• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.35 no.8
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• pp.1016-1024
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• 2006

The purpose of this study was to investigate students' and parents' perceptions of nutrition education. In this survey, 7,577 elementary school students and 6,003 of their parents across the country were surveyed about the necessity of implementing nutrition education, its present status and problems and future methods for nutrition education implementation. The results showed that 96.6% of the parents and 62.8% of the students responded that nutrition education was urgently needed, at least once per week in the lower grades of elementary school, and that it should be related to and coordinated with special activities class. In addition, the survey showed that students and their parents wanted nutrition teachers to establish a nutrition counseling room, a practical cooking class, a special activity class, and/or dietary camp during school breaks. With regard to the status of nutrition education at home, there was statistical evidence that suggests significant differences between urban and rural schools. Approximately 63% of the parents indicated that they had difficulty teaching nutrition education in their own homes, because it was difficult to determine the dietary habits and nutritional status of their children. When asked about attending a dietary class for parents, 74% expressed their intent to attend. Parents were most interested in learning about cooking practices, diet therapy, and food information in that order. The results showed that the most effective method of dietary education was to teach appropriate nutritional practices in school and at home simultaneously. Hence, necessary information and education should be provided through special lectures, special cooking classes, and dietary classes for parents. The conclusions of this study suggest that a variety of education programs should be developed to achieve effective nutrition education for students and their parents.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.42 no.12
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• pp.2049-2067
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• 2013

The purpose of this study is to present a more effective nutrition education activation plan. As a result of investigating the dietary education operating situation, 58.9% underwent direct education, and 89.5% underwent food life education through traditional food culture succeeding business operation. The results from investigating the recognition regarding dietary education are as follows. The activation level by education types was as low as 2.24 points, the necessity was as high as 4.54 points, the difficult point in performing food life education was 'overwork' with 4.43 points, and the teaching activity ability level was 'can effectively prepare a teaching guidance plan' at 2.96 points. As a result of investigating the nutrition consultation operating situations, 62.8% underwent it and all of the students as well as some parents and teachers performed it. The consumed time per consultation for effective nutrition consultation was 10~20 minutes, the required education equipment and data were 'consultation program' with 40.3%, and the important content during consultation was 'contents related to eating habits' with 70.5%, which was recognized as the most important.

• The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition
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• v.30 no.3
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• pp.413-426
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• 2017

The study subjects were 302 adult males and females aged more than 20 years living in the metropolitan area of South Korea. This study was conducted to obtain baseline data to establish proper development and marketing strategies by examining the effects of food-related lifestyles on the importance of diet, purchasing behavior towards diet lunch boxes, and their selected attributes such as menu, packaging, and services. With respect to food-related lifestyle, a cluster analysis was performed by using five factors such as convenience factor, health factor, safety factor, taste factor, and economy factor obtained from factor analysis to derive the economy type, the taste and economy type, the convenience type, the safety type, and the health type. As a result, the respondents regarded 'food hygiene (4.59)', 'freshness (4.47)', 'taste (4.28)', and 'nutrient balance (4.19)' as the selected attributes of diet lunch box menus. Moreover, the importance of diet lunch box menus (${\beta}=0.179$) was increased with increasing safety orientation. 'Shelf life label (4.42)' was the most important selected attribute of diet lunch boxes, followed by 'ingredient label (4.19)', 'nutrition facts label (4.16)', and 'indication of origin (4.15)'. In particular, the importance of packaging for diet lunch boxes (${\beta}=0.203$) was increased with increasing safety orientation. With respect to the selected attributes of services in purchasing diet lunch boxes, 'provision of personalized menus (4.07)' was the most important, and the importance of services for diet lunch box (${\beta}=0.160$) was increased with increasing taste and economy orientation. Based on the above results, the respondents gave importance to the selected attributes related to food safety and health such as hygiene and, freshness. In addition, they also placed emphasis on hygiene and safe factors such as shelf life, ingredients, and nutrition facts labels. Therefore, it is considered necessary to develop diet lunch boxes by taking these factors into account. Furthermore, in services for diet lunch boxes, it is considered necessary to establish a service system capable of providing consumers with specialized menu or nutrition counseling according to the food-related lifestyle for their proper health management. Particularly, because consumers place emphasis on both food hygiene and safety, and health, it is considered necessary to thoroughly manage hygiene, safety, and nutrition in menu or packaging so that it is possible to enhance customer satisfaction by considering these selected attributes in greater detail.

• Journal of the Korean Dietetic Association
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.112-123
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• 2013

HbA1c was recently adopted as a reliable indicator for screening diabetes. This study investigated the ability of nutrition consultation to prevent diabetes in overweight women (BMI 23 $kg/m^2$ or more) using HbA1c as an indicator. Twenty overweight and obese women (with $HbA1c{\geq}5.7$%) completed the 12-week nutritional study, with individual and personalized nutrition counseling performed every 2 weeks. The main study guidelines involved the following: 1) reducing the intake of high fat foods and alcohol, 2) consuming a large amount of vegetables, 3) reducing the intake of simple sugars and empty-calorie foods, and 4) increasing physical activity to ${\geq}30$ min/day. Anthropometric (height, weight, BMI, body muscle (kg), body fat (%), waist and hip circumference, blood pressure) and biochemical parameters (fasting blood sugar (FBS), HbA1c, lipid profiles, hs-CRP) were measured before and after the nutrition consultation. After 12 weeks, the HbA1c<5.7% group had significant decreases in BMI, WC, HC, WHR, HbA1c, hs-CRP and also dietary intake of energy (P<0.01), carbohydrates, lipids (P<0.01), proteins (P<0.01) and cholesterol was significantly decreased (P<0.05). In the HbA1c ${\geq}5.7$% group, HbA1c, TC, LDL, NON-HDL, hs-CRP and dietary intake of energy, carbohydrate, lipid, protein, and cholesterol significantly decreased (P<0.05). These results suggest that nutrition consultation effectively helps to prevent diabetes in overweight and obese women after applying HbA1c standards. Overall, the improvement in all markers measured suggest that HbA1c is a good indicator for blood glucose regulation, helping to prevent diabetes.

• Korean Journal of Community Nutrition
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• v.13 no.4
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• pp.476-488
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• 2008

This study investigates the relationship of smoking on daily intake of nutrients and snacks in the Chungnam and Daejeon high school students. Up to date scientific nutrition education and counseling programs in the regular school system is needed for a professional nutrition education teacher. The primary objective of this study was to provide useful information to nutrition education teachers. A survey was conducted with 400 high school students in the Chungnam and Daejeon areas. 381 out of 400 questionnaires were analyzed with SPSS 12.0K. The subjects were composed of 49.8% male, 50.1% female and 40.9% regular high school students, 59.1% business high school students and smokers 43.1%, non-smokers 56.9%. 43.4% of smokers had been smoking since middle school. On analysis of daily nutrient intakes, 16 out of 19 nutrients except animal calcium, Vitamin A and Vitamin C were much more consumed by the smoking group than the non-smoking group non-significantly. Especially vegetable fat and Vitamin E were higher in the smoking group than the non-smoking group (p<0.05). The intake ratio of carbohydrates: protein: fat was similar in the two groups (smoking group 55:15:29, nonsmoking group 56:15:28). Intakes of Vitamin B1 and potassium in comparison with the Korean dietary reference intakes(KDRI) were under 50% in both groups. However, sodium was taken over 200% compared to KDRI in both groups. Intakes of Vitamin C in the smoking group were as low as 76.5% in comparison to KDRI. Smokers need to increase the intakes of Vitamin C considering that smokers need to intake Vitamin C two times than non-smokers. Nutrient intakes from snacks in the smoking group were higher than the non-smoking group. Nutrients that originated from snacks which took over 20% among daily nutrient intakes were 12 nutrients(energy, fat, carbohydrate, calcium, P, Fe, K, Vitamin $B_1$, Vitamin $B_2$, Vitamin C, Vitamin E, dietary fiber) in the smoking group compared to 7 nutrients(energy, vegetable protein, fat, carbohydrate, calcium, Vitamin $B_2$, Vitamin C) in the non-smoking group. The smoking group was significantly paying more money for snacks each month than the non-smoking group was(p<0.01). Periods of consumption were irregular in the smoking group(p<0.05) and the smoking group was used to taking snacks in the morning compared to the non-smoking group. The smoking group preferred sweets and high calorie food over other snacks in comparison of the non-smoking group. The nonsmoking group had better eating habits than the smoking group.

• The Korean Journal of Community Living Science
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.223-234
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• 2008

This study aimed to develop the elderly care program for seniors in rural areas and to evaluate its efficacy through pre- and post-tests. For them, this study carried out a total of 8 sessions that includes 4 aims, such as understanding rural elderly, volunteer activities, psychological help, and aids to daily living, on 36 persons over the age of 60 years in rural areas. The data was analyzed by paired t-test to 36 elderly. The results of the study are as follows. First, looking at changes in knowledge about aging, objective evaluation of knowledge showed significant differences (t=-2.22, p<.05), but evaluation of elderly's perception-change didn't show significant differences between before and after. Second, volunteer attitude didn't show significant differences between before and after, but after the training, 75% of them answered 'yes' to question that asked whether they'd like to participate in elderly's volunteer caring activity for other elderly within the town in the future, which gave us certain expectation that the attitude towards volunteer activities might change positively in the future. Third, objective evaluation of knowledge for psychological help didn't show significant differences between before and after. But elderly's subjective perception showed significant differences (t=-2.82, p<.01). Fourth, evaluating changes in knowledge for elderly's aiding daily life, both the objective evaluation and subjective evaluation didn't show significant differences between before and after. Fifth, satisfaction of the program showed high scores over 4 points: contents, education methods, education place, education time. The most helpful topics for them were counseling (27.8%) and dementia (27.8%), followed by elderly and aging (16.7%), elderly's residential environment (13.9%), elderly's dietary life (9.3%) and volunteer activities (5.6%).

• Korean Journal of Human Ecology
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.59-70
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• 2005

The purpose of this study is to develop a program that allows older women to provide voluntary services for child nursing facilities, making those women have more social participation, effectively their spare time and ultimately improve the quality of their life. Results of the study can be described as follows. First, social requests about the use of older women as volunteers for child nursing services were analyzed to show that most people working at child nursing facilities perceived lack in the number of child nursing teachers. Those people recognized the need of using older women as service volunteers for the facilities. They were very positive about such use. Second, it is recommendable that volunteers of child nursing service should be not too much older women, or below 65. Voluntary activities that those women participate include taking care of younger children, reading interesting stories for children, helping works of child homes, teaching manners and living attitudes, instructing dietary etiquettes and cooking. Voluntary service activities should be made 1 to 3 times a week, 1 to 2 hours a time, considering psychological and physical states of older people. Third, such older volunteers should be educated about 6 areas, 'the operation and management of child homes, 'practices', 'child health and safety', 'the quality of child nursing', 'child development and counseling' and 'voluntary service training'. Out of these six areas, 'child health and safety' and 'voluntary service training' are more required to be instructed. such training needs to focus on activities in which older women can actually engage as volunteers. Fourth, it is advisable that the recruitment and management of such volunteers are led by the city and that the development of training programs for voluntary service activities and education of the volunteers are referred to universities.

• Journal of the Korean Dietetic Association
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.155-179
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• 2017

The purpose of this study was to compare the task elements categorized into required and additional man power's implemental between present and future-oriented duties of school nutrition teachers. The survey consisted of five duties, 27 tasks, 93 task elements, and 270 work details in the task elements of school nutrition teachers. A pilot-test was first conducted on nutrition teachers to confirm the survey contents, and then a main survey was performed on 240 school nutrition teachers, using a self-administrated online method, from July 16 to September 5, 2016. To compare present and future-oriented tasks, frequency analyses were conducted. Work details in the task elements were categorized into 'required' and 'additional man power's implemental', depending on school nutrition teachers' responses, based on a 50% cut-off percentage. The results showed that 13 work details among 60 work details (21.7%) in the 'Duty C. Safety and hygiene management of school foodservice', and 15 work details out of 106 work details (14.2%) in 'Duty B. Foodservice management practices' were identified as additional man power's implemental in future oriented duties. As to 'Duty A. Nutrition management', only three work details among 55 work details (5.5%) were identified as additional man power's implemental. On the other hand, all work details in 'Duty D. Nutrition diet education and counseling and 'Duty E. Reinforce professionalism' were identified as "required" as school nutrition teachers' duties. These findings imply that school nutrition teachers perceive nutrition management and education as their primary duties to the fulfill school foodservice' mission of promoting students' health and fostering students' dietary behaviors. The study offers practical and governmental implications, which can encourage school nutrition teachers to perform their primary duties.

• Women's Health Nursing
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.161-170
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• 2015

Purpose: This study aimed to evaluate the impact of a lifestyle modification program on menstrual irregularity among overweight and obese women with polycystic ovarian syndrome. Methods: A quasi experimental research design was used to conduct this study on 82 women with polycystic ovarian syndrome at the Gynecology and Obesity clinics of Mansoura University Hospital, Egypt. Two groups were included; the study group received a lifestyle modification program for 48 weeks, while the control group was not subjected to this program. Data collection was done for the following variables, a structured interview questionnaire was used to assess the women's general characteristics, menstrual patterns, and 24-hour dietary recall and the researcher took anthropometric measurements and assessed hirsutism by the Ferriman-Gallwey scale. Results: After one year of lifestyle modification, the number of menstrual cycles significantly increased from $2.7{\pm}1.6$ to $6.9{\pm}1.5$ (t=12.26, p<.001) in the study group compared to insignificant minor changes among the control group (t=0.69, p=.488). Additionally, 58.5% were menstruating regularly compared to none in the control group (${\chi}^2=33.93$, p<.001). Conclusion: Participating in a lifestyle modification program was effective in reducing menstrual cycle's irregularity among overweight and obese women with PCOS. Thus, it is recommended to motivate the nurses in counseling the PCOS women on lifestyle modifications.

• Korean Journal of Community Nutrition
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.218-226
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• 2001

This study was performed to assess the nutritional status, frequency of visiting and necessity of nutrition programs for 157 elderly(male:49, female:108) visiting public health centers in Puchon. The purpose of the study was to provide the basic data for developing a nutrition service model. The subject were investigated by interviews with a questionnaire to obtain dietary data and other information related to public health center. Blood tests for analyzing biochemical status were also carried out. The elderly showed low income status. Ninety two percent of them showed their monthly income was less than 400,000 won and 72.6% was observed as having 30,000 won/month as their pocket money. The most frequent disease reported as having or being treated were hypertension(32.6%), rheumatic arthritis(28.5%), diabetes(10.2%), and stomach disease(8.2%) for males and hypertension(33.1%), diabetes(19.4%), rheumatic arthritis(16.7%), anemia(11.1%) for females. The nutrients whose daily intakes were less than 2/3 of RDA were calcium(37.5% RDA),vitamin A(49.9% RDA), iron(60.0% of RDA) and protein(62.0% RDA) for males and vitamin A(27.7% RDA), vitamin B$_2$(33.3% RDA), calcium(44.1% RDA), iron(53.3% RDA), and niacin(60.0% RDA) for females, respectively. Prevalence of anemia, assessed by hemogloben using WHO definition, were 4.1% for males and 18.5% for females. The percentage of males with hypercholesterolemia( 220 mg/dl) was 2.1% and 19.4% fir females, Two percent of males and 12.0% of females were observed as having a LDL-C higher than 165 mg/dl. The mean fasting blood glucose(FBG) level of males and female was 84.2 mg/dl and 101.7 mg/dl respectively. Two percent of males and 8.3% of females were found with a FBG higher than 140 mg/dl. Seventy one percent of elderly reported they were visiting public health centers at least once per week or more frequently. They were satisfied most with the low medical bills but showed the lowest satisfaction for the facilities of the public health centers. What the nutrition service programs wanted most was nutrition counseling and guidance.