• Journal of Korean Critical Care Nursing
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.48-57
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• 2009

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to establish reliability and validity and to identify the conversion index. Method: The WMSCN for ICU was revised from Workload Management System for Nurses(WMSN) of Walter Reed Army Hospital. Reliability of the WMSCN was evaluated interrater reliability between head nurses and staff nurses at 124 patients in April 2008. Validity through the correlation between direct nursing care hours and WMSCN score was conducted at 20 ICUs of 10 hospitals. Finally the conversion index was identified by total nursing hours and it divided by WMSCN score. Results: The scores by nurses were highly correlated with head nurses’(p=.967), and also scores of the WMSCN were highly correlated with the direct nursing care hours(p<.001). The distribution of patient classification ranks into class V(61.3%), class IV(24.2%) and class VI(11.3%). The scores of the WMSCN were no differences between MICU and SICU. Finally, the conversion index was 8.2 minutes. Conclusion: WMSCN is available to classify the nursing workload for critical care patients. The repeated evaluation of validity and reliability are requisite to use WMSCN effectively. And the conversion index should be adjusted to estimate the appropriate staffing in Korea.

• Korean Journal of Optics and Photonics
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• v.9 no.4
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• pp.251-257
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• 1998

The equivalent lens conversion is extended to lens group conversion, and the more generalized conversion method is developed. The new conversion method can be used for hte direct thick-to-thick lens conversion. By using the equivalent lens conversion, a thin lens system can be converted into various thick lens system which have different axial thicknesses, but those converted lens systems have identical paraxial property and similar aberration characteristic. For an example, the equivalent lens conversion technique is applied to modification of a thelephoto lens design. The axial thicknesses of the front group elements of the system are reduced to 75% of their original values. The modified design by using the equivalent lens conversion has same focal length with original, and it has smaller aberration changes than the other design of which axial thicknesses are changed only.

• Journal of Electrical Engineering and Technology
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• v.10 no.5
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• pp.2057-2061
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• 2015

This paper describes analysis and experimental characterization of low speed direct drive fractional slot concentrated winding (FSCW) surface permanent magnet synchronous motor (SPMSM) with consequent pole (CP) rotor, for which studies have been recently performed. The proposed motor, which consists of 30 poles and 36 slots, is analyzed and characterized by extensive 2D finite element analysis (FEA) and together with 3D FEA for an appropriate PM overhang length design. The validity of the analysis is confirmed by the corresponding experiments which fully characterize the proposed motor with excellent agreement between the FEA and the experiments. Thermal stability is also experimentally examined to determine continuous operating points and instantaneous operating points of the proposed motor. It is highly expected that the proposed motor is applicable for low speed direct drive applications.

• Korean Journal of Remote Sensing
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• v.21 no.5
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• pp.371-382
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• 2005

We present a processing system for the Atmospheric Infrared Sounder (AIRS) sounding suite onboard Aqua satellite. With its unprecedented 2378 channels in IR bands, AIRS aims at achieving the sounding accuracy of radiosonde (1 K in 1-km layer for temperature and $10\%$ in 2-km layer for humidity). The core of the processor is the International MODIS/AIRS Processing Package (IMAPP) that performs the geometric and radiometric correction for generation of Level 1 brightness temperature and Level 2 geophysical parameters retrieval. The processor can produce automatically from received raw data to Level 2 geophysical parameters. As we process the direct-broadcast data almost for the first time among the AIRS direct-broadcast community, a special attention is paid to understand and verify the Level 2 products. This processor includes sub-systems, that is, the near real time validation system which made the comparison results with in-situ measurement data, and standard digital information system which carry out the data format conversion into GRIdded Binary II (GRIB II) standard format to promote active data communication between meteorological societies. This processing system is planned to encourage the application of geophysical parameters observed by AIRS to research the aqua cycle in the Korean peninsula.

• The Magazine of the IEIE
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• v.29 no.9
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• pp.1050-1050
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• 2002

• Korean Journal of Human Ecology
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• v.20 no.4
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• pp.849-860
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• 2011

This study explores a structural model to examine the relationship between web browsing motivation, retail strategy and purchase conversion for apparel on shopping websites. A self-administered questionnaire based on existing scales includes web browsing motivation, retail strategy, and purchase conversion intention of apparel on the shopping websites. A total of 499 usable questionnaires were obtained from consumers aging 20 to 49 who reside in metropolitan cities in Korea. For data analysis, descriptive statistics, exploratory factor analysis, confirmatory factor analysis, and structural equation models were used via SPSS 12.0 and LISREL 8.8. Findings concluded that web browsing motivations consisted of three factors: hedonic, informational, and recreational browsing for apparel. Hedonic browsing had a negative effect on purchase conversion intention, whereas informational browsing had a positive effect on the purchase conversion intention for apparel on shopping sites. Retail strategies on the website were classified into service, merchandise assortment, and price & promotion; the three elements of retail strategies mediated the relationship between web browsing motivations and purchase conversion intention for apparel. Specially, merchandise assortment had significantly direct effect on the purchase conversion intention of apparel on shopping websites. Managerial implications were discussed for fashion marketers to develop retail strategies and web content in order to convert web browsers or visitors into purchasers.

• Journal of the Korean Operations Research and Management Science Society
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• v.38 no.1
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• pp.123-138
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• 2013

Keyword advertising has been used as a promotion tool rather than the advertising itself to online retailers. This is because the online retailer expects the direct sales increase when they deploy the keyword sponsorship. In practice, many online sellers rely on keyword advertising to promote their sales in short term with limited budget. Most of the previous researches use direct revenue factors as dependent variables such as CTR (click through rate) and CVI (conversion per impression) in their researches on the keyword advertising[14, 16, 22, 25, 31, 32]. Previous studies were, however, conducted in the context of aggregate-level due to the limitations on the data availability. These researches cannot evaluate the performance of keyword advertising in the individual level. To overcome these limitations, our research focuses on conversion of keyword advertising in individual-level. Also, we consider manageable factors as independent variables in terms of online retailers (the costs of keyword by implementation methods and meanings of keyword). In our study we developed the keyword advertising conversion model in the individual-level. With our model, we can make some theoretical findings and managerial implications. Practically, in the case of a fixed cost plan, an increase of the number of clicks is revealed as an effective way. However, higher average CPC is not significantly effective in increasing probability of purchase conversion. When this type (fixed cost plan) of implementation could not generate a lot of clicks, it cannot significantly increase the probability of purchase choice. Theoretically, we consider the promotional attributes which influence consumer purchase behavior and conduct individuals-level research based on the actual data. Limitations and future direction of the study are discussed.

• Journal of Korean Society of Water and Wastewater
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• v.31 no.2
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• pp.177-186
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• 2017

This study concerned the analysis on the efficiency of the conversion of water tank type supply system to direct water supply system to examine the feasibility of the conversion, as well as the calculation of optimal conversion range that enables the supply of safe, high-quality water at stable pressure in accordance with the standards of water supply facility. The results of this research showed that when converting water supply system from water tank type supply system to direct water supply system, more nodal points could be properly converted and more reduction of electricity usage was expected in case water pressure rather than residence time was fixed. This means that higher efficacy can be obtained by fixing water pressure when converting water supply system. However, since the number of the locations that received on-spot inspection was small and the electricity usage measured was not exclusively by water supply facility, it is difficult to judge that such reduction of electricity usage accurately represents reduced electricity usage by water supply facility alone. therefore, after having secured on-spot information about a larger number of locations in apartment complexes that have converted water supply system, and utilizing information about electricity usage exclusively by water supply facility, the proposed method of this research could be applied to accurately deducing expected reduction of electricity usage by water supply facilities of various other apartment complexes. It is also considered possible to deduce an effective operation method of water supply system by finding out an area that shows low pressure or low residual chlorine concentration in the optimal conversion range of water supply, followed by estimating the proper location of pumping station or the proper chlorine dosage at the power purification plant that supply water to the target area.

• 한국신재생에너지학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2010.06a
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• pp.237.2-237.2
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• 2010

Although oscillating water column type wave energy devices are nearing the stage of commercial exploitation, there is still much to be learnt about many facets of their hydrodynamic performance. The techniques of Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) are applied to simulate a wave energy conversion device in free surface such as waves. This research uses the commercially available ANSYS CFX computational fluid dynamics flow solver to model a complete oscillating water column system with savonius turbine incorporated at the rear bottom of the OWC chamber in a three dimensional numerical wave tank. The purpose of the present study is to investigate the effect of an average wave condition on the performance and internal flow of a newly developed direct drive turbine (DDT) model for wave energy conversion numerically. The effects of blade angle and front lip shape on the hydrodynamic efficiency are investigated. The results indicated that the developed models are suitable to analyze the water flow characteristics both in the chamber and in the turbine. For the turbine, the numerical results of torque were compared for the all cases. The results of the testing have also illustrated that simple changes to the front wall aperture shape can provide marked improvements in the efficiency of energy capture for OWC type devices.

• Journal of the Korean Solar Energy Society
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• v.32 no.2
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• pp.74-86
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• 2012

For the improvement of environmental comfort in the buildings with the blind control, the objective of this study is to prevent the direct glare caused by the daylight inlet. During the process of solar profile prediction, time are significant factors that may cause error and glare during the blind control. This research proposes and evaluates the correction and control method to minimize prediction error. For the local areas with different longitude and local standard meridian, error occurred in the process of the time conversion from local standard time to apparent solar time. In order to correct error in time conversion, apparent solar time should be recalculated after adjusting the day of year and the equation of time. To solve the problems by the potential time errors, control method is suggested to divide the control sections using the calibrated fitting-curve and this method is verified through simulations. The proposed correction and control method, which considered potential time errors by loop lop leap years, could solve the problems about direct glare caused by daylight inlet on the work-plane according to the prediction errors of solar profile. And also these methods could maximize daylight inlet and solar heat gain, because the blocked area on windows could be minimized.