• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Culture
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• v.28 no.5
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• pp.502-511
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• 2013

This study evaluated the composition two popular species of edible bamboo shoots in Korea (Phyllostachyspubescens and Sinoarundinarianigra) and the effect of their abundant dietary fiber on intestinal microorganisms in healthy young women. The ranges of total moisture, crude protein, crude lipid, crude ash, and dietary fiber content were 87.190.8, 2.943.5, 0.150.39, 0.411.05, and 4.206.15% (wet weight basis), respectively. Moisture and crude ash content increased after heat treatment; however, crude protein, crude lipid, and dietary fiber content were reduced after heating. The major minerals found in bamboo shoots were potassium, phosphorous, sulfur, magnesium, and calcium. In addition, glucose and fructose were abundant free sugars, while asparagine and tyrosine were the most abundant free amino acids. Approximately 70% of the total free fatty acids found in bamboo shoots were linoleic acid and linolenic acid. The ascorbic acid content was 6.60~17.56 mg/100 g (wet weight basis), and one phenolic compound, p-hydroxy benzoic acid, was 0.10.2% (wet weight basis) and detected by HPLC analysis. The intake of bamboo shoots for seven days significantly increased viable cell counts of Lactobacillus spp. and reduced viable cell counts of Bacteriodes spp. in feces (p<0.05). In our data, bamboo shoots may be useful in the food industry as high dietary fiber ingredients.

• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.79-83
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• 2007

The effects of young radish (YR, yeolmu in Korean) on the induction of apoptosis were examined in AGS human gastric adenocarcinoma cells. The young radish kimchi (YRK) were made of YR cultivated in the soil without (Control YR kimchi: C-YRK) and with 1,818 g/m$^{3}$ sulfur (Sulfur YR kimchi: S-YRK), respectively. Methanol extracts from S-YRK exhibited higher inhibitory effect on the growth of AGS human gastric adenocarcinoma cells in a time dependent-manner compared to C-YRK at the same concentration. 4,6-diamidino-2-phenylindole (DAPI) staining showed that S-YRK induced apoptosis accompanied by the increased Bax but decreased Bcl-2 in mRNA expression. Moreover, S-YRK decreased the levels of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) mRNA expressions. The results suggested that S-YRK cultivated in the presence of sulfur elicited stronger anticancer activity than C-YRK in vitro. Dietary intakes of S-YRK may be beneficial to decrease the risk of cancer.

• Food Science of Animal Resources
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• v.35 no.5
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• pp.660-668
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• 2015

This study was performed to investigate the chemical composition, mineral status, oxidative stability, and texture attributes of dry-cured ham from pigs fed processed sulfur (S, 1 g/kg feed), and from those fed a basal diet (CON), during the period from weaning to slaughter (174 d). Total collagen content and soluble collagen of the S group was significantly higher than that of the control group (p<0.05). The pH of the S group was significantly higher than that of the control group, whereas the S group had a lower expressible drip compared to the control group. The S group also showed the lower lightness compared to the control group (p<0.05). In regard to the mineral status, the S group had significantly lower Fe²⁺ and Ca²⁺ content than the control group (p<0.05), whereas the proteolysis index of the S group was significantly increased compared to the control group (p<0.05). The feeding of processed sulfur to pigs led to increased oxidative stability, related to lipids and pigments, in the dry-cured ham (p<0.05). Compared to the dry-cured ham from the control group, that from the S group exhibited lower springiness and gumminess; these results suggest that feeding processed sulfur to pigs can improve the quality of the texture and enhance the oxidative stability of dry-cured ham.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.36 no.1
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• pp.27-31
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• 2007

Among oriental medicine, sulfur is known to generate heat in the human body. Since body warming reaction results in the consumption of energy source, the medicines containing sulfur could help in the weight loss of laboratory rats. This study was designed to determine the possible weight loss effects of Hangbisan, sulfur based oriental medicine, on ob/ob mice. The obese mice were fed with standard diet containing 10% (w/w) Hangbisan or 10% (w/w) cellulose during 12 weeks. Hangbisan affected the weight loss of obese mice as cellulose did during experimental periods, while also reducing the level of plasma total cholesterol. These results suggest that dietary Hangbisan improved the composition of blood profiles in obese mice, and therefore has potential as an anti-obesity ingredient in the application of oriental medicine compounds.

• Korean Journal of Poultry Science
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.1-12
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• 1984

Since a 13% dietary protein level is generally accepted as a standard in evaluating net protein utilization values of protein sources in chicks, limiting amino acids a 13% protein basal diet containing 15% isolated soy-protein as the only source of dietary protein, were identified. Of such amino acids as methionine, lysine, threonine and tryptophan added to the basal diet singly or as a combination, methionine appeared as the only limiting amino acid for optimum growth of the chicks. When the requirement of total sulfur-containing acids (TSAA) was estimated as the point at which the dose-response curve intersected a line representing the plateau for maximum performance, the TSAA requirements for maximum growth and feed intake were 4.73% and 3.73% of dietary protein, respectively. The values, expressed in terms of TSAA intake, required for maximum weight gain, feed intake and gain/feed ratio were 167.1, 136.8 and 159.1 mg/bird/day, respectively.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.45 no.4
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• pp.478-487
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• 2013

Onions were treated with different amounts of sulfur (S) during cultivation and examined for their physicochemical properties and flavor. Onions cultivated without S application were the control group; the treatment groups were grown in soil that had been pretreated with S and received additional S applications or four times before harvest. As the number of S applications increased, the levels of crude protein, quantified with total nitrogen; ash, approximating total amounts of minerals; and dietary fiber of the onions tended to increase. The mineral compositions also improved, with noticeable increases in the levels of Mg, K, Fe, and Zn. In particular, the reducing capacity of the onions increased appreciably (p<0.05), without increases in the levels of S-containing compounds such as thiosulfinate or S-containing amino acids. Nevertheless, the spicy hot taste and flavor, which is generated mainly from S-containing compounds, were perceived more strongly in the onions that had received more S applications.

• Proceedings of the PSK Conference
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• 2003.04a
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• pp.218.1-218.1
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• 2003

Dietary organosulfur compounds have been shown to inhibit the proliferation of tumor cells. Synthetic sulfur-containing compounds including oltipraz exert chemopreventive and hepatoprotective effects. We previously showed that synthetic allylthiopyridazine derivatives designated as K compounds induced apoptosis in SK-Hep-1 hepatocarcinoma cells (Eur. J. Cancer: 37, 2104-10, 2001). (omitted)

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.45 no.2
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• pp.213-220
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• 2013

Two types of onions cultivated with different methods of sulfur application (designated as S-1 and S-2) were examined for their physicochemical and sensory properties, and then compared with onions without sulfur application as a control. During cultivation, dietary sulfur methylsulfonylmethane (MSM) was sprayed on the leaves twice starting at 2 months before harvest, with one month intervals for S-1. For S-2, the MSM was applied once onto surface soils before sowing, and then once again on the leaves at 2 months before harvest. Thiosulfinate, a major sulfur-containing compound in onions, increased in the order of control, S-1, and S-2, without noticeable differences in the strength of spicy hot taste and flavor. The S-2 onions demonstrated a total reducing capacity three times higher than control and S-1 did. It indicates that the application of sulfur would positively affect the quality of onions under the condition where sufficient time is given for soil mineralization.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.22 no.10
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• pp.1366-1376
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• 2009

Effect of sulfur (S) on utilization efficiency of fresh cassava foliage and cassava hay in dairy cows was evaluated using thirty-two $1^{st}-2^{nd}$ lactation Holstein-Friesian crossbred dairy cows. The experimental treatment was a 2${\times}$2 factorial arrangement in a randomized complete block design (RCBD) using two roughages (rice straw+fresh cassava foliage (FCF) and rice straw+cassava hay (CH)) and two elemental sulfur (S) levels (0.15 and 0.4% S of dry matter (DM)), respectively. Four dietary treatments (FCF+0.15, FCF+0.4, CH+0.15 and CH+0.4) were offered ad libitum in the form of a total mixed ration (TMR) with concentrate to roughage (chopped rice straw+chopped cassava foliage) ratio at 60:40. Fresh cassava foliage or cassava hay resulted in similar dry mater intake, rumen ecology parameters, total tract digestibility, blood chemistry, milk production and composition. However, HCN intake, blood and milk thiocyanate concentration were significantly higher (p<0.01) in cows fed fresh cassava foliage with no sign of potential toxicity. Dry matter intake, body weight changes, molar percentage of propionate in rumen, neutral detergent fiber (NDF) digestibility and nitrogen (N) retention of cows tended to be increased while DM digestibility (65.6, 72.7, 68.6 and 72.1% of total DM intake for the respective treatments), rumen bacteria population (1.4, 1.7, 1.6 and $1.7{\times}10^{11}$ cell/ml for respective treatments), fungal zoospore population (0.4, 0.6, 0.4 and $0.5{\times}10^{6}$ cell/ml for respective treatments), urinary allantoin (25.3, 28.0, 26.3 and 27.6 g/d for respective treatments), microbial N yield (136.0, 154.6, 142.8 and 151.3 g N/d for respective treatments) and milk protein content (3.4, 3.5, 3.2 and 3.5% for respective treatments) were significantly (p<0.05) higher in cows fed on supplemented sulfur at 0.4% of DM in comparison with 0.15% S-supplemented diets. Based on these results, it is concluded that cassava foliage could be used as a portion of roughage for dairy cows and supplementation of S would be nutritionally beneficial.

• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
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• v.7 no.3
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• pp.238-244
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• 2002

Protective effect of skin by antioxidative dietary buchu (Chinese chives, Allium tuberosum Router), was evaluated in ICR mice fed diets containing 2% or 5% buchu for 12 months. Lipid peroxidation and protein oxidation in skin, with or without ultraviolet B (UVB) irradiation, activities of antioxidative enzymes, total glutathione concentrations, and non-soluble collagen contents were measured. Dietary buchu decreased significantly in TBARS and protein carbonyl levels in skin compared to the control group, and were lower in those fed 5% than 2% buchu diet group. ICR mice exhibited an age-dependent decrease in antioxidative enzyme activities and total glutathione concentrations on the control diet, but in the groups fed buchu diet the enzyme activities and glu-tathione concentrations remained at youthful levels for most of the study. SOD, glutathione peroxidase, and catalase activities as well as total glutathione concentrations increased with time in the skins of the mice fed buchu diets. Lipid peroxidation and protein oxidation provoked by UVB irradiation on ICR mice skin homogenates were also significantly inhibited by dietary buchu. The buchu diets also decreased the formation of non-soluble collagen in mice skin, compared to the control group. These results suggest that antioxidative components and sulfur-compounds in buchu may confer protective effect against oxidative stress resulting from aging and exposure to ultraviolet irradiation.