• Journal of the Korean housing association
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• v.3 no.2
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• pp.43-50
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• 1992

In the course of modernization coupled with urbanization, children's rooms of Korean urban housing has emerged as a symbol of evolution of people's dwelling standards. At the same time. family member's privacy-oriented needs in the home environment have shown its usefulness in the quality of life to some extent. The authors made an analysis of the parents' privacy behavior in relation to the children's rooms, through 1)parents' access rule, and 2)their intervention including goods as a measure. The results are as following: 1)Between knocking behavior a]eng wi th call ins by names of their children (or clearing throat) and non-knocking behavior. there proved to be difference in the parents' attitudes towards access to the children's rooms. The difference is made mainly by the children's age, sex and the exclusiveness of children's rooms. 2)The degree of intervention within children's roms by peopel and goods is observde to be different significantly according to children's age, but not significantly to children's sex and exclusiveness of children's rooms.

• Journal of the Ergonomics Society of Korea
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.71-76
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• 2006

The goal of this research is to analyze the Korean anthropometric data collected through Project "Size Korea" by ATS from 2003 to 2004, to extract the characteristics for each age and sex group, and to establish an extensive reference for designers of related products. The result shows that the characteristics of Korean anthropometric data have the different ratio and distribution among mutually related factors for different age and sex. Especially, the difference between two groups, those in their twenties and those in their fifties and above, are huge, indicating that there are drastic changes in the data for recent decades. The result of this research can be used for the design of furniture, clothes and workplace, where there are different target ranges for specific age and sex.

• The korean journal of orthodontics
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.67-84
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• 1979

The author measured the right and left craniofacial skeleton using posteroanterior cephalography of 124 male and 97 female subjects of ages ranging 2-6 years, 7-13 years and adult group on Korean. Statstical parameters were calculated by computer from the data. The results of the study were as follows. 1. In the male and female group of deciduous dentition, the right side measurements were slightly greater than the left side measurements, and generally male measurements were greater than female measurements. 2. In the both sex group of mixed dentition, the right side measurements were greater than the left side measurements, and in comparision of sex, the female recognized more growth, and development than male, especially on the cranial base, lateral maxilla, lower maxilla and dental region. 3. In the permanent dentition group, regardless of sex, the right side measurements were greater than the left side measurements, and in the sex difference, male was conspicuously greater than female on both sides measurements. 4. In the permanent dentition group, the asymmetry of the face was striking than deciduous dentition and mixed dentition group.

• Imaging Science in Dentistry
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• v.51 no.2
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• pp.167-174
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• 2021

Purpose: Sex determination can be done by morphological analysis of different parts of the body. The mastoid region, with its anatomical location at the skull base, is ideal for sex identification. Statistical shape analysis provides a simultaneous comparison of geometric information on different shapes in terms of size and shape features. This study aimed to investigate the geometric morphometry of the inter-mastoid triangle as a tool for sex determination in the Iranian population. Materials and Methods: The coordinates of 5 landmarks on the mastoid process on the 80 cone-beam computed tomographic images(from individuals aged 17-70 years, 52.5% female) were registered and digitalized. The Cartesian x-y coordinates were acquired for all landmarks, and the shape information was extracted from the principal component scores of generalized Procrustes fit. The t-test was used to compare centroid size. Cross-validated discriminant analysis was used for sex determination. The significance level for all tests was set at 0.05. Results: There was a significant difference in the mastoid size and shape between males and females(P<0.05). The first 2 components of the Procrustes shape coordinates explained 91.3% of the shape variation between the sexes. The accuracy of the discriminant model for sex determination was 88.8%. Conclusion: The application of morphometric geometric techniques will significantly impact forensic studies by providing a comprehensive analysis of differences in biological forms. The results demonstrated that statistical shape analysis can be used as a powerful tool for sex determination based on a morphometric analysis of the inter-mastoid triangle.

• Journal of the Korea Fashion and Costume Design Association
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.43-59
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• 2012

The purpose of this study was to compare knitwear design preferences and purchase behaviors of university students by sex. The subjects were 493 university students in Daejeon and Gongju provinces. The research method was a survey and measurement instruments were 16 stimuli which were manipulated of knitwear shape and self-administrated questionnaire (knitwear design preference items, knitwear favorite image items, purchase behavior items and subject' demographic attributions). Data were analyzed by factor analysis, frequency analysis, t-test, Cronbach' ${\alpha}$ using SPSS program. The results of the study were as follows. First, as for pullover designs according to pullover shape factors, male preferred classic design with normal round neck, set-in sleeves and normal length, whereas female preferred various designs with normal round, normal V or deep V neck, set-in sleeves and normal or long length. Second, there was significant difference by sex in knitwear patterns and materials. Male preferred geometric patterns and 100% cotton, whereas female preferred natural patterns and blended cotton. Third, 4 factors were emerged on knitwear favorite images(casual image, modem classic image, active image and characteristic image). Especially, there was significant difference by sex in active image. Male preferred active image, whereas female did not. Fourth, as for knitwear purchases, male considered fitting as important purchase criteria, whereas female considered design or style. Male used department stores for purchasing, whereas female used Bosejeom for independent fashion. Male preferred high quality knitwear to female.

• Research in Community and Public Health Nursing
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.30-52
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• 1994

The purpose of this study is to look into the health behavior and utilization of health service, and the factors which have influence on both of them. In order to research them, it visited home and interviewed selecting randomly 300 subjects who can understand the purpose of this study, want to participate and are possible to interview. Questionnaries survey was administered during the period from April.6 to May.12. 1993. Collected materials analysis were dealt with a method of SPSS PC Program and used percentage. Mean, SD. t-test, $X^2-test$, Pearson's Correlation Coefficient, Multiple Regression and One-way ANOVA for hypothesis verification. The results of this study are as follows. 1. The hypothesis is that there will be a significant difference in performance degree of health behavior by general characteristics(sex, age, educational background, occupation, religion) of subjects. According to the results, it turned out that sex(P=.035), educational background(P=.0432), and occupation(P=.440) appeared to be a significant difference as P<.05. 2. The hypothesis that the more interesting degree on health of subjects have, the better they performance for health behavior was supported (r=.2552, P<.001). 3. The hypothesis that the healthier subjects are, the better they performance for health behavior was supported(r=.5262, P<.001). The highest correlation was seen between the healthier subjects and health behavior. According to the results of multiple regression analysis with interesting degree on health and healthier subjects as dependent variables, it turned out that R2 was 35% and had a significant difference. 4. The hypothesis is that there will be a difference in the utilization of health service by general characteristics(sex, age, educational background, occupation, religion). According to. the results, it showed that educational background (dental clinic), religion(pharmacy) had an influence on the frequency of utilization of facilities (P<.05).

• Korean Journal of Animal Reproduction
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.89-99
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• 1996

The purpose of this study was to develop the diagnosis techniques for sex determination of rabbit embryos at preimplantation stage. To detect male specific sequences using polymerase chain reaction, two genes functional on sex determination including SRY and ZFX/Y genes were targeted using multiple oligonucleotide primer sets. Three of them for conserved SRY gene were used for appropriate amplification pattern, and then only one primer set #3 proved to be most efficient, showing male-specific strong signal ofamplified sequences. Using this male specific bandsfrom human, cattle, pig and mouse, the gender of rabbit was determined. As an another system for sex determination system, amplified 910bp fragment from ZFX/Y was digested with several restriction endonuclease and showed gender specific restriction fragments only by Hinf I. Using two different system for sex identification of rabbit in this study, blind tests for 17 samples was conducted and showed identical results from two different methods. And then, amplification limit of PCR reaction for template DNA was estimated using various amounts of DNA for both SRY and ZFX/Y systems, resulted as 20pg and 800pg, respectively. With this results, test for gender identification of rabbit embryos were performed using SRY derived amplification system. From total 22 embryos selected for its developmental state 18 were identified as male embryos, showing significant difference from expected sex ratio 1:1. This biased sex ratio was interpreted as to have been caused by the fact, reported by the fact, reported by several researchers, that male embryos develop more rapidly and are more resistant against the in vitro manipulation than female embryos.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• v.24 no.3
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• pp.19-28
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• 2007

Objectives : This study was conducted in order to analyze the admission patients of facial nerve paralysis by Sasang constitution. Methods: A clinical study was done on 61 admission patients who were diagnosed and treated as facial nerve paralysis (Bell's palsy) from September, 2005 to May 2006 at the Dept. of Acupuncture and Moxibution, Chung-ju Hospital, college of Daejeon Oriental Medicine. We classified 61 patients according to Sasang constitution by QSCC II, attack side, sex, cause factor, concomitant symptom and Yanagihara' s score at the admission and discharge, and analyzed the improvement of Yanagihara's score between Sasang constitution groups. Results: 1. By sex, the ratio of Taeumin was higher than that of Soyangin in female. 2. By attack side, there is no significant difference between constitution groups In concomitant symptoms and cause factors. 3. By improvement of Yanagihara's scores between admission and discharge, the improvement score in Soyangin was a little bit higher than that in Soeumin, but there is no significant difference. Conclusion : The results suggest that there is no significant difference in all aspects except sex in Sasang constitution. But it is considered that we need to keep on studying afterwards because we had limits in getting enough patients.

• The Journal of Churna Manual Medicine for Spine and Nerves
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.37-48
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• 2008

Objective : In treatment of lumbar spine herniation of nucleus pulpous, the different result in accordance with difference of sex, age, medical history, part, or type. Methods : After 49 patients who were diagnosed as HNP of L-spine were grouped by sex, age, medical history, part, or type, they were compared and analyzed on the basis of difference between measuring VAS and ODI as they were hospitalized and as they were discharged. Results : 1. In terms of differences by gender, males' average degree of VAS improvement was 63.92 and females' average degree of VAS improvement was 59.8. Also, Males' average ODI improvement index was 12.36 and females' average ODI improvement index was 12.5. 2. In terms of differences by age, Teens recorded highest degree of VAS improvement and ODI improvement index. 3. In terms of differences by medical history, Most acute or acute patients showed higher degree of VAS improvement and ODI improvement index than subacute or chronic patients. 4. There were no significant distinguishing markscomparing between one diseased part and other. 5. As the research that focused on different type, Extrusion type had better improvement by medical treatment than Protrusion type. Conclusion : This research drew the result as above, but recognizable statistical relation could not be found in the result. Therefore there needs much sustainable research to deduce meaningful result.

• Journal of Fashion Business
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.26-36
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• 2003

The purpose of this study is to examine the concept of modern consumer society and to analyze how the meaning of postmodern-feminism is consumed into what image of preference in fashion. The function of modern society has changed into the system which is centered around consumption from the one that emphasizes labor and production of mass consumption age by mass production. In this consumer society, consumption means just not to waste of production but to consume the commodity sign reflected on the desire of a moderner. In other words, it means what is consumed will be the meaning, preference, symbol, and image mood not goods itself with physical feature. Existing feminism has affected by postmodernism. Due to that, postmodern-feminism has developed, taking to pieces the paternal argument since the late 1960s. It has tried to give up hope this idea, regarding sex distinction as a socially organized category contrary to women's identity of biological aspect suppressed in the paternal system of value. Especially it has demanded only one type on sex should be translated into a distinctive quality, multiple meaning, and sex. Accordingly in modern fashion, this aspect is expressed like the followings : distinction into women's image evaded fixation, multiple meaning into image of androgyny, multiple sex into that of mixture. And this is used as the image of symbolic goods, also the purpose of brand difference.