• Journal of Korea Game Society
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• v.17 no.5
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• pp.19-26
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• 2017

A game player experiences gameplay that game designer sets in play space according to goal of a game. Player's experiential behaviors are affected by the space structure of game level and its arrangements. Therefore, it is an important process to understand and analyze the space structure of game level at the initial stage of game designing. In this paper, we was aimed to analyze the space structure and components of FPS game level based on space theory. To attain the objective, observation was carried out on a total of 204 levels in 3 different kinds of FPS games and the difference in the distribution of spatial composition factors by the goal of a game level was identified. As a result of the analysis, experiential behaviors in the play space show a clear difference according to the goal of the game level and the space structure that derives this is different.

• Journal of Computing Science and Engineering
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• v.9 no.4
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• pp.204-213
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• 2015

Under the conditional independence assumption among local features, the Naive Bayes Nearest Neighbor (NBNN) classifier has been recently proposed and performs classification without any training or quantization phases. While the original NBNN shows high classification accuracy without adopting an explicit training phase, the conditional independence among local features is against the compositionality of objects indicating that different, but related parts of an object appear together. As a result, the assumption of the conditional independence weakens the accuracy of classification techniques based on NBNN. In this work, we look into this issue, and propose a novel Bayesian network for an NBNN based classification to consider the conditional dependence among features. To achieve our goal, we extract a high-level feature and its corresponding, multiple low-level features for each image patch. We then represent them based on a simple, two-level layered Bayesian network, and design its classification function considering our Bayesian network. To achieve low memory requirement and fast query-time performance, we further optimize our representation and classification function, named relation-based Bayesian network, by considering and representing the relationship between a high-level feature and its low-level features into a compact relation vector, whose dimensionality is the same as the number of low-level features, e.g., four elements in our tests. We have demonstrated the benefits of our method over the original NBNN and its recent improvement, and local NBNN in two different benchmarks. Our method shows improved accuracy, up to 27% against the tested methods. This high accuracy is mainly due to consideration of the conditional dependences between high-level and its corresponding low-level features.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.39 no.8
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• pp.773-785
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• 2006

Vitamin E in the body system plays an important role in preventing chronic diseases by decreasing the oxidative stress by free-radicals. However, there are not enough researches on analyzing the primary factors affecting vitamin E levels in the blood in Korean adults. Therefore, the purpose of this research was to examine blood tocopherol levels and the primary factors affecting the status. A complete lifestyle survey was performed on 314 Korean adult men and surveyed their smoking, drinking and exercising habits. The average plasma level of ${\alpha}-\;and\;{\gamma}-tocopherol$ showed similar mutual relations with plasma total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), or low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) levels (p<0.001). Plasma ${\alpha}-tocopherol$ level of the subjects did not show any difference as smoking, drinking and exercising habits changed. However, ${\gamma}-tocopherol$ per TG showed much lower figure in smokers than non smokers (p < 0.05). Amongst diet factors, plasma ${\alpha}-tocopherol$ level showed negative correlations with Vitamin E intake, while ${\gamma}-tocopherol$ level showed positive correlations with Vitamin E intake. Erythrocyte superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity and plasma tocopherol showed negative correlations, and catalase activity and plasma ${\alpha}-tocopherol$ showed positive correlationship. The level of cell DNA damage of Iymphocyte and plasma ${\alpha}-\;or\;{\gamma}-tocopherol$ showed negative correlations. As a result of this research, the factors that affect Korean adult men's plasma ${\alpha}-tocopherol$ level are plasma TG, LDL-C and cell DNA damage in Iymphocyte, while the factors that affect ${\gamma}-tocopherol$ level are plasma TG, LDL-C and vitamin E intake based on multiple regression analysis. These findings implies that the level of different types of tocopherol depends on slightly different factors. A further research is needed on the factors involved in the differentiation of the types of tocopherol.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.21-33
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• 1984

The purpose of this study was to define the relationship between the leadership style of head nurses and the burnout level of nurses by taking into consideration the factors which influence the level of burnout and which show how burnout varies according to the leadership style of lead nurses. The subjects of the survey were 355 ward nurses and their 48 head nurses working in five university hospitals in Seoul. The nurses were surveyed by means of a questionnaire from Sept. 22 though Sept. 29, 1983. The Leadership Scale devised by Fleishman, and modified by Lee, and the Burnout Scale developed by Pines et al, and adapted to the Korean situation by Peek, were used as a basis of ;his survey This researcher subjected the questionnaire to a pre-test and to an internal reliability consistency test through item analysis. For the purpose of analysis of the data, the general characteristics were set at Mean and the general characteristics of head nurses in relation to the level of burnout of nurses was analysed by the Pearson Correlation Coefficient. The relation between head nurses' general characteristics 3nd leadership style, the relation between nurses' general characteristics and level of burnout and the level of burnout of nurses according to the different style of leadership of head nurses were analysed by ANOVA. A summary of the results of the study is as follows. 1. Hypothesis:“That the burnout level of the nurse will be different according to the leadership style of the head nurse”was supported. 2. Analysis of the relationship between the head nurse's general characteristics and the leadership style of the head nurse showed that the leadership style of the head nurse was not related to age and experience as head nurse. 3. Analysis of the relationship of nurses' burnout levels to general characteristics of nurses showed statistically significant differences in burnout levels according to working departments, expected working period and reasons for selecting nursing as a profession. Also, the burnout level of nurses was negatively related to the head nurse's age and experience as a head nurse.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.14 no.10
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• pp.810-817
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• 2014

The purpose of this study was to analyze the relationship between practice level and obstacle factors for national childcare curriculum of infant teachers. The subjects were 204 infant teachers who are working in day care centers in Jeonnam. A questionnaire was made by the researcher on the basis of relevant materials. The data were collected from May 6 to June 13. The data were analyzed by statistical methods such as frequency, descriptive, ANOVA and Pearson-correlation with the SPSS Windows 18.0 program. The results are as follows: First, practice level for national childcare curriculum of infant teachers was relatively high level. There were no significantly different practice level of national childcare curriculum according to teacher's career, teacher's academic degree and teacher's workplace type. Second, obstacle factors for national childcare curriculum of infant teachers was normal level. There were no significantly different obstacle factors of national childcare curriculum according to teacher's career, teacher's academic degree and teacher's workplace type. There were negative correlation between practice level and obstacle factors for national childcare curriculum of infant teacher's.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• v.40 no.5
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• pp.244-248
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• 2010

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to radiographically evaluate marginal bony changes in relation to different vertical positions of dental implants. Methods: Two hundred implants placed in 107 patients were examined. The implants were classified by the vertical positions of the fixture-abutment connection (microgap): 'bone level,' 'above bone level,' or 'below bone level.' Marginal bone levels were examined in the radiographs taken immediately after fixture insertion, immediately after second-stage surgery, 6 months after prosthesis insertion, and 1 year after prosthesis insertion. Radiographic evaluation was carried out by measuring the distance between the microgap and the most coronal bone-to-implant contact (BIC). Results: Immediately after fixture insertion, the distance between the microgap and most coronal BIC was $0.06{\pm}0.68\;mm$; at second surgery, $0.43{\pm}0.83\;mm$; 6 months after loading, $1.36{\pm}0.56\;mm$; and 1 year after loading, $1.53{\pm}0.51\;mm$ ($mean{\pm}SD$). All bony changes were statistically significant but the difference between the second surgery and the 6-month loading was greater than between other periods. In the 'below bone level' group, the marginal bony change between fixture insertion and 1 year after loading was about 2.25 mm, and in the 'bone level' group, 1.47 mm, and in 'above bone level' group, 0.89 mm. Therefore, the marginal bony change was smaller than other groups in the 'above bone level' group and larger than other groups in the 'below bone level' group. Conclusions: Our results demonstrated that marginal bony changes occur during the early phase of healing after implant placement. These changes are dependent on the vertical positions of implants.

• Journal of Sericultural and Entomological Science
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.59-62
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• 1980

The effect of dietary white ginseng on growth of silkworm larva was studied with several young and grown silkworm larvae divided into four groups and fed ad basal artificial diet containing different levels of ginseng extract. The four levels of ginseng extract added to basal artificial diet were: 0 (control), 46.6, 139.9 and 279.8 mg per g of dry diet. The results obtained were as follows: 1. The body weight of silkworm larvae fed ad basal artificial diet containing different levels of ginseng extract was increased in 46.6mg ginseng extract level, 139.9mg ginseng extract level and 279.8mg ginseng extract level order. The body weight was greatly increased in 46.6mg ginseng extract level than in control. It is, therefore. considered that a little white ginseng was effective for larval growth in silkworm rearing with artificial diet. 2. The blood sugar content of silkworm larvae fed on an artificial diet containing several levels of ginseng extract was remarkably decreased as compared wilt that of the control silkworm larvae.

• Proceedings of the KOSOMBE Conference
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• v.1997 no.05
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• pp.426-429
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• 1997

This paper describes the relationship among physiological, behavioral signal, and subjective evaluation depending on arousal level. Nz and reaction time hall similar pattern with KSS level, but eyeblink rate was different from these two parameters. Eyeblink rate increased slowly from KSS level 1 to 5, and had high increasing rate at KSS 7. But it showed steep descent at KSS level 9. From the result of reaction time test, since human performance was decreased rapidly above the KSS level 5, it is desirable to give a subject some stimulus such as sound or aroma to rise arousal level above the KSS level 3.

• The Korean Journal of Health Service Management
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.1-13
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• 2014

The purpose of this study is to investigate the perception of quality property of hospital information system, the quality level, and its effects. The participants were 730 employees who are using hospital information system in hospitals. In order to analyze the relationship, the quality property regulates the consideration of user's taste and the state of user's favor for the design of hospital information system, and the quality level regulates user's convenience and properness. The main results from this study can be summarized as follows, First, the perception of quality property for hospital information system showed few significance level between occupation, but revealed significance level between position. The evaluation of quality level showed significance level depending on the occupation and position. Second, quality property which generally affects to the quality level of the hospital information system were different between types of occupation and quality factor.

• Asian Journal of Innovation and Policy
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.25-49
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• 2014

We wanted to show the different group dynamics of factors for success and failure cases for technology commercialization in small technology-based firms. Existing studies are based on product level, project level, division level or firm level. We deal with technology level, and at small-technology-based firms. This is a longitudinal case study based on 8 cases from Korea. Our study on technology level is a first trial in success and failure studies unlike all existing studies. As a first step, we introduced new categories and factors such as technology attributes and CEO reflecting data, and especially a new concept of launch readiness level. Finally, we adopted correspondence analysis to show the group dynamics. The results are as follows; Technology factors are the most important factors. Second, resource-based factors are more critical in failure cases than success cases and technology factors are more critical to success.