• 대한치과교정학회지
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• 제23권4호
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• pp.503-527
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• 1993

This paper describes a new method to create an animal model for TMJ internal derangement in the New Zealand white rabbits and the light and electron microscopical changes of posterior attachment of them. Twenty six rabbits(2.5-3.0kg), four normal and twenty two experimental, were used. The right disc of experimental animal was displaced anteriorly without sectioning the posterior attachment and tied to the zygomatic arch with nylon not to be reduced to the original position. The left TMJ was sham-operated to be compared with its right experimental one. Normal animals were sacrificed one day and eight weeks after experiment. Experimental animals were sacrificed one day, ten days, three weeks, five weeks and eight weeks after surgery respectively. They were fixed intravenously with $2\%$ glutaldehyde under general anesthesia and the samples of them were processed for light and electron microscopic examination. The purpose of this experiment is to make a suitable animal model of disc displacement without reduction for studying and understanding the cellular and morphologic events in posterior attachment of TMJ including early changes which were difficult to be observed in human TMJs. The results of this investigation suggest the following conclusions : 1. Authors induced anterior disc displacement surgically in rabbits with new method to examine histologic changes of posterior attachment. Tissue reactions of this model seem to be similar to those observed in human disc displacement. We think this animal model for anterior disc displacement may be used to explore and evaluate objectively the effects of many treatment modalities in disc displacements. 2. The animal disease model showed inflammation at early stage(one and ten days). At this stage there were mild-to-severe mononuclear inflammatory cell infiltration, numerous newly formed vessels, vessel dilatation and engormement and many fibroblasts. 3. At middle stage(three weeks), fibrosis occurred, where fibroblasts decreased in number, but their cytoplasm was profuse indicating high activity. Collagen fibers increased in number and the tissue looked more dense. 4. At late stage(five weeks and eight weeks) showed degenerative changes including perforation of posterior attachment, disintegration of collagen fiber bundles, degeneration of fibroblasts, metastatic ossification, and dystrophic calcification.

• 대한치과교정학회지
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• 제51권2호
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• pp.105-114
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• 2021

Objective: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the relationship between rotational disk displacement (DD) of the temporomandibular joint (TMJ) and the dentoskeletal morphology. Methods: Women aged > 17 years were included in this study. Each subject had a primary complaint of malocclusion and underwent routine cephalometric examinations. They were divided into five groups according to the findings on sagittal and coronal magnetic resonance images of their TMJs: bilateral normal disk position, bilateral anterior DD with reduction (ADDR), bilateral rotational DD with reduction (RDDR), bilateral anterior DD without reduction (ADDNR), and bilateral rotational DD without reduction (RDDNR). Twenty-three cephalometric variables were analyzed, and the Kruskal-Wallis test was used to evaluate differences in the dentoskeletal morphology among the five groups. Results: Patients with TMJ DD exhibited a hyperdivergent pattern with a retrognathic mandible, unlike those with a normal disk position. These specific skeletal characteristics were more severe in patients exhibiting DD without reduction than in those with reduction, regardless of the presence of rotational DD. Rotational DD significantly influenced horizontal and vertical skeletal patterns only in the stage of DD with reduction, and the mandible exhibited a more backward position and rotation in patients with RDDR than in those with ADDR. However, there were no significant dentoskeletal differences between ADDNR and RDDNR. Conclusions: The results of this study suggest that rotational DD of TMJ plays an important role in the dentoskeletal morphology, particularly in patients showing DD with reduction.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons
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• 제26권1호
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• pp.97-104
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• 2000

The temporomandibular joint arthrocentesis is indicated the 'closed lock' due to anterior disc displacement without reduction. It can be easily carried out under local anesthesia with little complications. We performed arthrocentesis to the 24 patients, 9 patients who suffered from acute or chronic closed lock with anterior disc displacement, 2 patients from temporomandibular joint dysfunction related to systemic disease and 13 patients from joint dysfunction with pain. We present the common clinical aspect of arthrocentesis that operator can be easily faced with and possible modifications of this method.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons
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• 제29권1호
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• pp.35-42
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• 2003

Purpose: This study was aimed to investigate the relationship between the mandibular asymmetry and the internal derangement of temporomandibular joint. Materials and methods: One hundred and sixty eight patients had been assessed through clinical examinations, panoramic radiographs and magnetic resonance imagings (MRIs), were selected. The samples were classified into three subgroups according to the severity of the mandibular asymmetries in the panoramic radiographs and the status of TMJ discs on the MRI were compared among each groups. Results: In an apparent asymmetry group, there was a significant difference in the number of temporomandibular disk displacement without reduction between the long and short side (66.7%, 18/27 joints on the short side) when the ratio of condylar process and coronoid process was used (p<0.05), but there was no statistically significant difference when the ratio of condyle and ramus was used. Conclusion: The probability of the disc displacement without reduction was higher at the side with relatively shorter condylar process on the panoramic radiograph, and also it might be more effective to use ratio of condylar process and coronoid process in the assessment of mandibular asymmetry. Therefore, a careful assessment on the temporomandibular disorders is necessary to diagnose and establish the treatment plans for the patients with a mandibular asymmetry and the panoramic radiograph can be used effectively on that way.

• Journal of Oral Medicine and Pain
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• 제38권2호
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• pp.149-159
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• 2013

이 연구의 목적은 측두하악관절장애와 외측 익돌근의 수평적 형태 간의 연관성을 조사하는 것이다. 이를 위해 10대에서 50대까지 연령군별로 각 남녀 15명씩 임의로 선정한 총 150명의 측두하악관절장애 환자에서 자기공명영상의 수평면 및 시상면상에서 나타난 외측 익돌근 및 측두하악관절의 형태적 특성을 조사하였다. 조사한 해부학적 특성은 외측 익돌근의 최대폭경, 수평 부착각도, 관절원판의 위치, 과두의 변형여부, 관절 삼출액 여부 등이며, 또한 전이부의 통증여부, 과두 주변의 압통 유무와 같은 임상적 소견이 포함되었다. 이들 해부학적 특성 및 임상적 소견의 상호 간 관련성을 분석한 결과, 비정복성 관절원판 변위를 가진 경우 외측 익돌근의 부착각도가 유의하게 높았으며 전이부에 통증이 있는 경우에는 최대 폭경이 유의하게 큰 것으로 나타났다. 뿐만 아니라 연령이 낮을수록 부착각도가 유의하게 높았으며 남성에서 최대 폭경이 더 큰 것으로 나타났다. 위의 결과를 통해 외측 익돌근 수평 부착각도가 관절원판 변위와 유의한 관련성이 있으며 전이부의 통증이 최대 폭경을 증가시키는 것으로 생각된다. 결론적으로 외측 익돌근의 높은 수평 부착각도가 관절원판 변위 발생의 중요한 해부학적 기여요인이 될 수 있으며, 측두하악관절의 통증은 외측 익돌근의 활성에 영향을 줄 수 있을 것으로 추정된다.

• Journal of Oral Medicine and Pain
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• 제31권2호
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• pp.177-183
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• 2006

관절강세정술은 통상의 보존적 치료법에 실패한 측두하악관절장애 환자에서 합병증의 위험성이 높은 침습적인 외과적 수술법에 대신하여 첫 번째로 고려될 수 있는 치료법이다. 본 증례의 환자들은 측두하악관절의 비정복성 관절원판변위로 진단되어 지속적인 교합안정장치치료, 행동요법치료, 물리치료, 약물치료 등의 보존적 치료에도 불구하고 심한 관절동통과 하악운동범위의 제한을 호소하였다. 따라서 보존적 치료법에 잘 반응하지 않는다고 판단하여 반복적인 관절강세정술을 시행하였고, 시술직후 유의한 동통감소, 하악운동범위의 개선과 함께 양호한 치료경과를 나타냈다. 관절강세정술은 최소의 침습성을 지니는 가장 보존적인 외과적 술식으로서 통법의 보존적 치료에 반응하지 않는 비정복성 관절원판변위 환자를 상기 증례와 같이 적절히 선택한다면 측두하악관절장애의 동통과 기능제한에 효과적인 보조적 치료법이라고 생각된다.

• 치과방사선
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• 제25권2호
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• pp.319-330
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• 1995

This study was designed to evaluate the interrelationship between the condylar head position in transcranial view and the articular disc position in the arthrography. The condylar positions were assessed by subjective method and linear measurement method on the transcranial view. The subjects for this study consisted of 24 symptomatic joints with normal disc position, 37 joints with anterior disc displacement with reduction and 44 joints with anterior disc displacement without reduction that were classified by arthrotomography under the fluoroscopic guidance. The interrelationship between the condylar head position in transcranial view and the articular disc position in the arthrography was evaluated by Chi square test. The obtained results were as follows : 1. There was no significant interrelationship between the position of condylar head in closed mouth state on transcraniaJ view and articular disc position in the arthrography (p>0.05). 2. There was no significant interrelationship between the changes of interarticular distance in 1 inch opening state and articular disc position in the arthrography (p>0.05). 3. There was no significant interrelationship between the position of condylar head related to the apex of articular eminence in 1 inch opening state and articular disc position in the arthrography(p>0.05). 4. There was significant interrelationship between the changes of interarticular distance that is assessed by linear measurement method in maximum opening state and articular disc position in the arthrography(p<0.05), but there was no significant interrelationship when the condylar head position was assessed by subjective method(p>0.05). 5. There was significant interrelationship between the degree of condylar translation in maximum opening state and articular disc position in the arthrography(p<0.05). 6. The correlation coefficient between two methods to assess the position of condylar head were 0.7989: the condylar head position in articular fossa in closed state, 0.6847: interarticular space in 1 inch opening state, 0.8965: the degree of condylar translation in 1 inch opening state, 0.5944: the changes of interarticular space in maximum opening state, 0.9215: the degree of condylar translation in maximum opening state.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons
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• 제36권4호
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• pp.270-274
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• 2010

Introduction: Limited mouth opening is a representative clinical symptom of temporomandibular disorders (TMD) with anterior disc displacement without reduction (ADDWOR). Various treatment methods have been proposed for patients with ADDWOR. This study examined the clinical effectiveness of template therapy for patients with mouth opening difficulty due to the ADDWOR. Material and Methods: A total of 14 patients (female 12, male 2, average age: $29.1{\pm}14.4$), who had been treated in the template clinic, Sooncheonhyang University Bucheon Hospital, from January of 2006 to December of 2008, were enrolled in this study. The subjects were selected according to the following criteria: more than 2 weeks after the onset of locking, mouth opening range <35 mm, and confirmed ADDWOR without a synovial pathology by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). All patients were treated with the template appliance, instructed to wear it while sleeping and exercise for at least 10 hours per day. The maximum mouth opening (MMO) range and pain recognition scores before and after template therapy were recorded and compared. A paired t-test and Wilcoxon's signed rank test were used for statistical analysis. Results: After the periodical follow up, significant improvement in the opening range was observed in the template treatment group. The average MMO range before treatment was $30.2{\pm}3.5mm$ and the average MMO after treatment and follow up was $47.1{\pm}4.7mm$. The mean amount of mouth opening increment was $16.9{\pm}5.4mm$ (P<0.01) and the pain recognition scores before and after treatment was also improved.(P=0.001) Conclusion: The template appliance proved to be efficient for the treatment of TMD with a closed lock and painful joint due to ADDWOR.

• Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
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• 제37권
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• pp.17.1-17.5
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• 2015

Arthroscopy is useful to detect early changes in the temporomandibular joint (TMJ). Despite great advances in arthroscopy, many arthroscopic surgeries have now been replaced by arthrocentesis. We propose a simple diagnostic and therapeutic method having operative rigid ultra-thin arthroscopy with 16 gauge needle size combined with arthrocentesis.

• Journal of Oral Medicine and Pain
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• 제25권2호
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• pp.191-203
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• 2000

This study was performed to investigate the relationship between vertical dimension during swallowing and speech pattern in patients with temporomandibular disorders. For this study, 33 patients with temporomandibular disorders(TMDs), namely, 17 patients with disc displacement with reduction and 16 patients with disc displacement without reduction, and 30 normal subjects without any signs and symptoms in the masticatory system were selected as the patient group and as the normal group, respectively. Biopak $system^{(R)}$(Bioresearch Inc., Milwaukee, USA) was used for recording of electromyographic(EMG) activity(${\mu}V$) of the anterior temporalis, the superficial masseter, the sternocleidomastoideus and the trapezius insertion muscle during swallowing, and of mandibular positional change with function time(sec.) during swallowing and speech. A sentence of 'Sue is missing her house' was used for observing of speech pattern. Comparison between the two groups and relationship of the mandibular positional change and the function time between during swallowing and during speech were analysed by SPSS windows program. The results of this study were as follows : 1. Mean EMG activity of the trapezius insertion during swallowing was higher in the patient group, and the value was $3.4{\mu}V$ in patients and $2.1{\mu}V$ in normal subjects. 2. Vertica1 dimension(VD) at mandibular rest position before swallowing was slightly higher in the patient group, but VD at swallowing-late stage and at rest position after swallowing were not different between the two groups. 3. Swallowing time were 2.1 sec. in the patient group, and 1.5 sec. in the normal group, and the difference was significant. 4. VD during speech were generally higher in the normal group. In this case, speaking position showing the most difference between the two groups was 'her' position. The distance from habitual intercuspal position to 'her' position was 4.9mm in the patient group, and 6.6mm in the normal group. Speaking time was also longer in the patient group. 5. There were no difference in all observed items between the two categories of the patient group according to reduction of disc displacement. 6. Relationship between the positional changes during swallowing and speech were different between the patient group and the normal group. And in the normal group, VD at rest position before swallowing was negatively correlated with speaking time.