• 한국식품영양학회지
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• 제28권6호
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• pp.995-1003
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• 2015

This study was to investigate the association among satisfaction of nutrition labeling, change of purchase behaviors, and dietary life care, based on the awareness of nutrition labeling at expressway rest areas. The subjects (n=903) were divided into two groups, according to the awareness of nutrition labeling: Awareness of Nutrition Labeling (ANL) group, n=367; Non Awareness of Nutrition Labeling (NANL) group, n=536. Effort of health care and identification of nutrition labeling was significantly higher in the ANL group, compared with the NANL group. As for the main reason for not identifying nutrition labeling, 'not interested in nutrition labeling' was the highest in the ANL group, and 'Don't know nutrition labeling is provided' in the NANL group. Identification ratio of nutrition labeling in future was significantly higher in the NANL group, compared with the ANL group among the subjects who didn't identify nutrition labeling before. After their becoming aware, a change of food purchase after reading the nutrition labeling was significantly higher in the ANL group, compared with the NANL group. Health beliefs on the nutrition labeling were significantly higher in the ANL group, compared with the NANL group. Satisfaction of nutrition labeling was also significantly higher in the ANL group, compared with the NANL group. The ANL group also expressed a necessity of expansion of nutrition labeling, compared with the NANL group. In the ANL group, identification of nutrition labeling was significantly higher in the hard effort group, compared with the little effort group of dietary life care. Therefore, improvement and campaign of nutrition labeling for consumers at expressway rest areas, especially for the NANL group, will be effective in identifying nutrition labeling for their health care.

• 한국지역사회생활과학회지
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• 제20권3호
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• pp.413-421
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• 2009

The purpose of this study was to analyze the patterns and the interrelationships for meeting guidelines of three health behaviors including physical activity(PA), sedentary behavior(SB), and dietary behavior(DB) for Korean adolescents using 2007 KYRBS(Korea Youth Risk Behavior Survey) data. A cross-sectional design was used to assess 73392 middle-high school students. PA(moderate physical activity${\geqq}$5times/week, or vigorous ${\geqq}$3times/week), SB(watching TV, computer, DVD, video, etc. < 3 hr/day), and DB(servings of fruits ${\geqq}$1 times/day, or vegetables ${\geqq}$ 3 times/day) were categorized into two levels (meeting guidelines or not). Chi-squared tests were conducted to compare the prevalence of students not meeting these three health behaviors between boys and girls, and logistic linear regression was used to determine the interrelationships of three health behaviors. Students meeting guidelines for PA, SB, and DB were 31.0%(boys 42.6%, girls 18.0%), 74.7%(boys 75.4%, girls 74.0%), and 38.5%(boys 38.6%, girls 38.4%), respectively. In addition, there were significant differences between both genders for PA and SB (PA; $x^2(1)$=35175.11, p<.0001, SB; $x^2(1)$=19.44, p<.0001). Only 10.9% of students met all three guidelines and 12.4% did not meet all three. Pattern that simultaneously did not meet PA and DB were high in both boys(27.1%) and girls(37.2%). Students who did not meet DB were at greater risk of not meeting PA(Boys; OR 1.49, 95% CI 1.43 to 1.55, Girls; OR 1.42, 95% CI 1.34 to 1.50), and not meeting SB(Boys; OR 1.41, 95% CI 1.34 to 1.48, Girls; OR 1.36, 95% CI 1.29 to 1.43) compared with students who met DB. The findings of this study supported further evidence for the need of a multiple behavior approach considering gender and interrelationships among three behaviors.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제38권4호
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• pp.313-319
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• 2005

Adequate vitamin $B_2$, vitamin $B_6$, folate and vitamin $B_{12}$ intakes are known to be important for the growth and development in infants. The purpose of this study was to evaluate concentrations of vitamin $B_2$, vitamin $B_6$, folate and vitamin $B_{12}$ in human milk and to investigate the relationship between vitamin B levels in human milk and dietary habits and other health-related behaviors. Milk samples were obtained from 38 healthy lactating women (aged 29.0 $\pm$ 3.2 years) who are participating in the cohort study on pregnant women. Vitamin $B_2$ concentrations in human milk were positively correlated with maternal vitamin $B_2$ intakes in lactating mothers. Vitamin $B_6$, folate and vitamin $B_{12}$ concentrations in human milk were not correlated with maternal B vitamin intakes. Vitamin $B_6$ concentrations in human milk were negatively correlated with the amount of postpartum weight loss. The vitamin B concentrations in human milk were not associated with maternal age, height, weight and parity. Mothers who were exposed to indirect smoking had lower vitamin $B_2$ concentrations, and those who reported to consume health foods had higher vitamin $B_2$ concentrations in their milk. In conclusion, lactating women need to consume more vitamin B intakes for the growth and development in infants. Further researches are needed to find other diet and health-related factors which influence on B vitamin concentrations in human milk.

• 동아시아식생활학회지
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• 제25권3호
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• pp.405-416
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• 2015

This study aimed to compare the dietary habits, nutritional knowledge, and health-related behaviors of students by high school type using questionnaires. The subjects were 586 male students (academic high school students (AS); 294, specialized high school students (SS); 292) in Jinju, Gyeongnam. The frequencies of eating breakfast and snacks were higher in AS than in SS (p<0.05), whereas the frequency of drinking was higher in SS than in AS (p<0.05). The main reason for skipping breakfast was 'poor appetite' in AS (45.2%) and 'lack of time' in SS (56.5%) (p<0.05). Favorite snacks included 'pizza, hamburger' (33.0%) and 'bread, noddle, ramyun' (31.0%) in AS as well as 'pizza, hamburger' (32.5%) and 'fruit, fruit juice' (26.0%) in SS. A mean of 56.2% of students ate an unbalanced diet, and the main reason was 'untasty' (47.2%). The frequency of eating out was higher in SS than in AS (p<0.05), and the main menu while eating out was 'Korean food' in AS (96.3%) and SS (90.3%). The frequency of 'meat, fish, egg, beans' was higher in AS than in SS (p<0.05). On the other hand, the frequencies of 'fruit, fruit juices' (p<0.05), 'milk, milk products' (p<0.01), 'seaweeds' (p<0.05), 'instant foods' (p<0.001) and 'soda and ion drinks' (p<0.001) were higher in SS than in AS. The mean rates of drinking and smoking in students were 84% and 29.5%, respectively. The main reason for drinking and smoking was 'to relieve stress' in AS (38.0%) and SS (30.9%) (p< 0.001). In general, the nutritional knowledge level of SS was higher than that of AS. In conclusion, there were significant differences in the frequencies of eating breakfast, food intake, drinking and reasons for eating snacks, unbalanced diet, drinking and smoking between AS and SS. Therefore, it's necessary to provide proper nutritional education for students according to high school type.

• 한국조리학회지
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• 제11권4호
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• pp.77-91
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• 2005

본 연구는 서울 동대문구에 소재한 답십리 초등학교 4, 5, 6학년 학생을 표본으로 선정하여 성별에 따른 식생활 양상을 전반적으로 비교하였다. 조사내용은 영양 지식, 식습관, 식생활 양상으로 분류하여 2004년 4월 10일부터 4월 30까지 조사하였다. 첫째, 조사 대상자가 영양 지식을 얻는 곳은 TV/라디오(56.6%)가 가장 많았고, 학교(25.4%), 가정(17.8%)의 순이었으며, 영양 지식 평균 점수는 여학생(7.03점/10점 만점)이 남학생(6.90점/10점 만점)보다 높게 나타나서, 여학생은 아주 좋음군(7.4이상$\sim$10점/10점 만점), 남학생은 좋음군(5.5 이상${\sim}$7.4이하/10점 만점)에 가장 많음으로써 성별에 따른 차이를 보였으나, 통계적 유의성은 없었다. 둘째, 조사 대상자의 식습관 평균 점수는 여학생(4.79점/10점 만점)이 남학생(4.77점/10점 만점)보다 높게 나타났고, 대부분은 보통군(3.5 이상${\sim}$5.4이하/10점 만점)에 속했으며, 아주 좋음군(7.4 이상${\sim}$10점/10점 만점)은 여학생(15.9%)이 남학생(34.2%)보다 많았다. 셋째, 조사 대상자의 식생활 양상을 비교한 결과를 살펴보면, 여학생(68.3%)과 남학생(61.4%) 모두 아침 식사를 가장 규칙적으로 섭취하고 있었지만, 저녁 식사는 여학생(21.7%)이 남학생(15.5%)보다 덜 섭취하는 것으로 조사되어, 성별에 따른 유의성(p<.001)을 보였다. 또한 남학생(40.6%)이 여학생(27.5%)보다 육식을 좋아하는 것으로 나타나 성별에 따른 유의적 상관 관계(p<.01)를 나타내었다. 식사 속도는 15${\sim}$20분이 42.0%로 가장 많았으며, 성별에 따라서는 10${\sim}$15분 동안에 남학생(29.4%)이 여학생(18.7%)보다 빨리 먹어 통계적 차이(p<.05*)를 나타냈고, 대부분이 편식을 하는 것으로 조사되었다. 체중 조절 경험 여부의 결과는 여학생이 체중 조절을 전혀 안하는 경우(35.7%)가 남학생(60.4%)보다 적게 나타남에 따라 성별에 따른 많은 통계적 차이(p<.001***)를 보였다. 이상의 결과를 종합하면, 초등학교 학생들의 식생활 양상은 성별에 따라 많은 차이를 드러내었다. 즉 여학생이 남학생보다 영양 지식도 높구 식습관도 좋고 식생활 전반에 걸친 행동도 보다 좋게 평가됨으로써 초등학교에서는 성별에 따른 차별화된 영양 교육과 식생활에 관한 기초 지식을 강화해야 함을 알 수 있었다. 또한 초등학교 학생들의 올바른 식습관 형성을 위해 보다 효과적인 방법으로는 학교 급식의 질적인 발전이다. 학교 급식의 질적 향상을 위해, 성별에 따른 기호도 조사와 이를 바탕으로한 복수 식단 제공과 함께, 연령에 맞는 기준량과 섭취하는 양을 제시함으로써 바람직한 방향으로 식품을 섭취할 수 있게 지도해야 하며, 자율배식을 도입하여 편식예방과 급식에 대한 만족도를 높여야 할 것이다.

• 한국지역사회생활과학회지
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• 제20권1호
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• pp.19-32
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• 2009

The purpose of this study was to examine household food insecurity and the associations of food insecurity with socioeconomic characteristics, food behaviors, health status and nutrient intake among elderly people in a rural area. This study included 191 elderly people (mean age = $72.0{\pm}7.4$) in Jeollabuk-do, Jangsu-gun. House food insecurity was measured using an adapted version of the USDA short form household food insecurity scale, and nutrient intake measured by a 24-hour dietary recall. Only 15.2% of the subjects were in food-insecure households, 84.8% of the elderly households were food-secure. The food-insecure households were significantly lower in the number of family, frequency of shopping, and perceived health status than the food-secure households. In addition, they had serious tooth problems and NSI (Nutrition Screening Index) scores. Food-insecure households were significantly lower in most areas of nutrient intake (energy, protein, fat, Ca, P, Fe, K, Na, Zn, Vit. $B_2$, niacin, Vit. E), and also lower in nutrient intake compared to dietary reference intake (energy, protein, P, Fe, K, Na, Vit. $B_1$, Vit. $B_2$, niacin, Vit. E). These results suggest that the household food insecurity measures used in this study were an important indicator of nutritional well-being among elderly persons in the rural area. Food insecurity should be considered an important issue to public health and food service programs should be expanded for food-insecure households in rural areas.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제53권1호
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• pp.13-26
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• 2020

본 연구의 목적은 성격 5요인 (외향성, 개방성, 친화성, 성실성, 신경증)에 따른 식습관, 건강관련행태의 관련성을 파악하기 위하여 경기도 성남지역 대학생 남녀 337명을 대상으로 NEO 성격검사 (NEO-II test)를 실시하고 식습관 및 건강관련행태를 조사하여 비교분석하였다. 조사대상자의 일반사항은 전체 337명중 남자 133명, 여자 204명이었으며, 연령은 남자의 경우 평균 21세, 여자의 경우 평균 20세이었다. 조사대상자의 성격요인별 점수를 분석한 결과 남자의 경우 여자에 비해서 외향성, 개방성, 친화성, 성실성 점수가 더 높았고, 여자는 신경증의 점수가 더 높게 나타났다. 조사대상자의 식습관에 영향을 미치는 성격요인을 분석한 결과 남자의 경우 외향성 점수가 높은 사람이 낮은 사람에 비해 인스턴트·패스트푸드 섭취는 0.20(95% CI, 0.06-0.66), 채소반찬은 3.02 (95% CI, 1.05-8.64)이었으며, 친화성 점수가 높은 사람이 낮은 사람에 비해서 과일 섭취는 0.29 (95% CI, 0.10-0.84)으로 나타났다. 남자의 경우 신경증 점수가 높은 사람이 낮은 사람에 비해 고콜레스테롤 음식 섭취는 3.03 (95% CI, 1.06-8.67)로 분석되었다. 여자의 경우 개방성 점수가 높은 사람이 낮은 사람에 비해 탄 생선·고기 섭취는 4.99 (95% CI, 1.57-15.81), 동물성 지방의 섭취는 0.30 (95% CI, 0.13-0.68)이었으며, 음식 섭취시 영양적 균형 고려는 3.16 (95% CI, 1.24-8.01)로 나타났다. 여자의 경우 성실성 점수가 높은 사람이 낮은 사람에 비해서 탄 생선·고기 섭취는 0.35 (95% CI, 0.13-0.89)이었으며, 음식 섭취시 영양적 균형성을 고려하는 정도는 2.72 (95% CI, 1.01-7.33)으로 분석되었다. 조사대상자의 건강관련행태에 영향을 미치는 각 성격요인을 분석한 결과, 남자의 경우 개방성 점수가 높은 사람이 낮은 사람에 비해 신체활동은 3.04 (95% CI, 1.36-6.79)이었으며, 신경증 점수가 높은 사람이 낮은 사람에 비해 흡연은 4.82 (95% CI, 1.90-12.22), 충분한 수면 정도는 0.33(95% CI, 0.13-0.85)으로 분석되었다. 여자의 경우 외향성 점수가 높은 사람이 낮은 사람에 비해서 흡연은 4.00 (95% CI, 1.25-12.83)이었으며, 친화성 점수가 높은 사람이 낮은 사람에 비해 신체활동은 3.04 (95% CI, 1.04-8.81)으로 나타났다. 본 연구결과 성별로 성격요인에 따라 식습관, 건강관련행태의 차이를 보였으며, 일부 성격요인별 식습관의 분석결과에서는 외국의 연구결과와 상이하게 나타났다. 따라서 개인 성격특성을 반영한 맞춤형 영양상담이 되기 위해서는 보다 많은 국내 표본을 대상으로 연구결과의 축적이 요구되는 바이다.

• 한국식생활문화학회지
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• 제16권1호
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• pp.43-57
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• 2001

This study was to investigate the changes in dietary practices, reasons for making dietary changes, current food consumption patterns, and eating habits. Data were collected from 515 parents whose children were attending an elementary school and a middle school in Kimcheon. Among the twenty food groups studied, subjects reported eating more fruit, vegetables, lower-fat meats, high-fat meats, reduced/skim milk, and eggs and less sugar, fats, rice, salt, potato/sweet potato, and chicken. The changes in dietary practices except high-fat meats and salt were significantly different between sex, age, education level, income level, or BMI groups. The primary reason for making dietary changes was 'concerned about family's health'. The average rate of never eating breakfast or less than 2 times per week was found to be 23.2% with a greater rate in younger age group. The rate of breakfast skipping was found to vary between different age and education groups. The regularity of mealtime and overeating practices were significantly different between age groups. Eating out practices were found to vary between different age, education, and income groups. People at younger age group in Kimcheon should be targeted for nutrition education about eating habits. These findings are applicable at the planning and implementation stages of various nutritional improvement projects.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제51권5호
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• pp.455-464
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• 2018

본 연구는 2011년 7월 4일부터 2011년 8월 24일까지 중학생들의 식행동 실태와 식행동과 학업관련 인자의 관계를 분석하고자 경기지역의 일부 중학교의 남자 중학생 295명, 여자 중학생 285명을 대상으로 설문지 조사 방법을 통하여 학업관련 인자와 식행동을 조사하여 분석하였다. 연구대상자들의 수면시간은 6~8시간 미만이 71.3%로 많았고, 학교 외 공부시간은 2~4시간 미만이 가장 많았다. 과외, 학원 공부에 대한 스트레스에서는 '거의 받지 않는다'가 가장 많았으며 남학생이 여학생 보다 스트레스를 더 많이 받고 있었다. 중학생들의 식습관 점수는 '과일을 매일 먹습니까?' '아침은 매일 규칙적으로 먹습니까?'의 점수가 높았고, '식사를 할 때는 식품 배합을 생각해서 먹습니까?의 점수가 가장 낮았다. 평균 식습관 점수는 남학생 $3.69{\pm}0.67$점 여학생은 $3.62{\pm}0.67$점으로 중간정도 수준으로 양호한 것으로 나타났다. 식습관에서 남학생들은 '우유를 매일 마십니까?, 여학생들은 '과일을 매일 먹습니까?'에서 높은 점수를 나타내었다. 중학생의 하루 평균 식사횟수는 3회하는 학생이 가장 많았고 한 끼 식사에 걸리는 시간은 10 ~ 20분 걸리는 학생이 가장 많았으며, 남학생이 여학생 보다 한 끼 식사에 걸리는 시간이 짧았다. 식사가 규칙적인편인 학생이 가장 많았으며 간식 섭취 횟수는 하루 1 ~ 2회가 가장 많았다. 학업관련인자에 따른 식행동 실태에서는 학교 외 공부시간이 2시간 이상인 학생들이 2시간 미만 공부하는 학생에 비해 식습관 점수가 높았고, 학교외 공부시간 2시간 미만인 학생이 2시간 이상 공부하는 학생에 비해 2끼를 먹는 비율이 유의적으로 높게 나타났다. 수면시간이 증가할수록, 하루 평균 공부시간이 많은 학생일수록 식사를 규칙적으로 하는 비율이 증가하였다. 이상의 결과를 종합하면, 조사대상 중학생들은 대체로 적정 시간의 수면을 취하고 있었고, 전체적으로 학생들의 과외, 학원 공부에 대한 스트레스 정도는 크지 않은 것으로 나타났다. 식습관은 중간 이상의 점수였으며, 하루 3끼니의 식사를 하고 식사가 규칙적인 학생들이 많았다. 또한 학생들의 수면시간과 학교 외 공부시간이 식습관 점수와 식행동에 관련성을 보였다. 따라서 본 연구 대상자들의 식습관이 비교적 양호하고, 학업 관련 스트레스도 크지 않게 나타난 것은 매우 다행스럽다고 할 수 있다. 그러나 식습관이 수면시간과 학교 외 공부시간 등의 학업관련 인자와 관련성을 보였으므로, 특히 학업 부담으로 인한 학업관련 인자들의 문제를 가지고 있는 학생들에게 더 많은 관심을 가지고, 학생들이 규칙적인 식습관을 형성할 수 있도록 올바른 식행동에 대한 교육이 이루어져야 하겠다.

• 동아시아식생활학회지
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• 제19권6호
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• pp.909-920
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• 2009

This study was performed to compare the dietary behaviors of university students in Incheon area by residence types. The population was divided into 4 groups by residence types: family home in Incheon, family home in another area except Incheon, boarding house and, university dormitory. The general subject, health behavior, and dietary behavior of each group were investigated using a one-week questionnaire and the results were as follows. The average height, weight, and BMI were 175.67 cm, 69.8 kg, and 22.61, respectively, for males and 161.84 cm, 51.51 kg, and 19.66, respectively, for females. The most common residence type of the students was the family home in Incheon. Smoking rate of the students living in a boarding house was higher than the other groups. The rate of exercising and consumption of supplements were lower than the other groups. Most of the students frequently skipped breakfast. Boarding and dormitory students missed breakfast more than any of the other groups. The main reason for skipping meals was lack of time. The favorite snack type was confectionery and ice cream. Most of the students had snacks between lunch and dinner or after dinner. The frequency of consuming beans, fruits and, dairy products among 13 food items for boarding and dormitory students were lower than the other groups. The results of this study suggest that nutritional education for university students is needed to improve their dietary behavior and to maintain their health.