• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Culture
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• v.34 no.5
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• pp.577-586
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• 2019

The Ministry of Agriculture, Food and Rural Affairs has conducted the Dietary Education Projects at Childcare Centers since 2015. This study provides preliminary data for early childhood dietary education programs, by evaluating the outcomes of the projects. This survey enrolled 212 participants whose children had participated in the projects, and 142 non-participants. Comparing the perception of importance towards each educational program of the projects, dietary education program gained significantly higher importance than other subjects included, and was significantly higher in the participants than in non-participants. In the preference for food group survey for children, vegetable and seaweed preferences were higher among participants than non-participants, indicating that participation in the dietary education projects contribute towards increase in preferences for vegetables and seaweed, which children generally dislike. No significant differences were observed in children's dietary habits between participant and non-participant groups, thereby suggesting that the education projects were insufficient for inducing dietary habit changes. In order to accomplish effective improvement of dietary habits, the education projects need further improvements to achieve systematic and long-term plans.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Culture
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• v.37 no.1
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• pp.39-46
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• 2022

This study aimed to investigate the effect of the five senses activities involving food ingredients on the eating behavior of infants. The study was carried out four times over 6 months. We surveyed 65 nursery school infants and teachers who were registered at the 2020 Guro-gu Center for Children's Food Service Management in Seoul. They participated in the five senses education specialization project. The results of the study showed that the scores relating to unbalanced diet, hygiene management, dietary attitude, and dietary manners were visibly higher than those before participating in the five senses educational activities. In addition, there was a significant difference in the perception of the food ingredients used in the five senses education activities. Finally, as a result of investigating the types of education used before, during, and after the five senses education activities, and the need for education by type, cooking activities were observed to rank higher than other activities in all questions. Based on this, if dietary guidance is provided through a variety of five senses education activities over a long period rather than as a one-time event, it will be beneficial to the children's healthy eating habits.

• Korean Journal of Community Nutrition
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• v.14 no.6
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• pp.831-845
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• 2009

Hypertension and obesity are important modifiable risk factors for cardiovascular disease, the leading cause of death in Korea. Therefore, we assessed the association between dietary pattern and obesity in hypertensive patients to formulate health promotion strategies for the older population. Dietary information was collected from hypertensive patients visiting community health education and information center by using 24 hour recall method. The 2005 DRIs for Koreans was used to evaluate the dietary adequacy. When subjects were categorized by body mass index (BMI) as normal, overweight and obese, no significant difference in energy intake was found among groups. Dietary intakes of folate, and vitamin C in obese hypertensive patients were significantly lower than in normal weight patients (p < 0.05). When we compare the nutritional status by waist circumferences, dietary intakes of zinc, vitamin A, thiamin, vitamin C and folate were significantly lower in the obese group. Vegetable intake was significantly lower in the obese group according to BMI as well as waist circumference. Energy intake from carbohydrate was significantly higher in obese hypertensive patients (p < 0.05). Obese hypertensive patients had a higher risk of nutritional inadequacy compared to normal weight patients. Our results indicated the need for developing interventions that encourage greater consumption of vegetables while cutting down salt intake with wise selection of staple foods, for obese hypertensive patients.

• Journal of Korean Home Economics Education Association
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• v.29 no.1
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• pp.1-13
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• 2017

The objective of this study was to understand the dietary life of North Koreans through the examination of dietary life terms assembled and classified from the North Korean sources. In order to ascertain any contrasting aspects and also to improve the degree of understanding, the comparable terms from the South Korean sources were also assembled and classified accordingly. The North Korean sources were the two dictionaries and the two Web sites related with the dietary life in North Korea and those of the South Korean sources were the middle school Home Economics textbooks in South Korea. The major findings of this study on the dietary life terms of North Korea were as follows: 1) The majority of the classified dietary life terms was from the food sector; 2) There were terms which were indicative of the food supply situation in North Korea; 3) The terms related to the corn as the primary crop for the North's food production policy occupied relatively a large proportion of the assembled terms; 4) Chinese-and foreign-origin terms seemingly modified through the North's word purification project were found in the various different categories; 5) Some terms were difficult to understand without special interpretation; 6) There were terms related to the agriculture which were obsolete in the South; and 7) In the South's Home Economics textbooks there were a number of the dietary life policy terms of South Korea and foreign-origin terms. It is hopeful that this study may contribute to the mutual understanding in the field of the dietary life for the South and North Korean youths in spite of the language bifurcation due to the South-North separation.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.26 no.5
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• pp.593-602
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• 1993

As part of the Nutrition CRSP Mexico project conducted in rural villages in highland Mexico, this study examined whether nutritional factors, family characteristics, and the duration of schooling were associated with cognitive performances in 107 schoolers(53 boys and 54 girls) aged 8~10. Food intake was measured by recall, direct observation and weighment twice monthly over the course of a year. Families were characterized in terms of socioeconomic status and parental cognitive performance, education and aspiration. Dietary quality, but not energy intake, and anthropometry (wt-for-age, ht-for-age, head circumference) were significantly associated with cognitive test results for both verbal and performance measures. When the effect of SES is controlled using partial correlation, the relationships were substantially weakened. Sex differences were also found in response to nutritional deprivation. Among boys, dietary quality was the most important indicator of cognitive performance, while household economic conditions were more importantly associated with cognitive performance among girls. Participation in schooling was important for cognitive skille as it related to nutritional status.

• The Korean Journal of Community Living Science
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.163-173
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• 2014

This study investigates the dietary risk factors in elderly individuals in rural Korea by focusing on the development of service programs that can improve their health. The sample included 1,000 free-living elderly individuals aged 65 and over in rural Korea. A three-stage stratified random sampling method based on 2010 Korean census data was employed. Data on the dietary status and the need for assistance in meal management were collected through face-to-face interviews. The dietary status was evaluated based on the Nutrition Screening Initiative (NSI) checklist, and the outcomes for three groups classified base on their family type were examined. According to NSI scores, more than 70% of the subjects faced some nutritional risk. The activities most requiring assistance in meal management included preparing meals (18.3%) and purchasing food items (11.7%). More than half of the subjects reported that having meals at community senior centers at least once a week. The results indicate that those subjects from single-individual households were most likely to face some nutritional risk and require, assistance in purchasing food items and preparing meals. In addition, these subjects were least likely to be satisfied with their health and dietary management. To improve the dietary status of elderly individuals in rural Korea, any service programs should facilitate their daily activities by focusing on improving their diet, particularly that of those from low-income, single-individual households.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.40 no.8
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• pp.728-735
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• 2007

The present study was conducted to investigate the effect of iron-enriched cereal supplement and nutrition education program on nutritional status and life style of children. Elementary school students(n=170) aged of 11 years old at Seoul were participated. Subjects were supplemented with iron-enriched cereal for breakfast and provided with 2 sessions of nutrition education during 3 months. Intake of carbohydrate, iron, sodium, zinc, vitamin A, vitamin $B_1$, vitamin $B_2$, vitamin C, niacin, and folic acid was significantly increased after cereal supplement. Caloric intake was similar to KDRIs during both before and after cereal supplement. There was no improvement on exercise and dietary habits after nutrition education. Male students tended to sleep later, wake up early, and ate snack less than female. Cereal supplement was effective on improving nutritional status, but short-term nutrition education had no effect on modification of life style. Thus, further studies are required to develop long-term education program effective on improving lift style and eating habits in children.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural Science
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• v.49 no.4
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• pp.1015-1031
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• 2022

The objectives of this study were to classify the types of elderly households and to compare the characteristics of their dietary lifestyle. Panel data surveyed by Korea Rural Economic Institute (KREI) for Food Purchase Attitudes over three years (2019 - 2021) were utilized for the analysis. Through a factor analysis, five common factors were extracted out of 19 basic variables related to dietary style, which indicate two kinds of consumer competency index (safe diet, traditional diet) and three kinds of purchase frequency (healthy food, meat & fish, fresh seafood). Applying the cluster analysis method, by using socioeconomic variables along the five common factors, elderly households aged 60 or older were grouped into four types. As a result, Type 1 elderly households accounted for 50.8%, Type 2 for 16.2%, Type 3 for 27.8%, and Type 4 for 5.2% out of all 870 elderly households. Type 1 is characterized as a low-income vulnerable class with a poor diet, Type 2 as a middle-income class with a healthy food-oriented diet, whereas Type 3 was classified as a middle-income class with a meat-oriented diet, and Type 4 as a high-income class with diverse dietary culture. It is necessary to expand the agri-food voucher pilot project to the entire country and also increase the monthly subsidy for the Type 1 elderly households. Implementing community kitchen projects for elderly single-person households, promoting senior internships by providing incentives to companies that employ retirees, the provision of education by local governments on a safe and balanced diet for Types 2 and 3, and the promotion of an elderly-friendly social environment are also recommended.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.49 no.1
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• pp.36-42
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• 2016

Purpose: This study was conducted for comparison of salty taste assessment, salty taste preference, high-salt dietary attitude, and high-salt dietary behavior by stages of behavior change among school-aged children and adolescents. Methods: A total of 1,595 students (1,126 school- aged children, 469 adolescents) from 43 elementary schools and 17 middle and high schools in Daegu were tested using salty taste kits and surveyed using questionnaires on stages of behavior change, high-salt dietary attitude, and behavior. Results: Adolescents showed a significantly higher result for salty taste assessment than school-aged children (p < 0.01). In salty taste assessment, the students of pre-contemplation stage (n = 498) and contemplation stage (n = 686) showed higher scores than students of action stage (n = 351) and maintenance stage (n = 60). Regarding the salty taste preference, students of maintenance stage preferred the lower two samples (0.08%, 0.16%) and students of pre-contemplation stage preferred the higher two samples (0.63%, 1.25%). High-salt dietary attitude scores and dietary behavior scores were highest for students of pre-contemplation stage and were lowest for students of maintenance stage. Conclusion: Salty taste assessment, high-salt dietary attitude, and high-salt dietary behavior were significantly different by stages of behavior change among school-aged children and adolescents. This study suggests the need for examination of the stages of behavior change before nutrition education for effective education.

• Korean Journal of Community Nutrition
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• v.16 no.6
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• pp.716-729
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• 2011

This study aimed to plan nutrition support programs for the elderly living alone whose nutrition status were seriously concerned, conducted seven stages nutrition intervention program on a trial basis, and evaluated the effectiveness of the program of the Elderly Nutrition Support Project. Subjects were selected for personalized nutrition management based on nutritional risk score and nutrition intervention were tailored to the problems occurred. The elderly nutrition support program targets were 44 senior citizens who lived alone with low income. The 33 (as Type 1) of the subjects with whom milk, tofu, seaweed, eggs, black beans have been supported, and also provide nutrition education, and the rest 11 persons (as Type 2) to whom food was not supported but provide nutrition education programs. As a result, all subjects showed that compared with pre and post program implementation, their daily exercise time and milk and protein consumption level were increased and some improvement was observed regular meals consumption and low-salt diets. Their nutrient intake level such as calories, protein, calcium, iron improved after implementation. In addition, NSL DETERMINE scores significantly improved from 13.21 to 7.24 in Type 1 and 11.27 to 9.91 in Type 2. As positive dietary behavioral changes were observed as in that they purchased more protein and calcium rich foods.