Full waveform inversion (FWI) in the field of seismic data processing is an inversion technique that is used to estimate the velocity model of the subsurface for oil and gas exploration. Recently, deep learning (DL) technology has been increasingly used for seismic data processing, and its combination with FWI has attracted remarkable research efforts. For example, DL-based data processing techniques have been utilized for preprocessing input data for FWI, enabling the direct implementation of FWI through DL technology. DL-based FWI can be divided into the following methods: pure data-based, physics-based neural network, encoder-decoder, reparameterized FWI, and physics-informed neural network. In this review, we describe the theory and characteristics of the methods by systematizing them in the order of advancements. In the early days of DL-based FWI, the DL model predicted the velocity model by preparing a large training data set to adopt faithfully the basic principles of data science and apply a pure data-based prediction model. The current research trend is to supplement the shortcomings of the pure data-based approach using the loss function consisting of seismic data or physical information from the wave equation itself in deep neural networks. Based on these developments, DL-based FWI has evolved to not require a large amount of learning data, alleviating the cycle-skipping problem, which is an intrinsic limitation of FWI, and reducing computation times dramatically. The value of DL-based FWI is expected to increase continually in the processing of seismic data.
Asia-Pacific Journal of Business Venturing and Entrepreneurship
/
v.17
no.2
/
pp.153-165
/
2022
The COVID-19 Pandemic incident forced all educational and learning activities to move online, so it is no longer an option to use information and communication technology for education and learning. Venture capital has made the largest investment ever in Edu-tech startups. This study investigates the factors influencing the intention to use digital technology in education, taking into account the Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology (UTAUT) along with digital literacy, which has become an essential ability in the digital age. As a result of the structural equation model analysis, we find that performance expectation, effort expectation, and social influence have a positive effect on the intention to use digital technology in education. Moreover, digital literacy has a positive effect on performance expectation, effort expectation, and social impact, but the direct effect on the intention to use digital technology on learning is not significant. Furthermore, to see the moderating effect of age, the results of multi-group analysis present that the differences between 10s and 60s, between 20s and 60s, between 30s and 60s on the path of social influence on the intention to use digital technology in education are significantly reduced. This study academically contributes to expanding the research on the factors affecting the intention to use digital technology in a specific situation of education by considering both digital literacy and Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology (UTAUT). In addition, it can be used as a practical guide to the factors to be considered for each age when making learning participants more actively use digital technology.
Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
/
v.13
no.10
/
pp.4572-4581
/
2012
This study examined the fitness of a path model on the relationship among critical thinking, career identity, nursing professional self-concept, satisfaction of clinical practice, and clinical practice competency for nursing students. The subjects consisted of 581 nursing students and data was collected through self-report questionnaires. The data was analyzed by the SPSS and AMOS programs. Critical thinking, career identity, nursing professional self-concept, and satisfaction of clinical practice showed a direct effect on clinical practice competency for nursing students. Critical thinking and career identity showed an indirect effect on clinical practice competency for nursing students. Critical thinking and career identity showed a direct effect on nursing professional self-concept and satisfaction of clinical practice for nursing students. We consider the cause which affects the clinical practice competency of student nurses and study on the reasonable and effective curriculum and teaching and learning program.
The purpose of this study was to examine the influence of teacher efficacy and stress coping strategies on job satisfaction of teachers in early childhood education and care. 189 teachers were recruited from 8 day care centers and 10 kindergartens in Seoul, Kyunggi, Kyungbuk, and Chonbuk provinces in Korea. Data were analyzed through frequencies, Pearson's correlations, and the stepwise regression analyses using PASW 18.0. The findings are as follows. First, the result showed that teachers in ECEC were most likely to be satisfied with their job characteristics most among the 4 subcategories in job satisfaction. They also perceived their the ability of discipline high for teacher efficacy, and used the direct coping strategy most as a stress coping strategy. Second, the teachers' ability to create a positive learning atmosphere affected job characteristics, the ability to participate in decision-making affected the relationship with director and colleagues, working environment, welfare and salary the most. Third, the direct coping strategy had the most impacts on all subcategories of job satisfaction. The results of this study may provide basic data for finding effective way to increase job satisfaction of teachers in ECEC.
Purpose: The aim of this study is to investigate whether motor cortex excitability by transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) over primary motor cortex (M1) affects motor performance of serial reaction task. Methods: Cathodal, anodal and sham tDCS (1 mA) are applied over right M1 of 24 subjects for 30 minutes including 11minutes for task period time. We applied two electrodes at the same position to both an experimental group and a sham-controlled group, and we made 2 groups recognize to be applicated of stimulation. Flexion, extension of wrist and thumb flexion are carried out following colors of arrows on the monitor. Serial reaction time task was applied to confirm the difference of the reaction time between 2 groups. Results: Reaction time is decreased in both tDCS-group and Sham-controlled tDCS group, and the degree of reduction is much greater in the post-test than pre-test. Reduction of reaction time between groupsis statistically significant. Conclusion: We consider that anodal tDCS increased the cortical excitability of the underlying motor cortex and it can be helpful to modulate motor performance. It seems that tDCS is an effective modality to modulate brain function, and it will be great help to mediate strategy for the brain injury patients.
In Water Distribution Systems (WDSs), can abnormal hydraulic and water quality conditions such as red-water phenomenon and leakage occur. To restore them, data is generated through various meters data to predict and detect. However, in the case of leakage if difficult to detect unless direct exploration is performed. Among them, unreported leakage, are not seen visually and account for the most considerable volumes of leakage, which leads to economic loss. Bur direct exploration is limited through on site conditions such as securing professional manpower. In this paper, leakage volumes and location were randomly generated for the WDS, which was assumed to be calibrated, and it was detected through a deep learning model. For abnormal data generation, the leakage was simulated using the emitter coefficient, and leakage detection was successfully performed through the generated abnormal data and normal data.
Journal of The Korean Association For Science Education
/
v.26
no.4
/
pp.510-517
/
2006
This study investigated the influences of situational interest, attention, and cognitive effort on drawing as a method to assist students to connect and integrate multiple external representations provided in learning chemical concepts. Seventh graders (N=178) at two coed middle schools were taught about the "Boyle's Law" and the "Charles's Law" for two class hours through drawing. They observed macroscopic phenomena through demonstrations. After these observations, they drew their mental model from the external verbal representation, and then compared their drawings with external visual representation. The tests assessing situational interest, attention, cognitive effort, and conceptual understanding were administered as post-tests. Correlation and path analyses supported a causal model which situational interest had a positive direct effect on attention to the drawing. Attention led to conceptual understanding directly as well as through cognitive effort. These results suggest that situational interest may be induced by drawing first of all, and attention and cognitive effort may be direct causes of conceptual understanding in drawing. Educational implications are discussed.
The international environmental activities and environmental education began in 1970's. Environmental education in Korea was emphasized since the Forth National Curriculum. 'The Environmental Education Curriculum' will be separated as one of the most important parts in the Sixth National Education Curriculum in Korea. The purpose of this study was development. of 'Environmental Science' of high school appropriate to Sixth National Education Curriculum. First step was to state goals of environmental education in detail based on analysis of goals about environmental education in our country and other countries. Second was to analyse seven environments-related texts of Korea, America and England. Third, to measure how much environmental education has achieved in Fifth National Curriculum of Korea. Fourth, to develop a new environmental text of high school level. Fifth, to verify the effect of developed environmental text. The environmental part of 'Science I'(unit V. Life and Environments) and high school environments-related reference text(Survival and Environments) in Korea, American knowledges. American 'Environments' was stressed in many skills but they didn't include various teaching strategies. On the other hand, American 'Science-Technology-Society(S-T-S)' and British 'Science and Technology in Society(SATIS)' were stressed in knowledges and skills, and they included many teaching strategies and student actions. American 'S-T-S' was the only one stressed in values and attitudes. And all seven texts were not interested in behaviors and participations. To measure the achievement of environmental education by questionnaire, 497 high school students in total were selected from five different schools. Actually, most students had a positive thinkings and attitudes in their hearts about environmental problems, about environmental problems, but many of them did not take actions to solve environmental problems and to protect environments. The higher the score students got in 'knowledges and informations', the higher the score in 'skill'. It implies that learning of skills is based on learning of knowledges and informations about environments. On the other hand, much knowledges and information about environments has not always ensured positive thinkings and attitudes or active behaviors and participations to solve environmental problem. In view that ultimate aim of environmental education is forming responsible environmental behaviors and the goals of values and behaviors are as important as knowledges and skills. A new environmental text of high school level was developed and it was based on analysis of seven texts and environmental education in Fifth Korean Curriculum. This text have seven units, 1. Habitates : What're the meanings?, 2. Nuclear Energy : Can't be Avoid?, 3. Acid Rain : What're the Messages?, 4. Ethanol : Is this Future Fuel?, 5. Wastes : A New War!, 6. What're the National and Gloval Environmental education and avoided from the array of knowledges. Therefore included various teaching strategies and independent actions of students. 'Open-ended value learning' and 'free behavior learning' in text were special learning parts for aquisition of values and formation of behaviors. To verify the effects. of new developed environmental text, the direct learning was carried out by 286 students in total. Post test scores of experimental groups per each units were significantly higher than those of control groups from five different schools were as follows. For validity of selecting contents for units, 74% of respondent replied positively. For classification and presentation of four goal-groups, 90% replied positively in validity and 82%, in utility. For validity of various teaching strategies, 88% and for the degree of including student-centered independent actions, 86% replied positively, For importances and expected effects of 'open=ended value learning' and 'free behavior learning', showed positive responses respectively, 88%, 92% Therefore this text is effective to achieve four goals of environmental education equally.
Journal of The Korean Association of Information Education
/
v.21
no.1
/
pp.151-160
/
2017
The purpose of this study was to investigate the current status of information and communications technology(ICT) uses of the faculty members at national universities of education and to provide guidelines for ICT in education. The survey was conducted to examine factors related to the use of ICT, including faculty members' abilities to use ICT with respect to gender, age, and previous experiences with computers and to analyze their relevance to instructional methods. The results of the survey showed that female faculty members and male faculty members in their sixties and those with less years of teaching career were more likely to need support for using ICT than the others. The direct instructional method and discussion were the most frequently used; discussion was positively correlated with ICT uses. It was also found that faculty members anticipated more difficulties in using ICT in class and needed to work in a collaborative way and learn more effective use of ICT in the teaching and learning process.
This study aimed to 1) analyze television drama text to examines how Korean television dramas represent alcohol drinking; 2) interview the actual drama audience to examine how they perceive drinking and whether or not their perception is influenced by the drama text. The author analyzed 60 drama episodes from 12 prime time shows that reached over 20% rating from 2008 to 2010. The result shows that drinking in dramas are portrayed as a solution to various kinds of personal and business problems, medium of romance, a tool for interpersonal communication that facilitates understanding and positive relationship. Female drinkers are prominent but their drinking is taking place under the patronage of male characters, which lead to the maintenance of patriarchal social relations. Interview findings show that the audience have strong motivation to imitate the glamourous lifestyles of leading characters in dramas. The findings strongly suggest observational learning was taking place, especially in the area where the viewers have no direct experience.
본 웹사이트에 게시된 이메일 주소가 전자우편 수집 프로그램이나
그 밖의 기술적 장치를 이용하여 무단으로 수집되는 것을 거부하며,
이를 위반시 정보통신망법에 의해 형사 처벌됨을 유념하시기 바랍니다.
[게시일 2004년 10월 1일]
이용약관
제 1 장 총칙
제 1 조 (목적)
이 이용약관은 KoreaScience 홈페이지(이하 “당 사이트”)에서 제공하는 인터넷 서비스(이하 '서비스')의 가입조건 및 이용에 관한 제반 사항과 기타 필요한 사항을 구체적으로 규정함을 목적으로 합니다.
제 2 조 (용어의 정의)
① "이용자"라 함은 당 사이트에 접속하여 이 약관에 따라 당 사이트가 제공하는 서비스를 받는 회원 및 비회원을
말합니다.
② "회원"이라 함은 서비스를 이용하기 위하여 당 사이트에 개인정보를 제공하여 아이디(ID)와 비밀번호를 부여
받은 자를 말합니다.
③ "회원 아이디(ID)"라 함은 회원의 식별 및 서비스 이용을 위하여 자신이 선정한 문자 및 숫자의 조합을
말합니다.
④ "비밀번호(패스워드)"라 함은 회원이 자신의 비밀보호를 위하여 선정한 문자 및 숫자의 조합을 말합니다.
제 3 조 (이용약관의 효력 및 변경)
① 이 약관은 당 사이트에 게시하거나 기타의 방법으로 회원에게 공지함으로써 효력이 발생합니다.
② 당 사이트는 이 약관을 개정할 경우에 적용일자 및 개정사유를 명시하여 현행 약관과 함께 당 사이트의
초기화면에 그 적용일자 7일 이전부터 적용일자 전일까지 공지합니다. 다만, 회원에게 불리하게 약관내용을
변경하는 경우에는 최소한 30일 이상의 사전 유예기간을 두고 공지합니다. 이 경우 당 사이트는 개정 전
내용과 개정 후 내용을 명확하게 비교하여 이용자가 알기 쉽도록 표시합니다.
제 4 조(약관 외 준칙)
① 이 약관은 당 사이트가 제공하는 서비스에 관한 이용안내와 함께 적용됩니다.
② 이 약관에 명시되지 아니한 사항은 관계법령의 규정이 적용됩니다.
제 2 장 이용계약의 체결
제 5 조 (이용계약의 성립 등)
① 이용계약은 이용고객이 당 사이트가 정한 약관에 「동의합니다」를 선택하고, 당 사이트가 정한
온라인신청양식을 작성하여 서비스 이용을 신청한 후, 당 사이트가 이를 승낙함으로써 성립합니다.
② 제1항의 승낙은 당 사이트가 제공하는 과학기술정보검색, 맞춤정보, 서지정보 등 다른 서비스의 이용승낙을
포함합니다.
제 6 조 (회원가입)
서비스를 이용하고자 하는 고객은 당 사이트에서 정한 회원가입양식에 개인정보를 기재하여 가입을 하여야 합니다.
제 7 조 (개인정보의 보호 및 사용)
당 사이트는 관계법령이 정하는 바에 따라 회원 등록정보를 포함한 회원의 개인정보를 보호하기 위해 노력합니다. 회원 개인정보의 보호 및 사용에 대해서는 관련법령 및 당 사이트의 개인정보 보호정책이 적용됩니다.
제 8 조 (이용 신청의 승낙과 제한)
① 당 사이트는 제6조의 규정에 의한 이용신청고객에 대하여 서비스 이용을 승낙합니다.
② 당 사이트는 아래사항에 해당하는 경우에 대해서 승낙하지 아니 합니다.
- 이용계약 신청서의 내용을 허위로 기재한 경우
- 기타 규정한 제반사항을 위반하며 신청하는 경우
제 9 조 (회원 ID 부여 및 변경 등)
① 당 사이트는 이용고객에 대하여 약관에 정하는 바에 따라 자신이 선정한 회원 ID를 부여합니다.
② 회원 ID는 원칙적으로 변경이 불가하며 부득이한 사유로 인하여 변경 하고자 하는 경우에는 해당 ID를
해지하고 재가입해야 합니다.
③ 기타 회원 개인정보 관리 및 변경 등에 관한 사항은 서비스별 안내에 정하는 바에 의합니다.
제 3 장 계약 당사자의 의무
제 10 조 (KISTI의 의무)
① 당 사이트는 이용고객이 희망한 서비스 제공 개시일에 특별한 사정이 없는 한 서비스를 이용할 수 있도록
하여야 합니다.
② 당 사이트는 개인정보 보호를 위해 보안시스템을 구축하며 개인정보 보호정책을 공시하고 준수합니다.
③ 당 사이트는 회원으로부터 제기되는 의견이나 불만이 정당하다고 객관적으로 인정될 경우에는 적절한 절차를
거쳐 즉시 처리하여야 합니다. 다만, 즉시 처리가 곤란한 경우는 회원에게 그 사유와 처리일정을 통보하여야
합니다.
제 11 조 (회원의 의무)
① 이용자는 회원가입 신청 또는 회원정보 변경 시 실명으로 모든 사항을 사실에 근거하여 작성하여야 하며,
허위 또는 타인의 정보를 등록할 경우 일체의 권리를 주장할 수 없습니다.
② 당 사이트가 관계법령 및 개인정보 보호정책에 의거하여 그 책임을 지는 경우를 제외하고 회원에게 부여된
ID의 비밀번호 관리소홀, 부정사용에 의하여 발생하는 모든 결과에 대한 책임은 회원에게 있습니다.
③ 회원은 당 사이트 및 제 3자의 지적 재산권을 침해해서는 안 됩니다.
제 4 장 서비스의 이용
제 12 조 (서비스 이용 시간)
① 서비스 이용은 당 사이트의 업무상 또는 기술상 특별한 지장이 없는 한 연중무휴, 1일 24시간 운영을
원칙으로 합니다. 단, 당 사이트는 시스템 정기점검, 증설 및 교체를 위해 당 사이트가 정한 날이나 시간에
서비스를 일시 중단할 수 있으며, 예정되어 있는 작업으로 인한 서비스 일시중단은 당 사이트 홈페이지를
통해 사전에 공지합니다.
② 당 사이트는 서비스를 특정범위로 분할하여 각 범위별로 이용가능시간을 별도로 지정할 수 있습니다. 다만
이 경우 그 내용을 공지합니다.
제 13 조 (홈페이지 저작권)
① NDSL에서 제공하는 모든 저작물의 저작권은 원저작자에게 있으며, KISTI는 복제/배포/전송권을 확보하고
있습니다.
② NDSL에서 제공하는 콘텐츠를 상업적 및 기타 영리목적으로 복제/배포/전송할 경우 사전에 KISTI의 허락을
받아야 합니다.
③ NDSL에서 제공하는 콘텐츠를 보도, 비평, 교육, 연구 등을 위하여 정당한 범위 안에서 공정한 관행에
합치되게 인용할 수 있습니다.
④ NDSL에서 제공하는 콘텐츠를 무단 복제, 전송, 배포 기타 저작권법에 위반되는 방법으로 이용할 경우
저작권법 제136조에 따라 5년 이하의 징역 또는 5천만 원 이하의 벌금에 처해질 수 있습니다.
제 14 조 (유료서비스)
① 당 사이트 및 협력기관이 정한 유료서비스(원문복사 등)는 별도로 정해진 바에 따르며, 변경사항은 시행 전에
당 사이트 홈페이지를 통하여 회원에게 공지합니다.
② 유료서비스를 이용하려는 회원은 정해진 요금체계에 따라 요금을 납부해야 합니다.
제 5 장 계약 해지 및 이용 제한
제 15 조 (계약 해지)
회원이 이용계약을 해지하고자 하는 때에는 [가입해지] 메뉴를 이용해 직접 해지해야 합니다.
제 16 조 (서비스 이용제한)
① 당 사이트는 회원이 서비스 이용내용에 있어서 본 약관 제 11조 내용을 위반하거나, 다음 각 호에 해당하는
경우 서비스 이용을 제한할 수 있습니다.
- 2년 이상 서비스를 이용한 적이 없는 경우
- 기타 정상적인 서비스 운영에 방해가 될 경우
② 상기 이용제한 규정에 따라 서비스를 이용하는 회원에게 서비스 이용에 대하여 별도 공지 없이 서비스 이용의
일시정지, 이용계약 해지 할 수 있습니다.
제 17 조 (전자우편주소 수집 금지)
회원은 전자우편주소 추출기 등을 이용하여 전자우편주소를 수집 또는 제3자에게 제공할 수 없습니다.
제 6 장 손해배상 및 기타사항
제 18 조 (손해배상)
당 사이트는 무료로 제공되는 서비스와 관련하여 회원에게 어떠한 손해가 발생하더라도 당 사이트가 고의 또는 과실로 인한 손해발생을 제외하고는 이에 대하여 책임을 부담하지 아니합니다.
제 19 조 (관할 법원)
서비스 이용으로 발생한 분쟁에 대해 소송이 제기되는 경우 민사 소송법상의 관할 법원에 제기합니다.
[부 칙]
1. (시행일) 이 약관은 2016년 9월 5일부터 적용되며, 종전 약관은 본 약관으로 대체되며, 개정된 약관의 적용일 이전 가입자도 개정된 약관의 적용을 받습니다.