• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.39 no.4 s.261
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• pp.310-316
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• 2006

Background: We study the QOL (quality of life) & functional improvement in patients underwent esophageal surgery for cancer by the viewpoint of the patient and would like make the guideline of recovery course. Material and Method: Between Dec. 1996$\sim$Aug. 2002, 250 patients were operated and 57 patients was enable interview, didn't have evidence of recurrence & survived more than 1 year postoperatively at Asan Medical Center. Questionnaire made by direct or telephone interview & include diet habitus, change of body weight, G-E (gastroesophageal) reflux, dumping symptom, change of daily life. Result: There were 53 men (93%), 4 women (7%) with mean age of $62.05{\pm}8.7$ (range: $37{\sim}94$). Operation method was Ivor Lewis operation in 43 case (75.4%), Esophagocolojejunostomy 4 case (7.1%), Mckeown operation 10 case (17.5%). In Diet habitus, 55 patients (96.5%) ate more than three times in a day with mean diet frequency was 3.5 times/day, 51 patients (89.5%) have been ate solid, regular diet, 5 patients (8.8%) enable to eat liquid diet. To compare with preoperative state, 32 patients (56.9%) had a diet speed more than 80%, 28 patients (39.1%) had a diet amount more than 80%. 32 patients (56.9%) had a little change of body weight within a 10%, 25 patients (43%) had a improvement rather than preoperative state. In G-E reflux, 4 patients (7%) had a reflux after every diet, 27 patients (47.4%) had a little reflux after diet. In dumping symptom. 7 patients (12.3%) had a diarrhea after meal. 38 patients (66.6%) had a normal activity 19 patients (33.3%) had a decreased activity. At present state, majority (53 patient-93%) of patient were satisfactory to the operation result, in spite of discomfort from time to time. In the emotional status, 50 patients (88%) had a well sleeping without disturbance. 65% of patients were comfortable in the psychology state. 39% of patients had a libido. Compare with their median age (63 y), it's a normal varient. Conclusion: QOL in patients underwent esophageal surgery for esophageal cancer nearly recovery to preoperative state.

• The Korean Journal of Nuclear Medicine
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• v.39 no.1
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• pp.9-14
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• 2005

Purpose: Abnormal myocardial perfusion may be caused by ventricular preexcitation, but its location, extent, severity and correlation with accessory pathway (AP) are not established. We evaluated perfusion patterns on myocardial perfusion SPECT and location of AP in patients with WPW (Wolff-Parkinson-White) syndrome. Materials and Methods: Adenosine Tc-99m MIBI or Tl-201 myocardial perfusion SPECT was performed in 11 patients with WPW syndrome. Perfusion defects (PD) were compared to AP location based on ECG with Fitzpatrick's algorithm or electrophysiologic study and radiofrequency catheter ablation. Results: Patients had atypical chest discomfort or no symptom. Risk of coronary artery disease (CAD) was below 0.1 in 11 patients using the nomogram to estimate the probability of CAD. Coronary angiography was performed in 4 patients (mid-LAD 50% in one, normal in others). In 4 patients, AP localization was done by electrophysiologic study and radiofrequency catheter ablation (RFCA). Small to large extent ($11.0{\pm}8.5%$, range:$3{\sim}35%$) and mild to moderate severity ($-71{\pm}42.7%$, range:$-2l7{\sim}-39%$) of reversible (n=9) or fixed (n=1) perfusion defects were noted. One patient with right free wall (right lateral) AP showed normal. PD locations were variable following the location of AP. One patient with left lateral wall AP was followed 6 weeks after RFCA and showed significantly decreased PD on SPECT with successful ablation. Conclusion: Myocardial perfusion defect showed variable extent, severity and location in patients with WPW syndrome. Abnormal perfusion defect showed in most of all patients, but it did not seem to be correlated specifically with location of accessory pathway and coronary artery disease. Therefore myocardial perfusion SPECT should be interpreted carefully in patients with WPW syndrome.

• The Journal of Korean Society for Radiation Therapy
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• v.30 no.1_2
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• pp.185-189
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• 2018

Purpose : We evaluated the quality of life satisfaction of patients with radiation therapy while maintaining the set-up line. Materials and Methods : We retrospectively reviewed 60 patients who visited our clinic in January, 2018. The most common complaint was the inconvenience of not being able to wash during treatment (64 %), and a surgical tape was placed on the Set-up Line to help patients wash during the treatment period. A total of 50 patients who underwent surgical tape were evaluated on a 5-point scale (1 point was very unsatisfactory, 2 points were unsatisfactory, 3 points were average, 4 points were satisfied, 5 points were very satisfied). Forty patients out of 50 responded to the first treatment, and 10 patients underwent treatment. Results : In the first survey, 68 % of the patients and 32 % of the males were aged 34 %, 50~60 % and 38 %, respectively. Treatment areas were breast (57 %), chest (13 %), pelvis (10 %). The results of the second questionnaire after applying the surgical tape showed that 25 of the 40 patients and 15 of the male patients were treated. The treatment area was 22 breast and 18 pelvic areas. In the satisfaction of the 5-point scale, 5 to 15 points were satisfied with 1-3 points, and 4-5 points with 35 points (1 point 2 points, 2 points 2 points, 3 point 1 points, 4 point points 17 point points, % And 43 %, respectively. The results of the questionnaire survey of patients who were applied during the treatment showed that 9 out of 10 women and 1 male were treated. The treatment area was 8 breast and 2 pelvic areas. One point was satisfied with one point, and five points with nine points were satisfied with 90 %. Conclusions : The importance of improving the quality of life of patients with cancer is also important. After applying the surgical tape, 88 % of the patients who started the treatment and 90 % of the patients who applied during the treatment were satisfied. Particularly, patients who applied during treatment showed higher satisfaction. If this is not possible for all patients, selective application to patients with discomfort will be helpful in improving the quality of life of cancer patients.

• The Journal of Korean Society for School & Community Health Education
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• v.4
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• pp.21-41
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• 2003

The purposes of this study were to ; first, investigate High School Teachers health promotion behavior types; second, explore the effects High School Teachers perceived benefits and perceived barriers have on their health promotion behavior ; third, suggest a desirable course that will increase teachers health. To this end, this researcher conducted a survey on health promotion behavior, perceived benefits, and perceived barriers to 329 High School teachers working in Goyang-si, Gyonggi-do. The results of the survey are as follows: Health Promotion Behavior A closer look at high school teachers health promotion behavior shows that male teachers, compared with female teachers, more actively promote their health. However, female teachers are more aware of their personal hygiene and disease risks. Older teachers, rather than younger teachers, are more willing to promote their health through better eating habits and more frequent exercise. A comparison between married and single teachers revealed that married teachers promote their health through better eating habits, and single teachers receive less stress and are better at managing their stress. Teachers working in technical high schools are better at managing their stress and personal hygiene than academic high schools teachers. Teachers working after 8 o'clock show better health promotion behavior through proper eating habits, stress management, regular exercise, disease prevention: however, teachers working before 7:30 are poor at managing their stress. Teachers not teaching supplementary lessons and not supervising night self-study are better at managing their stress, exercise schedule, and disease prevention than teachers who are. Perceived Benefits, Perceived Barriers, and Health Promotion Behavior A Comparison between male and female teachers shows that female teachers firmly believe improved eating habits and regular exercises would greatly enhance their health. However, female teachers felt more discomfort in their working environment and in utilizing medical institutes. Teachers in the 20s and 40s perceived health benefits through regular lifestyle and exercise. Teachers with less experience feel more pressure from their work environment. Teachers below their 30s feel more dissatisfaction towards using medical facilities. Teachers working in Technical High Schools are more aware of promoting their health through regular health checkups, exercise, and lifestyle ; however, teachers from Academic High Schools feel more pressure from their work environment. Teachers not performing supplementary lessons and supervising night self-study sessions are more willing to go through regular health checkups than those performing them. Also, teachers with supplementary lessons and night self-study supervisions claimed lack of leisure time, pressure from work environment, and inconvenience in using medical facilities a deterrent to promoting their health behavior. The Relationship between Health Promotion Behavior, Perceived Benefits, and Perceived Barriers The correlation ratio between Health Promotion Behavior and Perceived Benefits shows a positive relationship. The results show that High School teachers believed regular health checkups are necessary in maintaining their health. This research shows that teachers consider the following factors important in the order shown ; regular lifestyle and exercise, prevention of geriatric diseases, improving ones eating habits. In short, teachers who are more aware of the importance of regular health checkups are also more aware of the importance of promoting their health. The correlation ratio between Health Promotion Behavior and Perceived Barriers shows negative relationship. High School Teachers believe that lack of leisure activity, pressure from work environment, familys financial burden, fear of diseases, inconvenience in using medical facilities are a deterrent in promoting their health behavior. In other words, teachers with less leisure time and negative pressures from their work environment were less active in promoting their health behavior. This study shows that High School teachers will be able to promote their health behavior by maintaining regular health checkups, lifestyle, exercise, and preventing geriatric diseases. However, teachers believed that insufficient leisure time and negative pressure from their work environment acted as a deterrent to maintaining their health behavior. Most High School teachers believe they are at present healthy, and they were actively engaged in Preventative Health Promotion. The result of this study demonstrates that External factors have a large impact on teachers, which in turn acts negatively on their Health Promotion Behavior. In order to guarantee teachers health promotion behavior, systematic health checkups and increased leisure time, improvement in their work environment are necessary. Teachers also need to take a more active interest in their health.

• Journal of the Korean Society of School Health
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.55-67
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• 1996

This research has incorporated a postal survey from the principals, nurse-charging teachers and nurse-teachers of the fiftyfive elementary, middle and high school in Yang-pyeong county area where its supplementary rate of nurse-teachers is less than adequate. It is to analyse the current status of the school health service in the area and to come out with a plan to improve the school health program through the participations of the health related experts of the local community. The survey was done in the two months of period of April to May of 1994. The result of the survey follows. The student population in the Yang-pyeong county area is 13,998 and the school employee population is 904 which counts for about 19.2% of the whole population of the area. However, the supplementary rate of nurse-teachers is only 10.8% (4 in 55 schools) which is very low in terms of relativity. School health committee only exist in 17% of the whole number of schools in the area and 50 of school health committee answered that their activity do not meet the adequate level. Only 54. 3% of the whole school numbers has included the school health finance in their financial plans and the amount set for the school health finance is about 500,000 wons (100,000-1,600,000 wons). 64.9% of the schools in the Yang-pyeong county area have the permanent nursing room established in the school. But, often than the equipment for a simple physical examinations, their supply of the health related equipments are less than adequate. Particitations of school doctor in the school health service is at only 67.6% which pretty much include only the physical examinations. Nurse-charging teachers consider their utmost important role is to teach health education but, they answered that they spent most of their times and efforts on physical examinations & immunizations. The average number of students visition to the nursing room is 2.5 persons and complains for basic discomfort as headache, concussion, stomachache and indigestion problems and usual pills used are the analgesics and digestives. Physical examination is done in the most schools every year but, 51.4% of nurse-charging teachers answered the physical examination does not really help. About the emergency treatment ability, 75.7% reports that both manpower & equipment are short. The school food services are present in only 8 schools (21.6%) but, 89.2% of nurse-charging teachers answer that there is a definite need of the food service. The survey says that the utmost important environmental health and safety factors are the traffic accidents followed by improper heat system, lighting, the stools and desks that do not consider the student physical status The overall evaluation of school health program reports that there are adequate physical examination, immunization, environmental hygiene, and management of safety but, on the other hand, health education, health councelling & management of nursing room are not managed properly. The principals of the survey pool report shortage of public agency support, lack of understanding of school health, shortage of nursing equipments and school health finance as the barrier factors of school health. The nurse-charging teachers report on the same questions as their less than qualitifying expertise, extraload of work upon the nursing affairs, shortage of nursing equipments & school health finance. The head masters & nurse-charging teachers answered that they are desperate for the meetings of nurse-charging teachers, construction of school health councelling system & training education in order to improve school health and if these are available, they will actively participate in them. After the careful analysis of the survey result, it is apparent that through the relations of the manpowers, establishment of community-oriented school health is definitely in need in rural area where there is low supplementary rate of nurse-teachers and poor school health environment.

• Korea Science and Art Forum
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• v.37 no.1
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• pp.87-97
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• 2019

The study began in recent years with the aim of grasping the nation's medical status following the fast-growing trend of international medical tourism and attracting foreign patients, among other things, Busan, which ranks second in attracting foreign patients after the nation's capital, Seoul, has been highly active in the past eight years, with foreign patients rising by about 426 percent, and Russian patients entering the sea. In addition, Gimhae and Changwon, the Busan-based Gyeongsangnam-do region, ranked first and second in number of foreign residents, and are inhabited by a variety of foreign workers. Medical institutions, such as hospitals, should be able to find directions within hospitals. It is also a space where information in various languages, including Korean, English, Chinese, or Russian, must be delivered in a single medium. Based on this research, the purpose of this research is to provide converged information that helps foreigners who are not familiar with Korean language easily understand the proposed recognition system when visiting hospitals. Therefore, this paper is applied to a multi-language survey of six medical institutions (A, B, C, D, E, F) at the university hospital in Busan, and 10 medical institutions (R, J) in Gimhae, South Gyeongsang Province with high foreign residents. Research results and contents are as follows. First, the results of analyzing the design of the sinusoidal system show that the font uses colorless Gothic fonts, arrows, and pictograms to introduce the design of a typical hospital sign system. Second, the results of the multi-lingual situation were found to have only two languages in the system, such as Korean and English, and to have four languages, including Korean, English, Chinese, and Russian, according to their geographical location. However, it was judged that most medical institutions currently have only two languages (Korean, English) that may cause some discomfort in terms of language for foreign patients in non-English speaking countries. Based on these findings, it is necessary to propose designs that are considered by Koreans as well as foreign users in the use of multilingual hospital sign systems.

• Journal of Dental Rehabilitation and Applied Science
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• v.34 no.4
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• pp.270-279
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• 2018

Purpose: The aim of this study was to assess the patients' perception, acceptance, and preference of the difference between a conventional impression and digital impression through questionnaire survey. Materials and Methods: Thirteen (6 male, 7 female) subjects who experienced both digital and conventional impression at the same day were enrolled in this study. Conventional impression were taken with polyvinylsiloxane and digital impression were performed using a newly developed intra-oral scanner. Immediately after the two impressions were made, a survey was conducted with the standardized questionnaires consisting of the following three categories; 1) general dental treatment 2) satisfaction of conventional impression 3) satisfaction of digital impression. The perceived source of satisfaction was evaluated using Likert scale. The distribution of the answers was assessed by percentages and statistical analyses were performed with the paired t-test, and P < 0.05 was considered significant. Results: There were significant differences of the overall satisfaction between two impression methods (P < 0.05). Digital impression showed high satisfaction in less shortness of breath and odor to participants compared to conventional impression. The use of an oral scanner resulted in a discomfort of TMJ due to prolonged mouth opening and in lower score of the scanner tip size. Conclusion: It was confirmed that the preference for the digital impression using intraoral scanner is higher than the conventional impression. Most survey participants said they would recommend the digital impression to others and said they preferred it for future prosthetic treatment.

• Journal of Navigation and Port Research
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• v.47 no.3
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• pp.147-154
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• 2023

This study aims to determine the necessity, role, utilization, and operation and management plan in relation to the underwater space platform where humans can newly reside. It provides a comprehensive opinion on the need for creating undersea space and operation plans based on opinions of industry-university-affiliated organizations involved in the R&D project of the Ministry of Maritime Affairs and Fisheries for the utilization of undersea space and external experts participating in marine technology development. In this study, a survey was conducted on researchers participating in the construction of a Korean submarine space platform. FGI was conducted on marine technology development experts. Results were then derived. As a result of the analysis, the need for subsea space construction was found to be high. As for the role of subsea space, the most common opinion was to develop technology for utilizing subsea space and to secure marine science research functions. It was found that the creation of subsea space would have a positive impact on the domestic industry, especially the deep-sea development industry and the shipbuilding/offshore structure industry. In terms of utilization, after the end of the seabed space test bed, the response to utilization as a marine observation base and marine ecosystem research had the highest proportion. As for expected inconvenience, discomfort in the psychological environment was the highest. Experts suggest that securing a continuous budget is most important for stable operation in the future and that securing a manpower budget is essential for itemized budgets. In addition, it was judged that it would be appropriate to establish a prior agreement from the time of the prior agreement and prepare a countermeasure before proceeding with the project in order to ensure ownership issues, consignment management issues, and cost issues when using the project after the end of the project.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.51 no.3
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• pp.153-165
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• 2023

The purpose of this study is to propose effective scenarios for green areas in apartment complexes that can improve the connection between green spaces considering wind flow, thermal comfort, and mitigation of the urban heat island effect. The study site was an apartment complex in Godeok-dong, Gangdong-gu, Seoul, Korea. The site selection was based on comparing temperatures and discomfort index data collected from June to August 2020. Initially, the thermal and wind environment of the current site was analyzed. Based on the findings, three scenarios were proposed, taking into account both green patches and corridor elements: Scenario 1 (green patch), Scenario 2 (green corridor), and Scenario 3 (green patch & corridor). Subsequently, each scenario's wind speed, wind flow, and thermal comfort were analyzed using ENVI-met to compare their effectiveness in mitigating the urban heat island effect. The study results demonstrated that green patches contributed to increased wind speed and improved wind flow, leading to a reduction of 31..20% in the predicted mean vote (PMV) and 68.59% in the predicted percentage of dissatisfied (PET). On the other hand, green corridors facilitated the connection of wind paths and further increased wind speed compared to green patches. They proved to be more effective than green patches in mitigating the urban heat island, resulting in a reduction of 92.47% in PMV and 90.14% in PET. The combination of green patches and green corridors demonstrated the greatest increase in wind speed and strong connectivity within the apartment complex, resulting in a reduction of 95.75% in PMV and 95.35% in PET. However, patches in narrow areas were found to be more effective in improving thermal comfort than green corridors. Therefore, to effectively mitigate the urban heat island effect, enhancing green areas by incorporating green corridors in conjunction with green patches is recommended. This study can serve as fundamental data for planning green areas to mitigate future urban heat island effects in apartment complexes. Additionally, it can be considered a method to improve urban resilience in response to the challenges posed by the urban heat island effect.

• Korean Journal of Culture and Social Issue
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• v.9 no.spc
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• pp.107-122
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• 2003

The object of this study is to evaluate the prevailing physical and psychosocial conditions regarding occupational low back injury. This study consists of two parts. In the first part of the study, analytic biomechanical model and NIOSH guidelines are applied to evaluate risk levels of low back injury for automobile assembly jobs. Total of 246 workers are analysed. There are 20 jobs having greater back compressive forces than 300kg at L5/S1. Also, there are 44 jobs over Action Limit with respect to 1981 NIOSH guidelines. The relationship between psychosocial factors and low back injury was examined in the second part of the study. A battery of questionnaires concerning the psychosocial stress based on PWI (Psychosocial Well-being Index) and musculoskeletal pain symptoms at low back was completed by 246 workers at the same plant. Results showed that 207 out 246 workers experienced the symptoms and 27 workers were diagnosed as patients. Two groups(low stressed, high stressed) based on PWI score had no significant relationships with both symptoms and results of diagnosis. The relationships between physical work load and psychosocial stress were also analysed. Specifically, some postural factors(vertical deviation angle of forearm, horizontal deviation angle of upperarm, vertical deviation angle of thigh, etc) were highly correlated with psychosocial stress. The results illustrated that PWI scores were associated with some physical workloads. However, psychosocial stress levels couldn't be well related with the pain symptom as well as the actual incidence of low back injury since pain or discomfort regarding low back injury were more complex than that of other musculoskeletal disorders.