• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information and Communication Engineering
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• v.4 no.3
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• pp.527-536
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• 2000

This paper discusses the design of self-oscillating mixer type low noise down converter using the microwave field effect transistor. The mixer is consists of local oscillator in which high stability dielectric resonator and band pass filter to get rid of spurious oscillation at intermediate frequency stage. The microstrip antenna was integrated in the same substrate which generate 12.3GHz and low noise amplifier was also added after antenna using 3 stage of high electron mobility transistors. The output frequency from the local oscillator was chosen as 11.3GHz for the Ku-band application. The measured phase noise was -804dBc/Hz at 100kHz offset frequency, and the gain was 7～12dB in frequency range from 12.0GHz to 12.7GHz. The noise figure at intermediate frequency stage was 64H. The designed model shows less conversion loss than previous diode type mixer. The proposed mixer can be used in digital satellite broadcasting and communication system and expected to use in next generation low noise block design.

• Journal of the Society of Naval Architects of Korea
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• v.39 no.3
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• pp.57-63
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• 2002

This paper describes a control algorithm for the buffer of a deep-sea mining system, in which the buffer is connected to a long slender pipe and then to a surface ship on one end, and to a collector on sea floor through a flexible hose on the other end. A mathematical modeling is established for designing the controller for buffer thrusters, in which the dynamic response of the long pipe is taken into account based on the mode superposition method. The fluid loading acting on the pipe is estimated by using Morison's formula. For simplicity, the surface ship is assumed to be kept stationary, the reaction from the flexible hose is ignored and only the lateral motions are considered. In order to guide the buffer to react only to the low-frequency motion of the surface vessel, the FIR digital filter is introduced to a PID-based controller It can be shown numerically that the high frequency component of the ship's motion can be effectively filtered out by using the FIR low pass filter.

• Journal of Digital Contents Society
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• v.19 no.9
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• pp.1803-1810
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• 2018

Recently, many researches related to IoT (Internet of Things) have been actively conducted. In order to improve the context aware function of smart wearable devices using the IoT, we proposed a noise reduction method for the event data of the sensor part. In thisstudy, the adoption of the low - pass filter induces the attenuation of the abnormally measured value, and the benefit was obtained from the situation recognition using the event data of the sensor. As a result, we have validated attenuation for abnormal or excessive noise using event data detected and reported by 3-axis acceleration sensors on some devices, such as smartphones and smart watches. In addition, various pattern data necessary for real - time context aware were obtained through noise pattern analysis.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Information and Commucation Sciences Conference
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• 2012.10a
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• pp.225-228
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• 2012

In this paper, a 10-bit digital-to-analog converter (DAC) with small area is proposed. The 10-bit DAC consists of a 8-bit decoder, a 2-bit time-interpolator, and a buffer amplifier. The proposed time-interpolation is achieved by controlling the charging time through a low-pass filter composed of a resistor and a capacitor. To implement the accurate time-interpolator, a control pulse generator using a replica circuit is proposed to minimize the effect of the process variation. The proposed 10-bit Time-Interpolation DAC occupies 61 % of the conventional 10-bit resistor-string DAC. The proposed DAC is designed using a $0.35{\mu}m$ CMOS process with a 3.3 V supply. The simulated DNL and INL are +0.15/-0.21 LSB and +0.15/-0.16 LSB, respectively.

• Korean Journal of Applied Biomechanics
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.47-65
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• 2003

The purpose of this study was to investigate the differences of the kinematical and the kinetical factors that calculated from preflight to postflight of salto forward straight 3/2 turn motion between skitters and less-skitters. four S-VHS video cameras operating at 60Hz were used to record the performances. five elite male gymnasts were participated in this study as subjects. three-dimensional coordinates of 20 body landmarks during each trial were collected using a Direct Linear Transformation method. The digitized body landmarks were smoothed using a Butterworth second order with low pass digital filter and a cutoff frequency of 10Hz. 1. A skitter, got a high score for performance, showed shorter time and faster horizontal velocity than a less-skitter at the board contact. also, a skitter extended quickly his knee and hip joint after contacting board for preflight phase. 2. A skitter revealed faster time and horizontal velocity the vault from taking off board than a less-skiller. A skitter took a long time and high distance to get the vertical peak compared with a less-skiller. 3. For the second phase, a skitter, who executes the most optimal motions among the subjects, displayed a long flight time, a high height, and a far flight distance as well as maintaining consistent horizontal speed even at the peak of post flight. On the other side, a less-scorer displayed a slow vertical velocity, distance and a short time at the point of take-off from vault as well as low height at the peak of post flight.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.147-152
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• 2012

This paper dealt with the frequency component analysis of acoustic signals produced by corona and series-arc discharges as a diagnostic technique for closed-switchboards. Corona and series-arc discharge were simulated by a needle-plane electrode and an arc generator specified in UL1699, respectively. Acoustic signal was detected by a wideband acoustic sensor with a frequency bandwidth of 4 Hz~100 kHz (-3 dB). We analyzed frequency spectrums of the acoustic signals detected in various discharge conditions. The results showed that acoustic signals mainly exist in ranges from 30 kHz to 60 kHz. From the experimental results, an acoustic detection system which consists of a constant current power supply (CCP), a low noise amplifier (LNA) and a band pass filter was designed and fabricated. The CCP separates the signal component from the DC source of acoustic sensor, and the LNA has a gain of 40 dB in ranges of 280 Hz~320 kHz. The high and the low cut-off frequency are 30 kHz and 60 kHz, respectively. We could detect corona and series-arc discharges without any interference by the acoustic detection system, and the best frequency is considered in ranges of 30 kHz~60 kHz.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Electromagnetic Engineering and Science
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• v.8 no.4
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• pp.390-402
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• 1997

The ignition noises from the vehicle are measured and the measurement data are statistically treated for modeling. The low-noise amplifier and band-pass filter are added between the receiver and the three axes antenna for low noise level measurement and the APD and PSD are measured in 800 MHz frequency range. The measured APD curves can be expressed in terms of sensitivity study of each model through 3(class A) or 6(Class B) parameters variation, and these optimal parameter can easily be calculated by using the Composite Approximation Algorithm. The selected APD parameter can be used for making the Data Base EM-environments and also applied to determine the output and sensitivity margin for the transmitter and receiver. 'Digital microwave transmission systems are equipped with equalizer against fading during multipath fading. In this paper, we proposed variable reference tap position equalizer that varies the reference tap according to fading type to archive better performance. We got the perf？mance improvement about 4~5 dB in MP condition and 2~3 dB in NMP condition from simulation results.

• Journal of IKEEE
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.16-23
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• 2010

Since the interest of a brain science research is increased recently, various devices using brain waves have been developed in the field of brain training game, education application and brain computer interface. In this paper, we have developed a portable EEG measurement and a bluetooth based wireless transmission device measuring brain waves from the frontal lob simply and conveniently. The low brain signals about 10~100${\mu}V$ was amplified into several volts and low pass, high pass and notch filter were designed for eliminating unwanted noise and 60Hz power noise. Also, PIC24F192 microcontroller has been used to convert analog brain signal into digital signal and transmit the signal into personal computer wirelessly. The sampling rate of 1KHz and bluetooth based wireless transmission with 38,400bps were used. The LabVIEW programing was used to receive and monitor the brain signals. The power spectrum of commercial biopac MP100 and that of a developed EEG system was compared for performance verification after the simulation signals of sine waves of $1{\mu}V$, 0~200Hz was inputed and processed by FFT transformation. As a result of comparison, the developed system showed good performance because frequency response of a developed system was similar to that of a commercial biopac MP100 inside the range of 30Hz specially.

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics Engineers of Korea SD
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• v.47 no.11
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• pp.6-12
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• 2010

A sigma-delta modulator based class-D audio amplifier is presented. Parallel digital input is serialized to two-bit output by a fourth-order digital sigma-delta noise shaper. The output of the digital sigma-delta noise shaper is applied to a fourth-order analog sigma-delta modulator whose three-level output drives power switches. The pulse density modulated (PDM) output of the power switches is low-pass filtered by an LC-filter. The PDM output of the power switches is fed back to the input of the analog sigma-delta modulator. The first integrator of the analog sigma-delta modulator is a hybrid of continuous-time (CT) and switched-capacitor (SC) integrator. While the sampled input is applied to SC path, the continuous-time feedback signal is applied to CT path to suppress the noise of the PDM output. The class-D audio amplifier is fabricated in a standard $0.13-{\mu}m$ CMOS process and operates for the signal bandwidth from 100-Hz to 20-kHz. With 4-${\Omega}$ load, the maximum output power is 18.3-mW. The total harmonic distortion plus noise and dynamic range are 0.035-% and 80-dB, respectively. The modulator consumes 457-uW from 1.2-V power supply.

• The Journal of Engineering Geology
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• v.3 no.2
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• pp.167-176
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• 1993

The high resolution studies for shallow seismic reflection are carried out using 24-channel seismograph and the high sensitivity geophone(50-500Hz). In order to study the underground structures such as small faults, fractures, cracks and cavities, it is of great importance to enhance high resolution of the seisrnic records for the targets vertically and laterally. In analysis of high resolution seismic reflection, Nyquist frequency($F_N$) should be lager than the highest frequency in the records and the highest wave number should not be exceed the Nyquist wave number($1/2{\Delta}x$). The highest frequency above the Nyquist will be removed using low pass filter or antialias filter. The trace interval Ax should be taken into account so that the highest wave number(f/v) can be less than $1/2{\Delta}x$. The Fraunhofer diffraction of a hyperbola seismic section above the tunnel appeares on the common offset method, and little first arrivals of direct wave on the single-end shooting, delayed strong impulsive reflections are also shown above the tunnel. Ray Method(Cherveney and Psencik, 1983) also represents the same results that the reflected waves from the tunnel are delayed and single impulsive with little first arrivals, while transrnitted waves through the tunnel are delayed with low frequency.