• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• v.57 no.4
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• pp.372-376
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• 2004

Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (PCP) is an infectious disease of immune-compromised host. Sometimes it is difficult to differentiate PCP with diffuse pulmonary hemorrhage. Association between PCP and diffuse pulmonary hemorrhage has been reported in 30% of PCP with HIV positive patients. But association between PCP and diffuse pulmonary hemorrhage has not been reported in non-HIV positive patients without any known underlying causes of diffuse pulmonary hemorrhage. We report a case of PCP with diffuse pulmonary hemorrhage in 66 years old male patient. We confirmed PCP and diffuse pulmonary hemorrhage with bronchoalveolar lavage. We can exclude the possible other causes of diffuse pulmonary hemorrhage except PCP. PCP may be one of possible cause of diffuse pulmonary hemorrhage in non-HIV immune compromised patient.

• Journal of The Korean Astronomical Society
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.141-160
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• 1989

In order to derive time dependence of the atmospheric diffuse light, which consists of the airglow continuum emission and diffusely scattered radiations of the intergrated starlight, the diffuse Galactic light, and the zodiacal light, we have analyzed the meridian scan observations of the sky brightness at $5,080\;{\AA}$ and $5,300\;{\AA}$. Amplitude of the time-variation becomes larger for lower elevation, and maximum amplitude is found to be about $50\;S_{10}(V)_{G2V}$ at elevation $10^{\circ}$. The atmospheric diffuse radiation attains maximum brightness at around midnight, and afterward it decreases slowly with time. The time-variations for the two wavelengths are similar to each other. The observed brightness distribution of the diffuse light along the zenith distance is fitted to an empirical relation of two parameters. By making the two parameters time-dependent, we describe the spatial and time variations of the atmospheric diffuse light. This enables us to make time dependent correction for the atmospheric diffuse component in the reduction of zodiacal light brightness.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Broadcast Engineers Conference
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• 2022.11a
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• pp.26-29
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• 2022

The diffuse sound field plays a crucial role in the perceptual quality of the auralization of virtual scenes. Diffuse Rain is a geometrical scattering model which enables the simulation of diffuse fields that is compatible with acoustic ray tracing, but is often computationally expensive. We develop a novel method that can reduce this cost by rendering the large number of Diffuse Rain data in Ambisonics format. The proposed method is evaluated in a shoebox scene simulation run on MATLAB, in reference to a more faithful method of rendering the Diffuse Rain data ray-by-ray. The EDC and IACC of the binaural output show that the simulated diffuse field can be rendered in Ambisonics with only minimal deviations in energy decay and spatial quality, even with 1^st-order Ambisonics.

• ETRI Journal
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• v.36 no.5
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• pp.772-782
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• 2014

Two-microphone binary mask speech enhancement (2mBMSE) has been of particular interest in recent literature and has shown promising results. Current 2mBMSE systems rely on spatial cues of speech and noise sources. Although these cues are helpful for directional noise sources, they lose their efficiency in diffuse noise fields. We propose a new system that is effective in both directional and diffuse noise conditions. The system exploits two features. The first determines whether a given time-frequency (T-F) unit of the input spectrum is dominated by a diffuse or directional source. A diffuse signal is certainly a noise signal, but a directional signal could correspond to a noise or speech source. The second feature discriminates between T-F units dominated by speech or directional noise signals. Speech enhancement is performed using a binary mask, calculated based on the proposed features. In both directional and diffuse noise fields, the proposed system segregates speech T-F units with hit rates above 85%. It outperforms previous solutions in terms of signal-to-noise ratio and perceptual evaluation of speech quality improvement, especially in diffuse noise conditions.

• Journal of Korean Foot and Ankle Society
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.220-223
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• 2005

Pigmented villonodular synovitis (PVNS) in ankle is relatively uncommon. This disorder results in increased proliferation of synovium causing villous or nodular changes containing histiocytes, fibroblasts, multinucleated giant cell, and hemosiderin. PVNS is classified into two different type : localized and diffuse. Diffuse type of PVNS in ankle is more common than localized type. Also, recurrence of diffuse type is more frequent. We report a case of diffuse type of PVNS which was recurred soon after the excision.

• Journal of Korean Foot and Ankle Society
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.211-213
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• 2009

Pigmented villonodular synovitis (PVNS) is a rare proliferative disorder that affects synovium, tendon sheath and bursa. Although the condition can present in any joint, knee joint is the most commonly affected site and only 2.5% of cases occur in foot and ankle joint. PVNS occurs in two types: localized and diffuse. Localized type is characterized by focal involvement of the synovium with either nodular or pedunculated masses, Diffuse type affects virtually the entire synovium. Diffuse type has reported more recurrence rate. We have experienced a patient who has diffuse type PVNS of ankle joint and report an optimal method of surgical treatment.

• Journal of Korea Water Resources Association
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• v.37 no.12
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• pp.1009-1018
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• 2004

A systematic method using an optimal estimation algorithm is presented for simultaneous estimation of diffuse pollution distributed along a stream reach and model parameters for a stream water quality model. It was applied with the QVAL2E model to the South Han River for optimal estimation of kinetic constants and diffuse loads along the river. Initial calibration results for kinetic constants selected from a sensitivity analysis reveal that diffuse source inputs for nitrogen and phosphorus are essential to satisfy the system mass balance. Diffuse loads for total nitrogen and total phosphorus were estimated solving the expanded inverse problem. Comparison of kinetic constants estimated simultaneously with diffuse sources to those estimated without diffuse loads, suggests that diffuse sources must be included in the optimization not only for its own estimation but also for adequate estimation of the model parameters. Application of optimization method to river water quality modeling is discussed in terms of the sensitivity coefficient matrix structure.

• Journal of Trauma and Injury
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• v.31 no.2
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• pp.51-57
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• 2018

Purpose: Patients with diffuse axonal injury experience various disabilities and have a high cost of treatment. Recent researches have revealed the underlying mechanism and pathogenesis of diffuse axonal injury. This study aimed to investigate the correlation between the radiological grading of diffuse axonal injury and the clinical outcomes of patients. Methods: From January 2011 to December 2016, among 294 patients with traumatic brain injury, 44 patients underwent magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). A total of 18 patients were enrolled in this study except for other cerebral injuries, such as cerebral hemorrhage or hypoxic brain damage. Demographic data, clinical data, and radiological findings were retrospectively reviewed. The grading of diffuse axonal injury was analyzed based on patient's MRI findings. Results: For the most severe diffuse axonal injury patients, prolonged intensive care unit (ICU) stay (p=0.035), hospital stay (p=0.012), and prolonged mechanical ventilation (p=0.030) were observed. However, there was no significant difference in healthcare-associated infection rates between MRI grading (p=0.123). Massive transfusion, initial hemoglobin and lactate levels, and MRI gradings were found to be highly significant in predicting the duration of unconsciousness. Conclusions: This study showed that patients with high grade diffuse axonal injury have prolonged ICU stays and significantly longer hospital stays. Deteriorated mental patients with high energy injuries should be evaluated to identify diffuse axonal injuries by using an appropriate imaging tool, such as MRI. It will be important to predict the duration of consciousness recovery using MRI scans.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
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• v.33 no.12A
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• pp.1251-1260
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• 2008

Diffuse wireless optical communication offers more robust optical links in terms of coverage and shadowing than line-of-sight links. However, traditional diffuse wireless infrared (IR) transceiver systems are more susceptible to multi-path distortion and great power decrease, which results in limiting high-speed performance. Multi-beam is an effective technique to compensate for multi-path distortion in a wireless infrared environment. The goal of this paper is to analyze the transmission characteristics by replacing traditional diffuse system (TDS) which contains single wide angle transmitter and single element receiver by system consisting of three-beam transmitter and non-imaging receiver (TNS) attached with compound parabolic concentrator (CPC). In the simulation, we use the recursive model developed by Barry and Kahn and build the scenario based on 10 different cases which have been listed in Table 1. Moreover, we also check the reliability of the TNS diffuse link channel by BER test on the basis of different receiver positions and room sizes. The simulation results not only show the basic transmission characteristics of TNS diffuse link, but also are references to design more efficient and reliable indoor infrared transmission systems.

• The Bulletin of The Korean Astronomical Society
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• v.38 no.1
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• pp.48.1-48.1
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• 2013

It is known that the diffuse $H{\alpha}$ emission outside of bright H II regions not only are very extended, but also can occur in distinct patches or filaments far from H II regions, and the line ratios of [S II] ${\lambda}6716/H{\alpha}$ and [N II] ${\lambda}6583/H{\alpha}$ observed far from bright H II regions are generally higher than those in the H II regions. These observations have been regarded as evidence against the dust-scattering origin of the diffuse $H{\alpha}$ emission (including other optical lines), and the effect of dust scattering has been neglected in studies on the diffuse $H{\alpha}$ emission. However, as opposed to the previous contention, the expected dust-scattered $H{\alpha}$ halos surrounding H II regions are, in fact, in good agreement with the observed $H{\alpha}$ morphology. We find that the observed line ratios of [S II]/$H{\alpha}$, [N II]/$H{\alpha}$, and He I ${\lambda}5876/H{\alpha}$ in the diffuse ISM accord well with the dust-scattered halos around H II regions, which are photoionized by late O- and/or early B-type stars. We also demonstrate that the $H{\alpha}$ absorption feature in the underlying continuum from the dust-scattered starlight ("diffuse galactic light") and unresolved stars is able to substantially increase the [S II]/$H{\alpha}$ and [N II]/$H{\alpha}$ line ratios in the diffuse ISM.