• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제33권8호
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• pp.1233-1241
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• 2020

Objective: The present investigation was aimed to explore the potential of lactobacilli for conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) production, isolated from rumen fluid samples of lactating goats. Methods: A total of 64 isolates of lactobacilli were obtained using deMan-Rogosa-Sharpe (MRS) agar from rumen fluid of goats and further subjected to morphological and biochemical characterizations. Isolates found as gram-positive, catalase negative rods were presumptively identified as Lactobacillus species and further confirmed by genus specific polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The phylogenetic tree was constructed from the nucleotide sequences using MEGA6. Results: Out of the 64 isolates, 23 isolates were observed positive for CLA production by linoleate isomerase gene-based amplification and quantitatively by UV-spectrophotometric assay for the conversion of linoleic acid to CLA as well as gas chromatography-based assay. In all Lactobacillus species cis9, trans11 isomer was observed as the most predominant CLA isomer. These positive isolates were identified by 16S rRNA gene-based PCR sequencing and identified to be different species of L. ingluviei (2), L.salivarius (2), L. curvatus (15), and L. sakei (4). Conclusion: The findings of the present study concluded that lactic acid bacteria isolated from ruminal fluid samples of goat have the potential to produce bioactive CLA and may be applied as a direct fed microbial to enhance the nutraceutical value of animal food products.

• 현장농수산연구지
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• 제19권1호
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• pp.139-151
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• 2017

본 연구에서는 기능성 우유의 생산을 위해 높은 항산화 효과를 가지고 심혈관계 질환 환자에게 유익한 CoQ10을 홀스타인 젖소의 우유에 전이시키기 위해 CoQ10 생산성이 높은 R. sphaeroides가 반추위 내에서 생존하며 반추위 환경에 적응하여 CoQ10 생산의 가능성과 반추위 발효에 미치는 영향을 판단하였다. 반추위 환경과 가장 유사한 환경을 만들 수 있는 반추위연속배양장치(RSCC)를 이용하여 CoQ10 생산과 반추 발효를 분석하였다. 전체 15일의 배양기간에서 배양이 안정되는 12일 후부터 5% R. sphaeroides 처리한 군과 R. sphaeroides를 처리하지 않은 대조구로 나누어 실험을 진행한 결과, RSCC system시험에서는 NDF, ADF, pH, NH₃-N그리고 미생물 단백질 합성량은 대조구와 유사한 결과를 보였으나, R. sphaeroides가 성장함으로써 반추위에서 분해되지 않는 반추위 비분해성 단백질인 UDP가 대조구에 유의적으로 높게 나타났다. 특히, CoQ10은 대조구에서는 검출되지 않았으나, 처리구에서는 CoQ10 함량이 336.0 mg/l로 높게 나타났다. 이 연구를 통해서 R. sphaeroides는 반추위 내에서 항산화 물질인 CoQ10을 높은 농도로 생산할 수 있음을 확인하였다. 추후 젖소 착유 실험을 통한 CoQ10 우유 전이 실험을 진행하여 기능성 우유 생산을 위한 첨가제 개발에 활용할 예정이다.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• 제40권2호
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• pp.89-94
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• 1997

Aspergillus awamori(A)와 Zymomonas mobilis(Z)로 구성된 혼합고정화 배양계(A-Z 36계)의 특성을 이용하여 생전분으로 부터 직접 에탄올생산을 행할 때 투입되는 에너지를 절약할 목적으로 비가열살균 배양법을 검토하였다. A-Z 36계에 의한 비가열살균 배양은 배지에 함유된 세균 때문에 어려웠다. Sorbic acid, benzoic acid, dehydroacetic acid, p-hydroxybenzoic acid, Vantocil IB, Neupectin-L 등의 여러 가지 살균제 중에서 Vantocil IB와 Neupectin-L은 잡균의 오염없이 대조구와 비슷한 속도로 기질을 분해하였다. 0.1% Neupectin-L은 대조구보다 약간 높은 6.9 g/l(대조구 : 6.4 g/l)의 에탄올을 생산하였다$(Y_{p/s}:0.39)$. 0.1% Neupectin-L을 첨가한 유가배양에서는 2%기질을 기본으로 5회분의 기질을 첨가하여 34 g/l 에탄올을 얻어 2.0 g/l/day의 생산성을 나타내었다.

• 한국축산시설환경학회지
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• 제18권sup호
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• pp.47-54
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• 2012

증체량은 모든 처리구(281.4~294.5 kg)가 대조구(271.4 kg) 보다 높았으나 유의적인 차이는 없었다(P>0.05). PS구를 포함한 모든 처리구의 DM, CP 및 TDN 함량이 대조구에 비해 3~8% 향상되는 결과를 얻었으나 통계적인 차이는 없었다(P>0.05). 모든 시험축군에서 수의적 치료를 요하는 질병은 발생되지 않았다. ES구가 모든 처리구와 비교할 때 총 단백질량은 낮고 BUN은 높은 경향을 보였다(P>0.05). 면역물질인 IgG항체 농도는 전 처리구간에 유의적인 차이가 없었다(P>0.05). 혈중 glucose 농도는 대조구(114 mg/dl)를 제외한 모든 처리구(97.8~104 mg/dl)에서 낮은 경향을 보였다(P>0.05). ES구(109.8 mg/dl)의 총 cholesterol 농도가 대조구(86.3 mg/dl) 보다 26% 높았으나 유의적인 차이가 없었다(P>0.05). 간상피세포 손상여부와 관계있는 GOT, GPT는 대조구(56, 14IU/L)에 비해 모든 처리구(45~49, 11~13.8 IU/L)에서 낮은 수치를 보였으며 유의적인 차이는 없었다(P>0.05). 비타민 A는 PS구(36.1 IU/dl)가 다른 처리구(30.9~34.4 IU/dl) 보다 높았으나 유의적인 차이가 없었다(P>0.05). 비타민 C는 ES구(3 mg/L)가 다른 시험구(3.7~3.9 mg/L) 보다 낮았으나 유의적인 차이가 없었다(P>0.05). 또한 모든 처리구의 비타민 E(150.1~155.4 IU/dl)는 대조구(143.7 IU/dl) 보다 높았으나 유의적인 차이가 없었다(P>0.05).

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제31권1호
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• pp.40-46
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• 2018

Objective: To examine the effects of Rhodobacter sphaeroides (R. sphaeroides) supplementation as a direct-fed microbial (DFM) on rumen fermentation in dairy cows and on coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) transition into milk, an in vitro rumen simulation batch culture and an in vivo dairy cow experiment were conducted. Methods: The characteristics of in vitro ruminal fermentation were investigated using rumen fluids from six cannulated Holstein dairy cows at 2 h post-afternoon feeding. A control treatment was included in the experiments based on a typified total mixed ration (TMR) for lactating dairy cows, which was identical to the one used in the in vivo study, plus R. sphaeroides at 0.1%, 0.3%, and 0.5% TMR dry matter. The in vivo study employed six ruminally cannulated lactating Holstein cows randomly allotted to either the control TMR (C-TMR) treatment or to a diet supplemented with a 0.5% R. sphaeroides culture (S-TMR, dry matter basis) ad libitum. The presence of R. sphaeroides was verified using denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) applied to the bacterial samples obtained from the in vivo study. The concentration of CoQ10 in milk and in the supernatant from the in vitro study was determined using high performance liquid chromatography. Results: The results of the in vitro batch culture and DGGE showed that the concentration of CoQ10 significantly increased after 2 h of R. sphaeroides supplementation above 0.1%. When supplemented to the diet of lactating cows at the level of 0.5%, R. sphaeroides did not present any adverse effect on dry matter intake and milk yield. However, the concentration of CoQ10 in milk dramatically increased, with treated cows producing 70.9% more CoQ10 than control cows. Conclusion: The CoQ10 concentration in milk increased via the use of a novel DFM, and R. sphaeroides might be used for producing value-added milk and dairy products in the future.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• 제64권1호
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• pp.38-51
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• 2022

Whole-plant corn (Zea may L.) and sorghum-sudangrass hybrid [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench] are major summer crops that can be fed as direct-cut or silage. Proso millet is a short-season growing crop with distinct agronomic characteristics that can be productive in marginal lands. However, information is limited about the potential production, feed value, and ensilability of proso millet forage. We evaluated proso millet as a silage crop in comparison with conventional silage crops. Proso millet was sown on June 8 and harvested on September 5 at soft-dough stage. Corn and sorghum-sudangrass hybrid were planted on May 10 and harvested on September 10 at the half milk-line and soft-dough stages, respectively. The fermentation was evaluated at 1, 2, 3, 5, 10, 15, 20, 30, and 45 days after ensiling. Although forage yield of proso millet was lower than corn and sorghum-sudangrass hybrid, its relative feed value was greater than sorghum-sudangrass hybrid. Concentrations of dry matter (DM), crude protein, and water-soluble carbohydrate decreased commonly in the ensiling forage crops. The DM loss was greater in proso millet than those in corn and sorghum-sudangrass hybrid. The in vitro dry matter digestibility declined in the forage crops as fermentation progressed. In the early stages of fermentation, pH dropped rapidly, which was stabilized in the later stages. Compared to corn and sorghum-sudangrass hybrid, the concentration of ammonia-nitrogen was greater in proso millet. The count of lactic acid bacteria reached the maximum level on day 10, with the values of 6.96, 7.77, and 6.95 Log₁₀ CFU/g fresh weight for proso millet, corn, and sorghum-sudangrass hybrid, respectively. As ensiling progressed, the concentrations of lactic acid and acetic acid of the three crops increased and lactic acid proportion became higher in the order of sorghum-sudangrass hybrid, corn, and proso millet. Overall, the shorter, fast-growing proso millet comparing with corn and sorghum-sudangrass hybrid makes this forage crop an alternative option, particularly in areas where agricultural inputs are limited. However, additional research is needed to evaluate the efficacy of viable strategies such as chemical additives or microbial inoculants to minimize ammonia-nitrogen formation and DM loss during ensiling.

• Animal Bioscience
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• 제37권8호
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• pp.1418-1427
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• 2024

Objective: This study aimed to investigate the efficacy of Bacillus-based probiotics supplemented at two different levels to modulate the productive performance, egg quality, tibia traits, and specific cecal bacteria counts of Hy-Line Brown layers from 25 to 37 weeks of age. Methods: A total of 216 twenty-five-week-old hens were randomly distributed into 3 experimental diets with 12 replicates of 6 birds per cage. Diets included basal diet supplemented with 0 (CON), 3×10⁸ (PRO1), or 3×10⁹ (PRO2) colony-forming unit (CFU) of the test probiotic containing Bacillus subtilis PB6, Bacillus subtilis FXA, and Bacillus licheniformis G3 per kilogram of feed. Results: Improved egg weights and mass at 29 weeks; and feed intake at 31 weeks (p<0.10) were noticed with the probiotic-supplemented PRO1 and PRO2 diets. Considering egg quality, the shell thickness, Haugh units, and yolk color were improved; but yolk cholesterol was lowered (p<0.05) with PRO1 and PRO2 diets at 29 weeks. At both 33 and 37 weeks, the egg-breaking strength, shell color and thickness, albumen height, Haugh units, and yolk color were improved; but yolk cholesterol was similarly lowered (p<0.05) with the PRO1 and PRO2 diets. Improved tibia Ca, ash, weights, and density; and raised cecal counts of Bifidobacteria and Lactobacilli (p<0.05) were noticed with PRO1 and PRO2 diets. Improved tibia P but reduced Clostridia counts (p<0.10) were also observed with the PRO1 and PRO2 diets. Conclusion: Probiotic supplementation of Bacillus subtilis PB6, Bacillus subtilis FXA, and Bacillus licheniformis G3 at 3×10⁸ CFU/kg of feed is adequate to significantly improve egg quality, lower yolk cholesterol, enhance several tibia traits, and raise the populations of beneficial cecal bacteria. Modest improvements in several productive parameters and tibia P but reduced Clostridia were also observed; and could warrant further investigation of probiotic effects beyond the current test period.