• BMB Reports
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• 제55권3호
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• pp.142-147
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• 2022

Human pluripotent stem cells (PSCs) have been utilized as a promising source in regenerative medicine. However, the risk of teratoma formation that comes with residual undifferentiated PSCs in differentiated cell populations is most concerning in the clinical use of PSC derivatives. Here, we report that a monoclonal antibody (mAb) targeting PSCs could distinguish undifferentiated PSCs, with potential teratoma-forming activity, from differentiated PSC progeny. A panel of hybridomas generated from mouse immunization with H9 human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) was screened for ESC-specific binding using flow cytometry. A novel mAb, K312, was selected considering its high stem cell-binding activity, and this mAb could bind to several human induced pluripotent stem cells and PSC lines. Cell-binding activity of K312 was markedly decreased as hESCs were differentiated into embryoid bodies or by retinoic acid treatment. In addition, a cell population negatively isolated from undifferentiated or differentiated H9 hESCs via K312 targeting showed a significantly reduced expression of pluripotency markers, including Oct4 and Nanog. Furthermore, K312-based depletion of pluripotent cells from differentiated PSC progeny completely prevented teratoma formation. Therefore, our findings suggest that K312 is utilizable in improving stem cell transplantation safety by specifically distinguishing residual undifferentiated PSCs.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• 제59권6호
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• pp.631-637
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• 2005

배 경 : 폐를 포함한 인체내 여러 조직에서 상피세포의 분화 및 증식에 중요한 역할을 담당한다고 알려진 Retinoid acid(RA)와 여러 유전자들에서 전사조절인자로 성장관여 유전자들의 활성화에 관여하며 세포증식 및 분화에 매우 중요한 세포내 조절인자인 cAMP response-element binding protein(CREB)의 폐암종에서의 발현정도를 알아보고 조직학적 차이에 따른 발현도를 비교분석하여 발암과정에서의 관여여부와 역할을 파악하고자 하였다. 방 법 : 중앙대학교 의과대학 부속병원에서 최근 10년간 시행한 기관지내시경 및 흉부외과적 적출을 통해 얻어진 폐암종 조직중 파라핀 포매의 보관상태가 양호한 120예(선암종 60예, 편평세포암종 60예)를 연구대상으로 면역조직화학적 염색을 시행하였다. 결 과 : RAR과 CREB 모두 편평세포암종에 비해 선암종에서 발현이 의의있게 높았고(P<0.05) 선암종에서는 조직학적으로 분화도가 좋을수록 높은 발현율을 보였다(P<0.01). 총 120예의 폐암종에서 RAR과 CREB의 발현을 비교하면 65.8%의 동시발현율을 나타냈다(P<0.05) 결 론 : RAR과 CREB은 폐조직에서 점액상피세포의 분화와 상관관계가 있으며 편평세포암종보다는 선암종의 발암과정에서 일부 의미있는 역할을 수행하리라 생각되었다. 또한 RAR과 CREB의 발현부위도 통계적으로 의미 있는 일치양상을 나타내어 이들은 서로 상호작용에 의해 발암과정 중 일부 역할을 수행하리라 생각된다.

• 로봇학회논문지
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• 제15권2호
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• pp.177-183
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• 2020

Collaborative Robot (Cobot) that can collaborate with humans by fusion with many advanced technologies among industrial robots in the industrial field are attracting attention. In this study, the engineers of Small and Medium Enterprises can directly participate in the cobot design, and ultimately, the possibility of deriving the shape design of the differentiated cobot was studied. The method applied to derive the shape design of differentiated cobot is 'Morphological Analysis'. First, the design elements of the form of cobots were derived as 'Link' and 'Joint'. In addition, by analyzing the image form of the Link and Joint of the existing cobot, a new form element of the Link and Joint was proposed. In order to quantitatively identify the most discriminating cobot shape design, FGI (Focus Group Interview) was conducted to derive image types of 4 Link and 3 Joint. Then, the most important 'Shape Combination' was carried out in morphological analysis, and 12 new cobot shape designs were drawn. Through this, the applicability of the morphological analysis method in the derivation of differentiated cobot shape design was examined.

• 대한전기학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한전기학회 2006년도 제37회 하계학술대회 논문집 D
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• pp.1828-1829
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• 2006

In this paper, we propose sliding mode congestion controller for differentiated-services network. Two important issue in differentiated-services architecture are bandwidth guarantee and fair sharing of unsubscribed bandwidth among TCP flows with and without bandwidth reservation. We use tight upper and lower bounds for various settings of differentiated-services parameters using the loss-bounded model. The Sliding mode congestion controller scheme is designed using nonlinear control theory based on a nonlinear model of the network that is generated using fluid flow consideration. The methodology used is general and independent of technology, as for example TCP/IP or ATM. The sliding mode congestion controller methodology has been applied to an TCP network. We use NS-2 simulation to demonstrate that the proposed control methodology achieves the desired behavior of the network, and possesses important attributes. as e.g, stable and robust behavior, high utilization with bounded delay and loss, together with good steady-state and transient behavior.

• Journal of Communications and Networks
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• 제3권4호
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• pp.324-333
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• 2001

The Differentiated Services (Diffserv) framework has been proposed by the IETF as a simple service structure that can provide different Quality of Service (QoS) to different classes of packets in IP networks. IP packets are classified into one of a limited number of service classes, and are marked in the packet header for easy classification and differentiated treatments when transferred within a Diffserv domain. The Diffserv framework defines simple and efficient QoS differentiation mechanisms for the Internet. However, the original Diffserv concept does not provide a complete QoS management framework. Since traffic flows in IP networks are unidirectional from one network point to the other and routing paths and traffic demand get dynamically altered, it is important to monitor end-to-end traffic status, as well as traffic status in a single node. This paper suggests a distributed QoS monitoring method that collects the statistical data of each service class in every Diffserv router and calculates edge-to-edge QoS of the aggregated IP flows by combining routing topology and traffic status. A format modeling of edge-to-edge Diffserv flows and algorithms for aggregating edge-to-edge QoS is presented. Also an SNMP-based QoS management prototype system for Diffserv networks is presented, which validates our QoS management framework and demonstrates useful service management functionality.

• 전자공학회논문지
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• 제49권11호
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• pp.205-210
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• 2012

본 논문에서는 RED 파라미터를 조정하여 차등화 서비스의 서비스 품질 관리의 성능을 고찰한다. 차등화 서비스는 CIR 혹은 PIR 같은 QoS 파라미터를 이용하여 특정 트래픽의 패킷들을 구분한다. 구분된 패킷을 표시하기 위해 코드 포인트가 사용되며 각각의 가상 큐에 입력된다. 코드 포인트에 따라서 각 가상 큐에는 다른 RED 파라미터 값들이 적용된다. 코드 포인트 값이 커질수록 엄격한 RED 파라미터 값들이 할당된다. RED 파라미터를 조정하여 서비스 품질을 관리 할 수 있음을 보이기 위해 본 논문은 간단한 2 색 표식을 갖는 타임 슬라이딩 윈도우의 정책 모델을 사용하였다. NS-2를 이용한 실험 결과, RED 파라미터를 조정하여 차등화 서비스의 서비스 품질이 효과적으로 관리됨을 확인하였다.

• 한국정보처리학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국정보처리학회 2002년도 추계학술발표논문집 (중)
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• pp.1591-1594
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• 2002

BE(Best-Effort)방식의 인터넷에서 제공되던 Text위주의 서비스 제공 방식이 Multimedia 위주의 서비스로 점차 바뀌어 감에 따라, 기존의 BE(Best-Effort)방식으로는 Multimedia QoS(Quality of Service)를 보장하기가 어려워졌다. 이에 IETF(Internet Engineering Task Force)에서는 변화하는 인터넷 환경에서 QoS 보장을 위해 Diffserv(Differentiated Service)방식을 제안하게 되었다. 본 논문에서는 Content를 제공하는 Linux Web Server에서 패킷을 클래스 분류기준(Classification Method)에 의해 분류하고 Scheduling Algorithm을 적용하여 DSCP(Differentiated Service CodePoint) 값을 Web Server 자체에서 결정하여 경계라우터(Edge Router)로 전송하는 방식을 취하였으며, 이를 토대로 하여 경계라우터의 Traffic 부하를 줄이고, 경계라우터의 코어라우터(Core Router)화를 통해 더욱더 향상된 Differentiated Service를 제공하는 것이 목적이다. 이를 본 논문에서는 ns2 를 통해 IETF에서 제안된 Diffserv방식과 본 논문에서 제안한 방식의 Diffserv 방식과 현재의 BE방식을 비교하여 어느 정도의 성능 향상이 있었는지 비교 분석하였다.

• 정보교육학회논문지
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• 제10권3호
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• pp.425-434
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• 2006

본 연구에서는 초등학교 아동들의 효과적인 ICT 소양교육을 위한 방안으로 정보통신기술교육 지침서에서 제시한 학습 내용을 분석하여 체계적인 수준별 교육과정으로 재구성하는 데 중점을 두고, 창의적 재량시간을 통하여 학생 개개인의 수준을 고려하여 자기 주도적으로 학습할 수 있는 수준별 웹 코스웨어를 설계 및 구현하였다. 웹 코스웨어의 학습내용은 '컴퓨터 이해하기', '마우스와 자판', '인터넷 여행'으로 구성하였으며, 각 학습내용에 대한 진단평가 및 형성평가를 제공하여 평가 결과에 따라 초급, 중급, 고급의 수준별 학습을 할 수 있도록 구성하였다. 본 웹 코스웨어는 ICT 소양교육을 위한 학습자 중심의 수준별 학습 활동을 체계적으로 제공함으로써 ICT 소양 능력 향상을 위한 자기 주도적 기초 학습 자료로 활용될 수 있을 것으로 기대된다.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• 제9권5호
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• pp.487-496
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• 2022

This study attempts to discover a differentiated service strategy for the hotpot restaurant industry from the perspective of Chinese Generation Z customers, as well as to further explore the inner needs of Chinese Generation Z to make practical implications for discovering the method of gaining their satisfaction and loyalty. This paper employs questionnaires to collect analytical data and through a case study to produce company strategies. Smith's Marketing Ethics Sequential System Model (SMESSM) is introduced in this paper for the decision of whether the case study company Haidilao Hot Pot should make a new strategy on service based on Generation Z's consuming behavior. The findings of this study demonstrate that hotpot restaurant must differentiate their services for Generation Z from older generation customers to gain a sustainable development of the hotpot business. Proper differentiated service will not only improve Generation Z's dining experience but also reduce costs. This paper is the first to discuss differentiated service strategy in the hotpot restaurant business from the perspective of Generation Z customers. And a Chinese experience of SMESSM for practical use is introduced in this paper, which enriches the relevant implications for future research on business strategy.

• 대한두경부종양학회지
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• 제20권1호
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• pp.7-12
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• 2004

Background and Objectives: Brain metastasis from well-differentiated thyroid carcinoma is uncommon, and the treatment remains controversial. In this study, we analyzed cases of brain metastasis from well differentiated thyroid carcinoma to determine optimal treatment. Material and Methods: From March 1986 to May 2003, we experienced 13 cases of brain metastases from well-differentiated thyroid carcinomas. There were 6 men and 7 women with a mean age of 62.3 years. The time interval detecting the brain metastasis, treatment methods, outcomes, and the prognostic factors were analyzed. Results: In 11 patients, brain metastasis was found at a mean of 96 months after thyroid surgery (range, 1-204months). In 1 patient, brain metastasis was found simultaneously with the thyroid cancer. In the remaining one, brain metastasis was presented as the first sign. Treatment included gamma knife therapy in 2, external radiation therapy (ExRT) in 2, resection and ExRT in 2, gamma knife therapy and ExRT in 2 and intracranial holmium injection in 1. Three patients received no treatment. The mean survival was 20.5months (1-119 months). Only 2 patients with early detection remained alive after treatment (23months and 119months). The age, sex, primary tumor size, combined organs of distant metastasis and treatment methods did not affect the prognosis. There were noticeable symptomatic improvements in patients who received any kind of treatment for brain metastasis. Conclusion: Early detection and treatment of brain metastasis appears to bring symptomatic relief and improve survival. Therefore, early screening for brain metastasis is recommended for patients with symptoms. However, further study is needed to determine the optimal method of treatment.