• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• v.11 no.5
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• pp.2660-2679
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• 2017

Crypton is a SP-network block cipher that attracts much attention because of its excellent performance on hardware. Based on Crypton, mCrypton is designed as a lightweight block cipher suitable for Internet of Things (IoT) and Radio Frequency Identification (RFID). The security of Crypton and mCrypton under meet-in-the-middle attack is analyzed in this paper. By analyzing the differential properties of cell permutation, several differential characteristics are introduced to construct generalized ${\delta}-sets$. With the usage of a generalized ${\delta}-set$ and differential enumeration technique, a 6-round meet-in-the-middle distinguisher is proposed to give the first meet-in-the-middle attack on 9-round Crypton-192 and some improvements on the cryptanalysis of 10-round Crypton-256 are given. Combined with the properties of nibble permutation and substitution, an improved meet-in-the-middle attack on 8-round mCrypton is proposed and the first complete attack on 9-round mCrypton-96 is proposed.

• Korea journal of population studies
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• v.31 no.2
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• pp.101-132
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• 2008

This paper discusses transformation of the US population census since 1990 and its future prospects by mentioning the 2000 census experience and the 2010 census plans. First, it examines the recommendations written for the 2000 census by the Committee on National Statistics, National Research Council, such as introduction of statistical estimation, response rate improvement, long form improvement, adjustment in differential undercount by race/ethnicity, alternative census methods, collection of small-area statistics in non-census years, and census frame enhancement, and describes how the US Supreme Court decision of 1998 led the Census Bureau to fail in conducting the US version of One Number Census which uses statistical estimation by matching actual enumerations from the Census main survey and post-enumeration survey. Second, it examines one key element of the 2010 U. S. census, say, the separation of long form from short form and describes the main features of American Community Survey, a rolling census which replaces long-form component of the traditional US "Decennial Census" Another element is MAF/TIGER Enhancement Program which aims to improve enumeration accuracy in the traditional short-form census and help the Census Bureau introduce a mobile computer system as part of high-tech census operation. In this paper, it is pointed out that the separation of long form from short form is not an accidental one which results from the US Supreme Court decision, but the Census Bureau at this time in 2008 worries about the accuracy of enumeration because it has failed to develop a mobile computer system and will have to canvass 115 million households by paper and pencil by hiring 600 thousand temporary census workers.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.30-35
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• 1961

Inasmuch as a great variety of methods for the leukocyte differential counting have been described, it may be expected that actual counts obtained considerably vary according with the particular methods applied to the enumeration of differentiated leukocyes. An attempt, therefore, was undertaken to compare the values measured by five authentic methods commonly in use with those obtained by thirteen methods devised by the author. The results seemed to indicate that relatively reliable method is to count, end to end, all leucocytes on fields looted on the central horizontal axis of the film and two adjacent lines parallel to the central line and quartering the film.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.147-152
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• 1975

Although considerable research has been done on the blood picture of the horse, hot-blooded and cold-blooded, little work has been made of the blood picture of the army pack horse, Jeju horse. The object of the present investigation was to make good this deficiency, and to suggest standard for the blood picture of army pack horses kept under the regular military training and the ideal feeding in the heart of a mountain. Blood samples were drawn from the jugular vein through a 15-gauge bleeding needle from 41 males and 28 females, aging 3 to 9 years old. It was taken between seven and nine o'clock in the morning. Animals were handled as quietly as possible to avoid any excitation. No restraint other than a halter was used. Enumeration of erythrocyte, total and differential leukocyte count, determination of hemoglobin in blood, and the value of packed cell volume were male in the usual manner, and erythrocytic constant was calculated by the method of Wintrobe. Erythrocyte count was $7.83{\pm}0.20(4.95{\sim}11.05){\times}10^6/mm^3$(SE). This value was much lower than hot-horses, but slightly higer than the values of cold-horse reported from foreign country. Concentration of hemoglobin in blood was $13.0{\pm}0.33(9.5{\sim}17.8)g/100ml$. This value was much higher than that of cold-horses observed by the other authors, approaching to the values of hot-horses. Packed cell volume was $32.1{\pm}0.92(22{\sim}42)ml/100ml$. This vague was a little higher than that of the other cold-horses. Mean corpuscular volume was $41.5{\pm}1.20(26.6{\sim}59.3){\mu}m^3$. This value matched so well with the other results recorded by various investigators. Mean corpuscular hemoglobin and mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration were $16.9{\pm}0.43(12.3{\sim}25)$ pg and $41.0{\pm}0.45(29.1{\sim}51.1)g/100ml$, respectively. These values were significantly higher than the values found by the other investigations. Total leukocyte enumeration was $10.5{\pm}0.41(5.6{\sim}17.9){\times}10^3/mm^3$, being considered as normal. And differential leukocyte count of neutrophil was $44.5{\pm}2.23(15{\sim}76)%$, $5,527{\pm}234(2,231{\sim}9,144)/mm^3$, of lymphocyte $50.5{\pm}1.19(19{\sim}77)%$, $4,307{\pm}125(1,456{\sim}11,098)/mm^3$, of monocytel (0~4)%, $105(0{\sim}352)/mm^3$, of eosiophil 3.2(0~14)%, $340(0{\sim}1,232)/mm^3$ and of basophil 0.25(0~3)%, $23(0{\sim}236)/mm^3$. The percentage of the differential count obtained from the present work showed a good agreement with the results of various authors. Of the horses examined monocyte was found from 42 horses, eosinophil from 62 horses and basophil from 10 horses. No significant differences recognized between male and female horses, and the effect of age was not observed between three to nine years old. Judging from the blood picture of the present investigation, it could be stated that the army pack horses on training were kept better than the average farming conditions.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.36 no.3
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• pp.191-196
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• 1993

This method using the synthesis substrate of $5-bromo-4-chloro-3-indolyl-{\alpha}-galactoside\;(X-{\alpha}-Gal)$ was examined for the differential enumeration of Bifidobacteria and lactic acid-producing bacteria. Bifidobacteria possess a high level of ${\alpha}-galactosidase$ activity. Bifidobacterium longum KCTC 3215 exhibited the highest ${\alpha}-galactosidase$ specific activity (8.57 units/mg protein). Determination of ${\alpha}-galactosidase$ activity using the PNPG procedure showed that Lactobacillus, Streptococcus, Pediococcus, and Leuconostoc strain had lower ${\alpha}-galactosidase$ activity as compared to Bifidobacteria. The $X-{\alpha}-Gal$ based medium is useful to identify Bifidobacteria among lactic acid-producing bacteria since the enzyme action of ${\alpha}-galactosidase$ spills $X-{\alpha}-Gal$ substrate and releases indol which impacts a blue color to Bifidobacterial colonies on agar plates. All strains of Bifidobacteria appeared as blue colonies on MRS agar medium supplemented with $100\;{\mu}M\;X-{\alpha}-Gal$ while colonies of other lactic acid-producing bacteria appeared white or light blue.

• Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• v.43 no.1
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• pp.22-30
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• 2019

Background: Piton du Milieu (PdM) impounding reservoir is suspected to be eutrophic based on the elevated level of orthophosphate and nitrate. Water supplies from three adjacent rivers are primarily thought to contribute to the nutrient enrichment of the reservoir. It is also suspected that there is leaching of orthophosphate, nitrate and organic matter into the rivers during rainfall events and also as a result of anthropogenic activities within the catchment area. The aim of this study was to ascertain the impact of nutrient loading on the water quality of PdM water and on the population of freshwater microalgae in the reservoir. The enumeration and identification of algae from PdM were performed by differential interference contrast microscopy. Dissolved oxygen (DO) and pH were determined by electrometric methods, whereas nutrient levels, silica and total organic carbon (TOC) were determined by instrumentation techniques. Results: Annual mean orthophosphate, nitrate and total organic carbon input from the three feeders within the catchment area of PdM reached levels as high as 0.09 mg/L, 0.4 mg/L and 2.62 ppm respectively. Over a 12-month period, mean TOC concentration in the reservoir was 2.32 ppm while the mean algal cell count was 4601 cells/mL. The dominant algal species identified were Oscillatoria, Cyclotella, Navicula and Cosmarium. Conclusion: This study highlights the trophic state of the reservoir water and clearly points to the need for constant monitoring in order to avoid the occurrence of an impending harmful algal bloom.