• Journal of Community Nutrition
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• 제7권3호
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• pp.121-129
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• 2005

Food neophobia, unwillingness to try novel foods, is a personality trait that can influence children's food preferences and consequently their food acceptance and consumption. The purpose of this study was to determine whether children with food neophobia have poor dietary and growth outcomes compared to non-neophobic children. Subjects were 332 primary school children from 6 randomly selected schools in the district of Hulu Selangor, Selangor. Parents and children were interviewed to obtain demographic, socio-economic, food neophobia and dietary intake information. The children were also measured for weights and heights. One-way ANOVA and Chi-square procedures were utilized for statistical data analysis. Children with food neophobia had higher intakes of energy and most nutrients than average and neophilic children. However, only the mean intakes of protein (p < 0.05) , fat (p < 0.05), vitamin A (p < 0.01) and iron (p < 0.01) were significantly higher in neophobic than average or neophilic children. Compared to neophilic and average groups, a higher percentage of neophobic children met 2/3 of the RNIs for energy $(85.2\%)$, protein $(98.4\%)$ and vitamin A $(72.1\%)$. Mean percentage of carbohydrate energy was lowest$(54.8\pm6.6\%)$ while fat energy $(31.8\pm6.2\%)$ was highest among neophobic children. Neophobic group had the lowest percentage of children $(49.2\%)$ with carbohydrate energy > $55\%$ but highest percentage $(50.8\%)$ with fat energy > $30\%$. For the three study groups, the mean number of servings for all food groups, except grain and cereal, did not meet the Food Pyramid recommendations. Neophobic children consumed significantly more numbers of servings from the meat group than average and neophilic groups (p < 0.01). All study groups had relatively low mean dietary diversity scores but neophobic children had the lowest score $(0.67\pm0.73)$ compared to the average $(0.97\pm0.72)$ and neophilic $(1.98\pm0.81)$ groups. Significant difference in mean dietary diversity scores were only observed between neophobic and neophilic children (p<0.05). Higher percentages of neo-phobic children had low weight-for-height and were at-risk of overweight(p < 0.05). Nutrition practitioners need to understand children's food preferences in their efforts to promote healthful diets for children. To improve children's eating behaviors, parents may need the guidance and support from nutritionists and dietitians that are specific to their needs and their child's situation.

• 한국지역사회생활과학회지
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• 제17권1호
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• pp.123-139
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• 2006

The purpose of this study is to search how to promote health and improve nutrition and health care of the elderly people in rural area. Behaviors for health promotion and habits against health risk were surveyed. Dietary management was analyzed for surveyed nutrient intake by 24 hr -recall method. 242 subjects were collected in 12 cities or counties in Gyeonggi Province and 20 elderly people (10 male and 10 female) were selected out of 1 village in each district. Questionnaire for health behavior and dietary management was carried out by trained interviewers. Statistical analyses were made by SAS (version 8.1) and Chi-square tests and General Linear Models were used. Characteristics of the elderly people were 61-74 year-olds (68.2%), elementary school educated (78.4%), with spouse (51.7%), monthly living cost of 500-1,000 thousand won(43.4%), and monthly pocket money of 50-100 or 100-200 thousand won(33.5%, 26.5%). 41.4% of the subjects checked up medical examination regularly. The alcohol drinking status was significantly different according to gender: high no-drink rate of female (52.5%) and low no-drink rate of male (25.6%). Kinds of disease were different according to gender: higher proportion of cardiovascular disease(46.3%) and diabetes mellitus(8.1 %) in male and joint lumbago neuralgia(44.4%) and osteoporosis(8.6%) in female. Gastrointestinal complaints were nausea (69.0%) and chronic indigestion (17.8%). Constipation (12.0%) and vomiting (4.3%) were more frequent in female. Dietary management was good (3 meals per day: 93.4%., dining with family: 72.4%, regular mealtime: 72.4%, and 3-4 times of snacks per week: 44.9%) except side dish taking of 3-4 kinds only. However, almost one-third of the female elderly ate alone (30.6%) which was well compared with one-fifth of the male (19.7%). And food and nutrients intake were not significantly different according to gender except that male elderly's intake of energy and protein was lower than that of female's. The surveyed subjects had no difficulties in Activities of Daily Living (ADL), but some female elderly had some difficulties with Instrumental Activities of Daily Living (IADL) like working at home, using transport, and going shopping. These results suggest that low quality of life linked with low economic status of the rural elderly and that congregate meal at village hall would be required for the female elderly eating alone. For the undernourished male elderly, it would be needed to provide snacks and to establish nutrition and health surveillance system.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제34권7호
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• pp.770-777
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• 2001

This study investigated nutritional status and eating behaviors among 59 nephritic patients with mild kidney malfunction in Korea. Nutritional status was measured by blood analysis and 1-3 day dietary recall and records, and eating behaviors were assessed by a questionnaire. Mean Body Mass Index(BMI) was within the normal range, while 21% and 14% of the patients were underweight and overweight, respectively. They received nutrition information mainly from doctors, nurses and mass media, but rarely from nutrition professionals. A quarter of patients skipped breakfast at least 3 times per 12% of the patients, respectively. Energy intake of 83% of the patients was less than the recommended level. Protein intakes of 56% of them were either under or over the recommended levels. Patients had low vitamin B$_2$ and calcium(<75% of the RDA) and excessive phosphorus(138% RDA) and vitamin C(170% RDA). Major food sources to absolute nutrient intakes were similar to those for the average Koreas, except for milk. Milk intake was low in our patients. Dietary quantity and quality were associated positively with BMI, albumin, and HDL-cholesterol and negatively with triglycerides and BUN. Results of this study indicate low nutritional status of the patients and, in turn a need for conducting nutritional education or counselling at regular at regular basis for the nephritic patients with mild kidney malfunction.

• 한국식생활문화학회지
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• 제29권6호
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• pp.511-518
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• 2014

This study was conducted to investigate the degree of practice of dietary behavior and dining out in accordance with intake of sodium among male and female adults aged 20 years or older residing in the Seoul Metropolitan area or Chungcheong Province. A total of 530 copies of the questionnaire were distributed from May to July, 2014. The SH group who responded that they eat a lot of sodium constituted 30.6% (158 people), followed by the SM group who responded that their sodium intake is about average at 55.7% (288 people) and the SL group who answered that they do not eat much sodium at 13.7% (71 people). Those in the SL group showed positive results for dietary behavior patterns. The SL group showed the lowest rate in terms of how often they eat harmful foods, including processed foods, sweet foods, salty foods, or food with high animal fat content such as pork belly. Positive results among the SL group were prominent in terms of avoiding over-drinking, regular exercise, and nutritional knowledge, indicating greater health management. The distribution of each group in terms of self-perceived sodium intake showed significant differences across age, gender, and household income in terms of frequency of fast food intake, regularity of meals, purchase of foods with consideration of sodium amount, frequency of missed meals, balance of food intake, and health management habits.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제36권7호
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• pp.759-768
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• 2003

This study examined the factors related to stages of dietary behavioral changes among 1449 child bearing aged women (mean age $\pm$ SD = 25.6 $\pm$ 5.3 years) residing in large cities. A self administered questionnaire was used to assess stages of dietary behavioral change, meal balance and regularity, food availability, nutrition knowledge, body mass index, nutrient intake, and psycho-social factors including self efficacy, perceived benefits and barriers, social modeling. Undesirable dietary behaviors (precontemplation and contemplation) were shown among 45.1-57.4% of the participants, among those, 33.4-43.0% were precontemplators. Participants' self efficacy scores associated with dietary changes were higher in specific situations (3.42) as compared to general situations (2.86). Similarly, they appeared to perceive more benefits (3.86) rather than barriers (2.76) by changing their inappropriate eating habits. Perception and accuracy scores of nutrition knowledge were relatively high, indicating 90.9 and 80.1, respectively. In terms of food availability at home, fresh fruits received the highest score, followed by milk and milk products, vegetables, meat, alcoholic beverages and soft drinks. In social modeling assessment, family members, as compared to friends, appeared to have better dietary habits. Stages of dietary behavioral change assessed in terms of meal regularity were associated with nutrient intake, showing higher energy and carbohydrate intakes but lower fat intake among those who belonged to the action and maintenance stage. They also presented higher self efficacy and perceived more benefits and less barriers regarding the change of undesirable eating habits. Fresh meat and vegetables were more available among those maintaining desirable dietary habits. Results of this study presented the significant relations of motivational and reinforcing social factors with stages of dietary behavioral changes and a need for the development of tailored nutrition education program considering these factors for child-bearing aged Korean women.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제25권2호
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• pp.162-178
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• 1992

This study evaluated the effectiveness of affected-based program in changing the nutrition attitudes and behavior of a group of low-income housewives in a urban area near industrial complex. using pre- post- and one month retention test measures of nutrition attitudes knowledge and nutrition behavior. The sample consisted of treatment group(n=58) and control group(n=68, 66 or 61) The treatment group participated in a four-week nutrition course of eight hours offered by faculty members of department of Food and Nutition in Han Nam University. At the conclusion of the program the respondents had improved nutrition attitudes increa-sed nutrition knowledge and improved dietary diversity and dietary quality scores. Nutrition attitude scores rose significnatly from the pretest to post-test for the treatment group only However this improvement was not maintained one month after education. Nutrition know-ledge score of the treatment group increased significnatly from the pretest to posttest and pretest to retention test. Nutrition behavior was measured by food practice dietary diversity and dietary quality scores, The mean food practice score dietary diversity and dietary quality scores were signifi-cantly increased from pretest to posttest for the treatment group. Only dietary diversity scores was maintained from posttest for the retention test for the treatment group. There was a good correlation between nutrition knowlege and attitude scores at the pretest. However no significant corrlation was found between nutrition knowledge and attitude scores at the posttest. At the pretest nutrition knowledge or attitude and behavior were not correlated bu there were significant correations between nutrition knowledge or attitude and behavior at the posttest. It was concluded that a four-week nutrition education program of eight hours duration for the target people can lead to ac hange in dietary behaviors as well as nutrition knowledge and attitude.

• 동아시아식생활학회지
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• 제20권3호
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• pp.352-362
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• 2010

This study was conducted to investigate the influence of obesity stress on the eating behavior of elementary school students. Using a questionnaire, 300 students in the sixth grade from 2 schools in Kyunggi-do were surveyed (Boys: N=145, Girls: N=155). Data analysis was managed by SPSS software (version 13.0). The link between obesity stress and eating habits or behaviors was dependent on physical discomfort. There was also a large group of students experienced irregularity in their meal times during the day. Furthermore, there were significant differences in mealtime among boys under psychic stress caused by obesity. In the case of dairy intake during breakfast, the significant signs of obesity stress for were physical discomfort for boys and psychic stress for the girls. It was found for both boys and girls that more frequent midnight snacking decreased the efforts to overcome obesity stress. Therefore, a professional nutrition program that can educate school children must be implemented both in school and at home. In addition to overweight or obesity children, normal weight and underweight children can also benefit from this program that includes health counseling for weight and eating behaviors.

• 동아시아식생활학회지
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• 제24권4호
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• pp.444-456
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• 2014

The purpose of this study was to investigate drinking behaviors and need for programs to prevent drinking problems for university students. Data were obtained from 355 university students in Gyeongbuk region through a self-administered questionnaire. Data were analyzed by SPSS Windows V.21.0. To describe characteristics of the respondents, frequency distributions were used. In addition, t-test, one-way analysis of variance and Duncan's multiple range tests were conducted. For 'how many times do you drink a month?', 70.4% of the respondents answered they drank '1~5 times a month'. Additionally, for 'how much alcohol do you drink?', 54.1% of the respondents answered they drank 'appropriately'. The main motive for drinking was to promote friendship or celebrate an anniversary such as a birthday, and 44.8% of respondents started drinking from high school days. Many respondents took meals before drinking, and smokers smoked more while drinking. Intention to participate in education or programs related to desirable drinking was low compared to their necessity. The level of information on 'health problems caused by excessive drinking' was highest among information needs related to drinking.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제54권3호
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• pp.277-291
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• 2021

본 연구는 2019년 7월 충남지역 220명의 산업체 남성근로자를 대상으로 건강관리 실천, 식행동 및 영양소섭취실태를 조사하였으며, 그 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 알코올의존도 분석 결과, '정상음주군'은 84명(38.2%), '문제음주군' 45명 (20.4%), '알코올의존 I군' 60명 (27.3%), '알코올의존 II군' 31명 (14.1%)이었다. 조사대상자의 평균연령은 45.42 ± 10.63세이며, 연령이 높아질수록 알코올의존도가 유의적으로 낮아졌다. 건강관리 실천의 총점은 50점 중 34.66점, 평균값은 3.47점이었다. 알코올의존도에 따라 '정상음주군', '문제음주군', '알코올의존 I군', '알코올의존 II군'의 순으로 건강관리 실천 수준이 유의하게 낮아졌다. 하위항목 중 '매일 2 L이상의 수준을 섭취하고 있다'는 '문제음주군'이, '평소 6시간 이상의 충분한 수면을 한다', '나는 긍정적인 생활습관을 가지고 있다', '적정한 체형유지를 위해 노력한다', '가까운 거리는 차를 이용하지 않고 걸어 다닌다', '전반적으로 건강하다'는 '정상음주군'이 유의적으로 높았다. 식행동의 총점은 65점 중 44.71점, 평균값은 3.44점이었다. 알코올의존도에 따라 '정상음주군', '문제음주군', '알코올의존 I군', '알코올의존 II군'의 순으로 알코올의존수준이 높아 질수록 식행동 수준이 유의하게 낮아졌다. '식사할 때 소금이나 간장을 넣지 않는다'와 '채소를 먹는 습관이 중요하다'는 '문제음주군'이 유의적으로 높았으나, '식사할 때 채소를 골고루 먹는다', '평소 과일을 자주 먹는다', '식사할 때 과식하지 않는다', '식사 전에 손을 깨끗이 씻는다', '식사 후에 양치질을 한다'는 '정상음주군'이 유의적으로 높았다. 영양소섭취량은 '알코올의존 I군'의 '에너지' (2,472.48 kcal), '비타민 E' (23.98 mg), '비타민 C' (69.05 mg), '니아신' (17.56 mg) 섭취량이 유의적으로 높았다. 관련요인 및 영양소섭취상태 간의 상관관계에서 '연령'은 '알코올의존도'와 음의 상관관계 (r = -0.213), '알코올의존도'는 '건강관리 실천' (r = -0.212), '식행동' (r = -0.199)과 음의 상관관계, '건강관리 실천'은 '식행동' (r = 0.526)과 양의 상관관계를 보였다. '알코올의존도'는 '에너지' (r = 0.168), '수분' (r = 0.160)과 양의 상관관계, '건강관리 실천'은 '칼슘'과 양의 상관관계 (r = 0.138), '식행동'은 '칼슘' (r =0.139), '비타민 C' (r = 0.148), '리보플라빈' (r = 0.140), '엽산' (r = 0.136)과 양의 상관관계를 보였다. 이상의 결과, 충남지역 산업체 남성근로자의 문제음주자 비율이 높은 수준으로 근로자의 건강관리실천, 식행동 및 영양소섭취에 영향을 주고 있었다. 특히, 알코올의존도가 높을수록 모든 지표가 낮게 나타났다. 따라서 근로자들의 건강유지와 근무만족도를 높일 수 있는 음주교육 및 건강 프로그램의 시행이 요구된다.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제51권2호
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• pp.153-167
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• 2018

연구목적은 베이비붐세대와 그의 자녀 세대인 에코세대를 대상으로 세대 간의 식행동, 식생활관련 소비자교육 현황 및 역량, 그리고 식생활 라이프스타일 차이를 분석하고 이를 기초로 세대 간 차이를 고려한 식생활관련 소비자교육 측면에서의 함의를 찾는 것이다. 이를 위해 2016 식품소비행태조사 원자료를 이용하였으며, 총 2,474명 (베이비붐세대 1,304명 52.7%, 에코세대 1,170명 47.3%)을 대상으로 분석하되, 남성, 여성을 구분하여 세대별 차이를 분석하였다. 식행동으로, 집/집에서 만든 도시락으로 식사를 하는 빈도는 베이비붐세대가 에코세대보다 높은 반면, 단체급식, 카페 베이커리, 편의점, 배달 테이크아웃으로 식사를 하는 빈도는 에코세대가 더 높았다. 지난 일주일 동안 함께 한 식사동반자로써 가족은 남녀 공통으로 아침, 점심, 저녁 모두 베이비붐세대가 에코세대보다 높은 반면, 친구 동료와 함께한 식사빈도는 남녀 공통으로 아침을 제외한 점심, 저녁 시 에코세대가 베이비붐세대보다 높은 특성을 보였다. 그러나 혼자 식사를 하는 빈도는 남녀 모두 두 세대 간 대부분 유의한 차이를 보이지 않았다. 음주빈도는 여성 집단에서, 외식빈도는 남녀 모두 에코세대가 더 높았다. 식생활관련 소비자교육 현황 분석결과는 남녀 모두 세대별로 유의한 차이를 보이지 않았으며 전체적으로 소비자교육 경험률은 매우 낮아, 식품관련 소비자교육 경험자는 전체의 1.6%, 정부주최 식품관련 홍보행사 혹은 소비자단체의 식품관련 행사 경험자는 전체의 1.1%, 1.6% 수준을 각각 보였다. 그러나 이러한 참여 경험이 식생활에 주는 도움 정도는 전체 응답자의 경우 5점 리커트의 3.54점 수준을 보였으며, 식품관련 소비자교육에 대한 태도는 5점 리커트의 3.55점 수준을 보였다. 식생활 관련 1순위 정보원은 베이비붐세대가 주위사람인 반면, 에코세대는 방송으로 나타났으며, 인터넷 블로그 혹은 SNS를 1순위 정보원으로 선택한 경우는 남성, 여성 모두 에코세대가 베이비붐세대에 비해 높게 나타났으며, 정부 혹은 소비자단체의 홈페이지를 정보원으로 선택한 경우는 두 세대 모두 거의 없었다. 식품구입 시 정보이용역량은 여성의 경우, '식품구입 시 필요한 정보를 검색하는 방법을 잘 알고 있음' 측정문항에서만 에코세대가 베이비붐세대보다 유의하게 높았으며, 그 이외의 측정문항은 남녀 모두 세대 간 유의한 차이를 보이지 않았다. 건강한 식생활 역량은 지식수준의 경우 남녀 모두 세대별로 유의한 차이를 보이지 않은 반면, 실천수준은 남녀 모두 베이비붐세대가 에코세대보다 매우 유의하게 높았다. 건강한 식품 (국내산, 지역산, 친환경, 안전한 식품)에 대한 관심도는 남녀 모두 베이비붐세대가 에코세대에 비해 유의하게 높았으나, 가격이 비싸더라도 구입하겠다는 구매실천의지는 남녀 모두 세대별로 유의한 차이를 보이지 않았다. 5개의 식생활 라이프스타일 중 남녀 모두 건강추구 라이프스타일은 베이비붐세대에서 에코세대보다 유의하게 강하게 나타난 반면, 간편추구, 맛 품질추구 라이프스타일은 에코세대에서 강하게 나타났으며, 경제적 (가격)추구와 소량구매추구 라이프스타일은 세대간 차이를 보이지 않았다.