• Journal of the Institute of Electronics Engineers of Korea SP
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• v.49 no.3
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• pp.51-59
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• 2012

This paper suggests an efficient method which tracks articulated human body modeled with markov network using disparity map derived from stereo images. The conventional methods which only use color information to calculate likelihood for energy function tend to fail when background has same colors with objects or appearances of object are changed during the movement. In this paper, we present a method evaluating likelihood with both disparity information and color information to find human body parts. Since the human body part are cylinder projected to rectangles in 2D image plane, we use the properties of distribution of disparity of those rectangles that do not have discontinuous distribution. In addition to that we suggest a conditional-messages-update that is able to reduce unnecessary message update of belief propagation. Since the message update has comprised over 80% of the whole computation in belief propagation, the conditional-message-update yields 9~45% of improvements of computational time. Furthermore, we also propose an another speed up method called three dimensional dynamic models assumed the body motion is continuous. The experiment results show that the proposed method reduces the computational time as well as it increases tracking accuracy.

• Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
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• v.22 no.6
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• pp.108-118
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• 2013

This study has analyzed the process of space information perceived and recognized through the estimation of observation frequency and number according to the time range of observation data acquired from observation experiment with the object of hospital lobby. The followings are the results analyzed at this study. First, the continual observation of 3 and 6 times was attentive and conscious for probing to find an object rather than for acquiring exact information and that of 9 times could be regarded as the time for acquiring visual appreciation. However, the repetitive occurrence of high and low frequencies can be thought of repetitive acts for visual appreciation. Second, the continual observation of 3 and 6 times had the highest observation frequency of II, while that of 9 times had the highest observation frequency of III. In case of 3 and 6 times, the observation frequency had the tendency to become a little higher after being low since V, and in case of 9 times it had the repetition of becoming low and high and from IX it characteristically got higher. This feature can be thought to be the process that the subject repeats the fixation and movement of observation at a visual activity for perception and recognition. In the process of first observation, the observation frequency was the highest after 20 seconds or so, but since then, it gets lower and repeatedly gets higher and lower as time passes. After 90 seconds, the frequency showed the tendency of getting higher continuously. Third, the examination of changing features of frequency may show the characteristics of exploration for and attention to space but if the observation frequency is not associated with observation times for analysis there will a limitation that the features of observation frequency cannot be clarified. Accordingly, the simultaneous analysis of both is very effective for estimating the observation characteristics seen at the processes of perception and recognition. Fourth, the general analysis of the both revealed: with the progress of observation time the discontinuous space exploration decreased, and as the observation time got longer the fixed attention to a specific spot increased. Fifth, in order to estimate the observation characteristics by the change of time range the observation frequency and times by trend line was analyzed, which approach seems to be an appropriate technique that can comprehensively show the overall flow of time series data.

• Journal of the Korean GEO-environmental Society
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.45-52
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• 2015

To minimize the cost of maintenance, repair and over-design of track substructure, an accurate evaluation of strength and stiffness of the track substructure is necessary. In this study, a cone penetrometer with impact penetration rod (CPI) is developed for the evaluation of track substructure. For applicability test, the chamber and field tests were performed. As the experimental results of the CPI, dynamic cone penetration endex (DCPI), cone tip resistance ($q_c$), friction resistance ($f_s$) and friction ratio (Fr) were obtained. In the chamber test, the experimental results show reasonable values for the simulated track substructure. In the field test, the CPI clearly detects the interface between the ballast and the subgrade. Also, discontinuous layers are detected in the subgrade. It is expected that the developed CPI may be an effective tool for the evaluation of track substructure by evaluating the ballast layer by dynamic penetration and the subgrade by static penetration of the inner rod.

• Journal of Fashion Business
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• v.16 no.5
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• pp.57-73
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• 2012

The main objective of this research was to understand the characteristics of pleats design through the analysis of modern female fashion as they appear in the 'Collections' from '09 A/W to '12 S/S. Data collection of 1027 was done through the review of 'pr$\hat{e}$t-$\grave{a}$-porter Collections' of three cities; Milan, New York, Paris. Along with the qualitative interpretation of pleats design, statistical analysis of frequency and ${\chi}^2$-test were completed for data analysis. The main findings were as follows; 1. The five types of pleats design were founded in the order of accordion, knife, box, inverted, and sunburst pleats. The frequency and ratio of pleats design occurency showed significant difference between collections. 2. There were significant difference between the types of pleats and their line characteristics of thickness, continuity, length, direction. = Thin fabrics with delicate fine folds were mainly appeared in accordion and sunburst pleats. On the other hand, midium thickness fabrics were used for knife, box & inverted pleats, however, the different images were projected according to the width and the number of folds, characteristics of fabrics and textures. = In all the type of pleats but sunburst, continuity line was appeared the most. The discontinuous lines were appeared the most in the layered types and, sometimes, at some construction lines to add some decorative details or design variations. = The long line were the most frequently appeared in long one-pieces or long skirts of knife, accordion, sunburst pleats. While, the shorter lines showed the most frequently in box and inverted pleats, which mainly used for skirts or the lower part of one-piece. = For the line directions, the vertical lines were the most frequently appeared, and followed by mixed and diagonal line. In mixed or diagonal lines, same type of pleat was repeated in one design. For diagonal lines, one direction was mainly used, however, the symmetrical arrangements or repeated diagonal pleats in various directions also used. In mixed lines, the type of one or two diagonal and one vertical line was the most frequently appeared.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.20 no.11
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• pp.281-291
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• 2020

This study used Gauss-Poisson jump diffusion process on standard assets to estimate the statutory reserves of Variable Annuity (VA) guarantees specified in Korean bylaw of insurance supervision and calculated guarantee fees and risks based on the model to see the effect of considering the jumps. Financial assets, except KOSPI 200, have fat-tailed return distributions, which is an indirect evidence of discontinuous jumps. In the case of a domestic stock index and foreign stock indexes(Korean Won), guarantee fees and risks decrease when jumps are considered in models of underlying assets. This is explained by decreases in standard deviations after the jump diffusion is considered. On the other hand, in the case of domestic bond indexes and a foreign bond index(Korean Won), guarantee fees and risks tend to increase when jumps are considered. Results from a foreign stock index(US Dollar) and a foreign bond index(US Dollar) were opposite to those from the same kinds of Korean Won indexes. We conclude that VA guarantee fees and risks may be under or over estimated when jumps are not considered in models of underlying assets.

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics Engineers of Korea SP
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• v.43 no.6 s.312
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• pp.36-45
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• 2006

Three-dimensional (3-D) texture coordinates mean the position information of torture segments that are mapped into polygons in a 3-D mesh model. In order to compress texture coordinates, previous works reused the same linear predictor that had already been employed to code geometry data. However, the previous approaches could not carry out linear prediction efficiently since texture coordinates were discontinuous along a coding order. Especially, discontinuities of texture coordinates became more serious in the 3-D mesh model including a non-atlas texture. In this paper, we propose a new scheme to code 3-D texture coordinates using as a texture image rearrangement. The proposed coding scheme first extracts texture segments from a texture. Then, we rearrange the texture segments consecutively along the coding order, and apply a linear prediction to compress texture coordinates. Since the proposed scheme minimizes discontinuities of texture coordinates, we can improve coding efficiency of texture coordinates. Experiment results show that the proposed scheme outperforms the MPEG-4 3DMC standard in terms of coding efficiency.

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics Engineers of Korea SP
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• v.47 no.6
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• pp.19-27
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• 2010

This paper proposes a method for enhancing detection performance and reducing computational cost when detecting a human face by applying B-spline active contour to the frame difference of consecutive images. Firstly, the method estimates amount of user's motion using kurtosis. If the kurtosis is smaller than a pre-defined threshold, it is considered that the amount of user's motion is insufficient and thus the contour fitting is not applied. Otherwise, the contour fitting is applied by exploiting the fact that the amount of motion is sufficient. Secondly, for the contour fitting, difference edges are detected by combining the distance transformation of the binarized frame difference and the edges of current frame. Lastly, the face is located by assigning the contour fitting process to the detected difference edges. Kurtosis-based motion amount estimation can reduce a computational cost and stabilize the results of the contour fitting. In addition, distance transformation-based difference edge detection can enhance the problems of contour lag and discontinuous difference edges. Experimental results confirm that the proposed method can reduce the face localization error caused by the contour lag and discontinuity of edges, and decrease the computational cost by omitting approximately 39% of the contour fitting.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Aeronautical & Space Sciences
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• v.44 no.10
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• pp.871-876
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• 2016

Abnormal odor similar with burning smell often appears at the cockpit in the beginning of ultra-sonic aircraft without air filter due to the heating of production materials remained at the bleed air duct. Sources of the odor should be removed by burn-in test before test flight in order to prevent pilot confuses order with emergency such as fire of engine. However, the present method cannot prevent abnormal odor completely at the high altitude flight because maximum temperature of flight is higher than it of burn-in-test. This paper suggests burn-in test improved based on the analysis of thermal conditions of high altitude flight. It is verified that the existing burn-in test cannot cover thermal conditions of high altitude flight due to the discontinuous flow control, high change rate of temperature per unit time and difference between limit temperature of condenser and turbine. In order to overcome the limitations of current methods, the new burn-in test with continuous flow control are suggested. The continuous flow control are achieved by ram air inlet control. The effect of suggested method are verified by ground tests and flight tests. The results show the bleed air temperature can cover the temperature of high altitude flight and prevent abnormal odor at the flight test.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.16 no.8
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• pp.169-179
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• 2018

Recently, web search query information has been applied in advanced predictive model research. Google dominates the global web search market in the Korean market; however, Naver possesses a dominant market share. Based on this characteristic, this study intends to compare the utility of the Korean web search query information of Google and Naver using predictive models. Therefore, this study develops three time-series predictive models to estimate the youth unemployment rate in Korea using the ARIMA model. Model 1 only used the youth unemployment rate in Korea, whereas Models 2 and 3 added the Korean web search query information of Naver and Google, respectively, to Model 1. Compared to the predictability of the models during the training period, Models 2 and 3 showed better fit compared with Model 1. Models 2 and 3 correlated different query information. During predictive periods 1 (continuous with the training period) and 2 (discontinuous with the training period), Model 3 showed the best performance. During predictive period 2, only Model 3 exhibited a significant prediction result. This comparative study contributes to a general understanding of the usefulness of Korean web query information using the Naver and Google search engines.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.16 no.12
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• pp.8187-8194
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• 2015

To accelerate a heavy roller coaster train with over 1G force, a lot of thrust is required and linear synchronous motor(LSM) as propulsion method is suitable for this kind of system. To increase the propulsion efficiency of LSM, precise and real-time position information of vehicle is required for accurate phase control. However, the discontinuous position information with relatively long time interval is usually transmitted from the hall-sensors on the track every magnet length. In this paper, the basic motor model based on traditional dq-axis equations is described and the motor dynamic model is produced by considering the cogging force and friction loss. To improve the position accuracy, the position estimator is also proposed for LSM control system. Simulations were performed to check the characteristics of the torque control system which includes the position estimator based on the motor model. Simulation results based on the linearized model show that this control system has an enough bandwidth and phase margin and the executed algorithm achieves an ideal effect to follow the real-time position signal. Therefore, the feasibility of position estimator is also confirmed.