• PNF and Movement
• /
• v.21 no.2
• /
• pp.193-202
• /
• 2023

Purpose: We investigated the effects of transcranial stimulation and task-oriented training on upper extremity and cognitive function in chronic stroke patients. Methods: A total of 30 patients were randomly divided into transcranial stimulation and task-oriented training groups (TT) and task-oriented training groups (TO). The TT group performed 30 min 5 times a week for 4 weeks in task-oriented training combined with transcranial direct current stimulation. The TO group performed 30 min 5 times a week for 4 weeks in task-oriented training. To measure upper extremity function, the Jebsen-Taylor Hand Function Test, Manual Function Test, and Cognitive Function Test were performed using the Stroop Test and the Trail Making Test. Results: There was a significant difference (P < 0.05) before and after training in both groups, and the TT group showed significant improvement in both groups. Conclusion: In this study, we confirmed transcranial stimulation and task-oriented training in upper extremity function and cognitive function in patients with chronic strokes.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
• /
• v.29 no.5
• /
• pp.722-730
• /
• 2016

The carcass traits and meat quality of Hanwoo (Korean native cattle) whose diets were supplemented with direct-fed microbial (DFM) and pine cone extract (PCE) were evaluated. Twenty head of Hanwoo steers were divided equally into four groups and for a period of 6 months were given different diets: One group was fed a basal diet as control (CON), the other three groups were fed a basal diet supplemented with DFM-1%, DFM+PCE-1% and DFM+PEC-3%, respectively. DFM+PCE3% diet resulted the lowest carcass quality grade. The loins of DFM-1% contained higher moisture and lower fat than did the loins from the CON group. The crude protein content of DFM+PCE-3% group was significantly higher than that of the other groups. The water holding capacity and Warner-Bratzler shear force of the DFM+PCE-1% and 3% groups were lower than those of the CON and DFM-1% groups. The DFM-1% and 3% groups contained lower saturated fatty acid, higher unsaturated fatty acid, mono-unsaturated fatty acid, and poly-unsaturated fatty acid than did CON and DFM+PCE 1% group. Moreover, the n6:n3 ratios of DFM-1% and DFM+PCE-1% and 3% groups were slightly lower than that of the CON group. Thus we concluded that DFM and PCE supplementation resulted healthier Hanwoo beef with lower fat content and n6:n3 ratio.

• The Journal of Advanced Prosthodontics
• /
• v.10 no.1
• /
• pp.25-31
• /
• 2018

PURPOSE. The aim of the present study was to record the metal-ceramic bond strength of a feldspathic dental porcelain and a Co-Cr alloy, using the Direct Metal Laser Sintering technique (DMLS) for the fabrication of metal substrates. MATERIALS AND METHODS. Ten metal substrates were fabricated with powder of a dental Co-Cr alloy using DMLS technique (test group) in dimensions according to ISO 9693. Another ten substrates were fabricated with a casing dental Co-Cr alloy using classic casting technique (control group) for comparison. Another three substrates were fabricated using each technique to record the Modulus of Elasticity (E) of the used alloys. All substrates were examined to record external and internal porosity. Feldspathic porcelain was applied on the substrates. Specimens were tested using the three-point bending test. The failure mode was determined using optical and scanning electron microscopy. The statistical analysis was performed using t-test. RESULTS. Substrates prepared using DMLS technique did not show internal porosity as compared to those produced using the casting technique. The E of control and test group was $222{\pm}5.13GPa$ and $227{\pm}3GPa$, respectively. The bond strength was $51.87{\pm}7.50MPa$ for test group and $54.60{\pm}6.20MPa$ for control group. No statistically significant differences between the two groups were recorded. The mode of failure was mainly cohesive for all specimens. CONCLUSION. Specimens produced by the DMLS technique cover the lowest acceptable metal-ceramic bond strength of 25 MPa specified in ISO 9693 and present satisfactory bond strength for clinical use.

• Journal of the Korean Dietetic Association
• /
• v.24 no.4
• /
• pp.298-311
• /
• 2018

The purpose of this study was to examine 1) the relationship between the vegetable eating behavior of care givers and that of children, 2) the effectiveness of nutrition education with vegetable playing using direct visual stimulating programs on vegetable eating behavior of preschool children, and 3) the times and period of nutrition education with vegetable playing for significant changes on vegetable eating behavior. A total number of 56 individuals, aged 42 to 66 months old, participated in this study in which three kinds of vegetables (30 g)/meal were served per individual, and vegetable eating behavior was measured by the residue on the dish during 5 weeks (25 days). To the simple visual stimulating group, vegetable dish was served without education, and other groups included education 1 group (nutrition education 1 time/week), education 2 group (nutrition education 2 times/week), and education 3 group (nutrition education 3 times/week) with simple visual stimulation by the vegetable dish. The results showed 1) the significant relationship (P<0.001) between the vegetable eating behavior of the care giver and that of children by analysis of the questionnaire, 2) the effectiveness of nutrition education using vegetable playing on vegetable eating behavior of preschool children (P<0.05), and 3) the significant changes in vegetable eating behavior by the 3rd week in the education 3 group. This study shows that food neophobia caused behavior problems in children regarding vegetable eating and repeated exposure was able to reduce food neophobia.

• Physical Therapy Rehabilitation Science
• /
• v.10 no.1
• /
• pp.76-81
• /
• 2021

Objective: Smartphone addiction can cause forward head posture, carpal tunnel syndrome and depression, and anxiety. Various interventions have been proposed to resolve Smartphone addiction. However, research regarding the efficacy of these interventions remains lacking. This study was conducted to investigate the effect of tDCS (Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation) on smartphone addiction solution and stress reduction. Design: A randomized controlled trial. Methods: The participants were divided randomly into two group (tDCS vs. Control). tDCS was applied to 41 adults (22.95±2.76 years). The tDCS group was applied 2 mA, for 13 minutes twice over a 26 minute period (n₁ = 21). The control (n₂ = 20) was not applied after padding and was applied twice for 13 minutes over a 26 minute period. This study was conducted four times a week for a total of four weeks. Results: Smartphone addiction for tDCS showed significant improvement in the results in the S-score (p<0.05, 95% CI: 0.702, 4.922), and the result of heart rate (HR) and skin conductivity (SC) to stress. The tDCS group and control group showed no significant decrese in the results in the HR (p>0.05, 95% CI: -3.390, 8.332), but tDCS group showed significant decrese in the results in the SC (p<0.05, 95% CI: 0.060, 1.343) Conclusions: This study suggected that smartphone addiction treatment and decreses of stress. The use of tDCS will reduce the addiction rate of adults and reduce stress, so that possible side effects in society can be solved.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
• /
• v.9 no.1
• /
• pp.15-24
• /
• 1983

Irradiation is frequently employed as the sole therapy for oral cancer. These irradiated patients presents peculiar and progressive dental problems. But there is only scanty informations concerning specific approaches to endodontic treatment for head and neck cancer patients who have been subjected to tumorcidal doses of radiation therapy. The purpose of the present study was to determine the effects of cobalt-60 radiation on the pulpal healing of dogs after the direct pulp capping. As the experimental animals, 10 dogs (above 7-8 months after birth) were divided into 3 groups (Control, Group I, Group II). The cobalt-60 was irradiated to the Group I and Group II each 1,009 and 1,562.5 rads as single dose. As the capping material Dycal$^{(R)}$(L.D. Caulk company) was selected. After the direct pulp capping the dogs were sacrified 1, 2, 3, 4, week interval and made the original slides cut with a thickness of 8 microns and stained with hematoxylin and eosin. After examination and comparision of all specimen, the results of this study were drawn as follows; 1. The formation of reparative dentin was observed from the 1st week in the Control group, the 2nd week in the Group I & II. The few and irregular tuble structure was appeared in the 4th week in the Control group only, but failed in the Group I & II. 2. The continuity of dentin bridge was appeared in the 3rd week in all group and the degeneration of odontoblast in the 1st week of the Group II. 3. The congestion and hemorrhage in the pulp tissue were observed in all groups until 3rd week. The inflammation was appeared within the 2nd week in the Group I and especially marked in the Group II, but absent in the Control group. 4. In cases Dycal into the pulp tissue deeply, the local necrosis of pulp and decrease of dentin formation was observed.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
• /
• v.33 no.3
• /
• pp.207-211
• /
• 2000

Backgroud: Conventional cardiac transplantation with each atrial anastomosis designed by Shumway and associates has been used widely in cardiac transplantation because of its simplicity and efficiency. There have been many reports about the postoperative atrioventricular value regurgitation resulting from the alteration in atrial geometry after cardiac transplantation by Shumway's technique. New surgical technique of direct anastomosis of superior vena cava, inferior vena cava, right pulmonary vein and left pulmonary vein was introduced to overcome the those problems. We performed this study to test the feasibility of this new surgical technique prior to application to clinical practice. Material and Method: Conventional cardiac transplantation was performed on 12 mongrel dogs(Group I) and cardiac transplantation with new surgical mthod of direct anastomosis of SVC, IVC, left and right pulmonary veins was performed on 11 mongrel dogs(Group II). After weaning from cardiopulmonary bypass, we compared the postoperative rhythm, hemodynamic data, and echocardiographic findings between two groups. Result : The cardiopulmonary bypass time and graft ischemic time were 119.0$\pm$4.4 minutes, 162.0$\pm$4.5 minutes respectively in group I, and 140.0$\pm$7.1 minutes, 180.5$\pm$5.4 minutes respectively in group II. The cardiopulmonary time and graft ischemic time in group II were longer than those of group I (p<0.05). There were 3 cases of failure to weaning from cardipulmonary bypass onein group I and two in group II, and this difference was not significant statistically. Sinus rhythm was regained postoperatively in 58% (group I) and 82%(group II), without statistical significant between 2 groups. Postoperative echolcardiography showed 2 cases of tricuspid value regurgitation and 1 case of mitral regurgitation in group I, and no regurgitation of atrioventricular value in group II. Conclusion: Although these was no statistically significant difference between 2 groups, there was tendency of less arrhythmia and less atrioventricular valvular regurgitation in group II. We suggested that the new surgical technique could be a useful strategy in heart transplantation, especially in the case of size mismatching between donor and recipient.

• Journal of Broadcast Engineering
• /
• v.9 no.3
• /
• pp.214-224
• /
• 2004

In this paper, an adaptive spatio-temporal predictive coding based on the H.264 is proposed for 3D immersive media encoding, such as 3D image processing, 3DTV, and 3D videoconferencing. First, we propose a spatio-temporal predictive coding using the same view and inter-view images for the two TPPP, IBBP GOP (group of picture) structures 4hat are different from the conventional simulcast method. Second, an 2D inter-view direct mode for the efficient prediction is proposed when the proposed spatio-temporal prediction uses the IBBP structure. The 2D inter-view direct mode is applied when the temporal direct mode in B(hi-Predictive) picture of the H.264 refers to an inter-view image, since the current temporal direct mode in the H.264 standard could no: be applied to the inter-view image. The proposed method is compared to the conventional simulcast method in terms of PSNR (peak signal to noise ratio) for the various 3D test video sequences. The proposed method shows better PSNR results than the conventional simulcast mode.

• Journal of Fashion Business
• /
• v.24 no.1
• /
• pp.102-116
• /
• 2020

After its introduction in Korea, nail art is becoming active, especially among women in their 20s and 30s who are interested in fashion and beauty. Although self-nail tips are available online in various designs for each brand that is currently on the market, these designs and sizes of self-nail tips on the market are different for each age group. Since the design or size is not suggested for the different situations, there are difficulties in purchasing products that match the shape and size of nails of consumers. In this study, frequency analysis was performed using 'SPSS statistics 21.0 for windows program' to analyze data obtained by direct measurement method and 3D scanner measurement method for Korean women in their 20s. For comparative analysis between direct and 3D scanner measurements, a corresponding sample, 'T-test', was performed. As a result, we proposed the standardization of nail tip size after comparative analysis between direct measurement and 3D scanner measurement. Previous studies have been proceeding with direct measurement method. However, this study introduced a 3D scanner measurement method in the nail field and attempted the standardization of nail size by age group of Korean women. Importantly, this sutdy suggests standardization of nail tip size among missing body sizes.

• Transactions on Control, Automation and Systems Engineering
• /
• v.4 no.2
• /
• pp.156-163
• /
• 2002

This paper presents a new formulation to simplify the three resulting constraint equations of the direct kinematics of the 3-6 (Stewart-Gough) Platform. The conventional direct kinematics of the 3-6 Platform has been formulated through complicated steps with trigonometric functions in three angle variables and thus results in the computational burden. In order to reduce the formulation complexity, we replace an angle variable into a length one and express three connecting joints on the moving platform in the same frame. The proposed formulation yields considerable abbreviation of the number of the calculation terms involved in the direct kinematics. It is verified through a series of simulation results.