acid were similar in the two cultivation methods. The problems found in the environment friendly agriculture were poor plowing and harrowing, carless irrigation management, and geological poor condition as cultivation area with cold water. These have caused severe infestation of weeds, frequent incident of disease and insect pest, and rice lodging. This resulted in reduction of rice yield as high as about 32 to 79% as compared with the conventional cultivation using herbicides.

Orbital and Periorbital Cellulitis in Children: A Recent 7-Year Clinical Review (소아에서 안와와 안와주위 봉와직염에 관한 최근 7년간의 임상적 고찰)

  • Choi, Jeong Ho;Hon, Sun Yeong;Park, Sung Sin;Cha, Sung Ho;Kim, Eun Jin;Lee, Jin;Chang, Jin Keun
    • Pediatric Infection and Vaccine
    • /
    • v.15 no.1
    • /
    • pp.36-44
    • /
    • 2008
  • Purpose : Orbital cellulitis is rare, but it could be from the serious complication of sinusitis in children. It is often difficult to distinguish periorbital cellulitis from orbital cellulitis. The purpose of this study is to describe the clinical features of orbital and periorbital cellulitis in a pediatric population and to assess the predisposing factors and their complications. Methods : Forty-one patients aged 18 years and younger who were admitted between January 2000 and December 2006 to Hanil General Hospital and Kyunghee University Hospital with orbital or periorbital cellulitis. The retrospective analyses included clinical characteristics of orbital and periorbital cellulitis, dermographics, past history, predisposing factors, clinical presentations, treatments, and complications. Results : Among 41 patients, 34 patients had periorbital cellulitis, 7 patients had orbital cellulitis. While paranasal sinus disease was the most common predisposing cause in orbital cases, skin lesion, insect bite, dacrocystitis and conjunctivitis were the common causes in periorbital cases. In comparison with periorbital cases, orbital cases had higher level of white blood cell count, erythrocyte sedimentation rate, and C-reactive protein. Blood cultures were taken in 23 patients, but only one had Staphylococcus aureus from blood. Only one case had surgical incision and drainage and recovered without complications. Conclusion : From the results of our data, when patient shows erythematous swelling of periorbital area with opthalmoplegia, chemosis and proptosis, orbital CT scan is required to make diagnosis of orbital cellulitis. Most cases of orbital cellulitis can be treated successfully without surgical intervention. If there is no clinical improvement, repeated CT scan and/or surgical intervention should be considered.

  • PDF

A New Medium-late Maturity Rice Cultivar, "Hwanggeumnodeul" Suitable for Direct Seeding and with Multiple Disease Resistances (벼 중만생 복합내병 담수직파 및 이앙재배 겸용 신품종 "황금노들")

  • Ko, Jong-Cheol;Kim, Bo-Kyeong;Baeck, Man-Ki;Nam, Jeong-Kwon;Ha, Ki-Yong;Kim, Ki-Young;Ko, Jae-Kwon;Lee, Jae-Kil;Kang, Hyun-Jung;Kim, Young-Doo;Cheong, Jin-Il;Shin, Mun-Sik;Son, Ji-Young;Kim, Woo-Jae;Noh, Gwang-Il;Park, Hyun-Su;Baek, So-Hyeon;Shin, Woon Chul;Kim, Kyeong-Hoon;Shin, Seo Ho;Kim, Chung-Kon
    • Korean Journal of Breeding Science
    • /
    • v.40 no.3
    • /
    • pp.328-331
    • /
    • 2008
  • Hwangeumnodeul is a new japonica rice cultivar developed from a cross between Milyang165 and HR15151-B-21-3 at Honam Agricultural Research Institute (HARI), NICS, RDA, in 2007. This cultivar has short grains and about 139 days of growth duration from direct seeding to harvesting in the southern plain areas. Culm length of this cultivar is 78 cm and the number of spikelet per panicle is similar to that of the check cultivar, Nampyeongbyeo, while filled grain rate is lower than the check variety. This cultivar is moderately resistant to leaf blast, bacterial blight pathogens of $K_1$, $K_2$ and $K_3$ and stripe virus but susceptible to major virus diseases and insect pests. Milled kernel of Hwanggeumnodeul is translucent with non-glutinous endosperm. This cultivar has about 5.7% and 18.6% of protein and amylose contents, respectively. Palatability of cooked rice of Hwanggeumnodeul is similar to Nampyeongbyeo. Its milling recovery and head rice were 75.6% and 90.0%, respectively. Hwanggeumnodeul yielded 5.69 and 5.61 MT/ha in milled rice at the under wet-direct and dry-direct seeding conditions, respectively which are 17% and 12% higher than the check variety, Juanbyeo. It yielded 5.86 MT/ha, 8% higher than Nampyeongbyeo at the standard fertilizer level of the ordinary transplanting cultivation. "Hwanggeumnodeul" would be adaptable for ordinary transplanting as well as direct seeding in the southern plain including Chungcheong province.

Evaluations on Deodorization Effect and Anti-oral Microbial Activity of Essential Oil from Pinus koraiensis (잣나무 정유의 소취효과 및 구강균에 대한 항균활성 평가)

  • Hwang, Hyun Jung;Yu, Jung-Sik;Lee, Ha Yeon;Kwon, Dong-Joo;Han, Woong;Heo, Seong-Il;Kim, Sun Young
    • Korean Journal of Plant Resources
    • /
    • v.27 no.1
    • /
    • pp.1-10
    • /
    • 2014
  • Essential oils of various plants have been known for potential biological effects such as antibacterial, antifungal, spasmolytic, antiplasmodial activities and insect-repellent property. Recently, the essential oils have attracted considerable interest in oral disease therapy. This essential oil has been known as being effective on easing sick house syndrome, giving forest aroma therapy effect and acting as repellent against pest. The essential oil of Pinus koraiensi, a native plant from Hongcheon-gun, Gangwon-do, was obtained by hydrodistillation. In light of its medicinal importance, in this study its composition, antibacterial activity and the reducing effect of offensive odor have been analyzed. The composition of essential oil was determined by GC and GC-MS. We have identified 14 compounds, of which 1R-${\alpha}$-pinene (19.38 %), 3-carene (10.21 %), camphene (9.82 %), limonene (9.00 %), bicyclo[2,2,1] heptan-2-ol (8.76 %) and ${\beta}$-phellandrene (7.98 %) were the main components. Essential oils from P. koraiensis, Chamaecyparis obtusa, Abies holophylla and Pinus densiflora were compared in terms of alleviating effect of malodors caused from formaldehyde, ammonia, trimethylamine and methylmercaptan. P. koraiensis essential oil was found to decrease the amounts of ammonia and trimethylamine by 75.17 % and 77.36 %, respectively. Antibacterial activity against Streptococcus mutans and Streptococcus sobrinus, which were known as oral cavity inducer, was investigated using the paper disc agar diffusion method. The inhibition zone was observed against S. mutans (5.97 mm) and S. sobrinus (1.40 mm), respectively. P. koraiensis essential oil shown effective deodorization and inhibitory activity against oral cavity in this study might be potential material in oral sanitary industry.

The Study on the Lowest Limit Time of the Tending of Red Pine (Pinus densiflora) Forest for the Control of Pine Sawyer (Monochamus alternatus) (솔수염하늘소 제어를 위한 소나무림 숲가꾸기의 하한(下限)시기 구명)

  • Jeon, Kwon-Seok;Park, Nam-Chang;Yoon, Hee-Tak;Hong, Sung-Cheon
    • Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
    • /
    • v.100 no.3
    • /
    • pp.352-358
    • /
    • 2011
  • Field Cage plots ($1m{\times}1m{\times}1m$) were established (7 units) to find the lowest limit time about the tending of red pine forest (Pinus densiflora) which can no longer be used as a habitat by Monochamus alternatus, vector insect of pine wilt disease at the experimental forest of the southern forest research center of the Korea forest research institute in February in 2010. Thinning slashes (length, 1 m; diameter, 5~10 cm) tended at the different times were put in cages, and 4~6 couples of adult M. alternatus were put into each the cage in June. Presence or absence the larval entrance holes and larval were determined in November in 2010. Incase of the combination 24, 18, 12 and 6-month-old thinning slashes from thinning times to the time of adult emergence inside a single cage, larval entrance holes were found in the 6-month-old and 12-month-old thinning slashes but larvae were found only in the 6-month-old thinning slashes (treatment 1). In case of the combination 24, 18, 15 and 12-month-old thinning slashes inside a single cage, larval entrance holes were found in the 15-month-old and 12-month-old thinning slashes but larvae were found only in the 12-month-old (treatment 2). When 24, 18, 15, 12 and 6-month-old thinning slashes with treated dry and humid condition were put separately inside each cage, larval entrance holes were found in the 18, 15, 12, 6-month-old thinning slashes without the relation of the dry and humid conditions. But larvae were found in the 15, 12, 6-month-old thinning slashes in the dry conditions and only in the 6-month-old thinning slashes in the humid conditions. Results indicated the lowest limit time which can no longer be used as a habitat by M. alternatus is before 24 month from the time of adult emergence.

Transmission of Jujube Witches'-broom Mycoplasma by the Leafhopper Hishimonus sellatus Uhler (대추나무 빗자루병(病)의 마름무늬매미충에 의(依)한 매개전염(媒介伝染))

  • La, Yong Joon;Woo, Kun Suk
    • Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
    • /
    • v.48 no.1
    • /
    • pp.29-39
    • /
    • 1980
  • This study was initiated to find out the possible insect vector and other means of transmission of jujube witches'-broom disease. 1. Eight species of leafhoppers were found to feed on both healthy and diseased jujube trees. Among these, rhombic marked leafhoppers (Hishimonus sellatus Uhler) were most abundant throughout the growing season of jujube trees in all localities surveyed. H. sellatus was far more abundant on diseased trees than healthy ones. 2. Jujube witches'-broom mycoplasma(JWM) was transmitted to jujube seedlings by Hishimonus sellatus. Jujube seedlings inoculated with H. sellatus which had been fed for 14-21 days on diseased jujube plants, developed smaller, chlorotic leaves 40-60 days after inoculation. Electron microscopy of midveins and petioles of the infected jujube seedlings revealed the presence of numerous mycoplasmalike organisms in phloem tissues. 3. Jujube witches'-broom mycoplasma was also transmitted to Vinca rosea plants by H. sellatus. Infected Vinca rosea plants developed vein clearing and marginal chlorosis of upper leaves 25-38 days after inoculation and followed by stunting and ultimate wilting and death of plant. Electron microscopy of petioles and midveins of infected Vinca rosea plant revealed the presence of numerous mycoplasmalike organisms in phloem tissues. 4. H. sellatus survived more than 30 days on jujube, Vinca rosea, carrot, celery, eggplant, hop, Calystegia japonica, Humulus japonicus, Astragalus sinicus, white clover, red clover, and radino clover. Many second generation nymphs of H. sellatus were also abserved on these plants but clovers. 5. Jujube seeds collected from witches'-broom diseased jujube trees yielded healthy seedlings.

  • PDF

A New Tongil-type Glutinous Rice Variety 'Hangangchal 1' of Multi-Diseases and Insect Resistance (중생 복합내병성 통일형 찰벼 품종 '한강찰 1호')

  • Song, You-Chun;Cho, Jun-Hyeon;Jung, Kuk-Hyun;Ha, Woon-Goo;Kim, Se-Ri;Kwak, Do-Yeon;Park, No-Bong;Kim, Young-Doo;Kim, Sang-Yeol;Oh, Seong-Hwan;Lim, Sang-Jong;Shin, Mun-Sik
    • Korean Journal of Breeding Science
    • /
    • v.43 no.3
    • /
    • pp.201-205
    • /
    • 2011
  • 'Hangangchal 1' is a new glutinous rice cultivar of second generation Tongil-type with a mid-maturing ecotype that developed by the rice breeding team of Yeongnam Agricultural Research Institute (YARI), RDA. in 2006. This cultivar was derived from a cross between 'Hangangchal', a Tongil-type glutinous cultivar and 'YR8208-20', a high yield potential in 1986/1987 winter season. 'Hangangchal 1' was selected by pedigree and bulk breeding methods from $F_3$ to $F_6$ populations. A promising line, YR10498-8-1-3, was selected and designated as 'Milyang 167' in 1997. The local adaptability test of 'Milyang 167' was carried out at seven locations during 3 years in 1998, 2005, and 2006. It has tolerance to lodging with good canopy architecture as 87cm of culm length. This cultivar is resistant to bacterial blight $K_1$, $K_2$, and $K_3$ race, rice stripe virus, rice dwarf virus, and leaf blast disease. The milled rice endosperm of 'Hangangchal 1' is glutinous and its whiteness was almost similar compared to 'Shinseonchalbyeo'. The yield of milled rice of 'Hangangchal 1' was average 5.97 MT/ha at ordinary cultivation of 9 kg/10a N fertilizer level in local adaptability test. This cultivar would be adaptable to the mid and southern plain of Korea.

A New Early Maturing Blackish Purple Pigmented Glutinous Rice Variety, 'Josaengheugchal' (조생 흑자색 찰벼 품종 '조생흑찰')

  • Song, You-Chun;Lee, Jeom-Sig;Ha, Woon-Goo;Hwang, Hung-Goo;Lim, Sang-Jong;Yeo, Un-Sang;Park, No-Bong;Kwak, Do-Yeon;Jang, Jae-Ki;Lee, Jong-Hee;Park, Dong-Soo;Jung, Kuk-Hyun;Jeong, Eung-Ki;Nam, Min-Hee;Kim, Young-Doo;Kim, Myeong-Ki;Kwon, Oh-Kyung;Oh, Byeong-Geun
    • Korean Journal of Breeding Science
    • /
    • v.42 no.3
    • /
    • pp.262-266
    • /
    • 2010
  • 'Josaengheugchal', a new blackish purple pigmented glutinous japonica rice cultivar, was developed by the rice breeding team of Department of Functional Crop, NICS, RDA in 2004. This cultivar was derived from a cross between 'Tohoku 149' as black glutinous source and 'Sx 864' as purple colored rice in 1992 and 1993 winter season, and selected by pedigree breeding method until $F_6$ generation. As a result, a promising line, YR15907-6-8-1-5, was advanced and designated as the name of 'Milyang 194' in 2001. The local adaptability test of 'Milyang 194' was carried out at seven locations from 2002 to 2004 and it was named as 'Josaengheugchal'. 'Josaengheugchal' is an early maturing cultivar and has 71 cm culm height. It has higher anthocyanian content compared with 'Heugnambyeo'. It is moderately resistant to leaf blast but susceptible to other disease and insect pests. The yield potential of 'Josaengheugchal' in brown rice was about 4.21 MT/ha at ordinary fertilizer level in local adaptability test. This cultivar would be adaptable to the plain paddy field of middle, Honam, and Yeomgnam in Korea under ordinary and double cropping system.