• Nutritional Sciences
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• v.7 no.4
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• pp.247-253
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• 2004

This study has investigated the effect of dietary attitudes on nutritional status of nurses living in Kyungnam province. A total of 249 muses working at hospitals in the Kyungnam area participated in this study. The general characteristics and dietary attitudes of the subjects were surveyed using a self-administered questionnaire, and nutrient intakes were examined using one day 24-hour recall method from November 14 to December 20, in 2001. The data of nutrient intakes were analyzed by the Computer Aided Nutritional Analysis Program and then the diet quality was estimated using the Index of Nutritional Quality (INQ). The subjects were classified as the high score group (17.3 %), medium score group (54.2%), and low score group (28.5%) based on dietary attitude score. The results were as follows: Average age of subjects was 27.1 years old, average nursingexperience was 5.7 years, and 70.7% of the subjects graduated from a junior college. The rate of shift work (45.4%) and non-shift work (54.6%) were similar. The average score on dietary attitudes in thehigh score group was 78.8, and those in he medium score group and in the low score group were 58.6 and 40.8 out of 100 points respectively. The average intake of energy (p < 0.001), carbohydrate (p < 0.001), protein (p < 0.05), animal protein (p < 0.01), animal fat (p < 0.05), vitamin $B_1$ (p < 0.01), vitamin $B_2$ (p < 0.0l), niacin (p < 0.001), Ca (p < 0.001), Fe (p < 0.001), animal Fe (p < 0.01), P (p < 0.001), and crude fiber (p < 0.00l), were significantly higher in the high score group than those in the medium score group and low score group. In the high score group, the average intake of protein, vitamin $B_1$, niacin, vitamin C and P were above 125% of the Korean RDA, and in medium score group, those of vitamin C and P, and in low score group, that of vitamin C were above 125% of the Korean RDA. In the high score group, nutrient of intake below 75% of the Korean RDA was Ca, and those in medium score group were vitamin $B_2$, Ca, and Fe, and those in low score group were energy, vitamin $B_2$, Ca and Fe. The intake ratio of Ca and P showed an unbalanceof 1:2, and that of animal protein/plant protein, and that of animal fat/plant fat were high (1.45-1.64) in all group;. The dietary attitude had a positive correlation (p < 0.00l) with nutrition intake except vitamin A and vitamin C.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.30 no.3
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• pp.549-559
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• 2000

The purpose of this study was to investigate the correlation between the knowledge and educational needs related to recurrent in coronary artery bypass graft patients as a basis to provide an individual nursing education for the population. The subjects consisted of 110 patients who had coronary artery bypass graft(CABG) at Asan Medical Center in Seoul and Sechong hospital in Buchon. Data was obtained from a knowledge questionnaire and a learning needs questionnaire between November 1998 and February 1999. Data were analyzed using SAS program for Wilcoxon rank sum test and Spearman correlation coefficient. The results were as follows : 1. With regard to the 18 items to measure knowledge, the mean (median) of items 'don't know' was 4.9(4) items. The mean (median) of items answered wrong was 3.2(3) items. The number of items answered 'don't know' tend to show higher in those who had less education, blue color jobs and myocardiac infarction history than in their counter parts. There were higher frequency of items answered 'don't know' in those who had no hypertension 2. With regard to the level of knowledge by questionnaire about CABG, The most "I dont know" (59.1%) highly response was 'He has to be treated with anticoagulant drug to prevent revasculized vessel from obstructing.' The seond highest response (56.4%) was 'If you were hypotensive, the coronary attack would collapse. 'During the hospitalized day, the patient has complete bedrest.' The highest error probability was cholesterol has not to intake.', 'After surgery, the sexual life is need controlled for 1 year. 3. The mean of educational needs was 3.38. With regard to the level of learning needs by sentence about CABG, 'Food that benefit heart disease', 'Recurrence possibility of heart disease', 'Management method of operation site', 'Risk symptom that visit hospital or report immediately' were higher than other sentenses. With regard to the level of learning needs by factor 'food(5 items)', 'disease(9 items)' and 'exercise(3 items)' showed the highest than other factors. The educational needs by patients characteristics tend to show higher in males, under the age of 49, middle or high school degree, previous experience of admission with coronary artery disease, history of myocardial infarction, expierience of PTCA, history of cerebro-vascular accident, previous expierience of smoking than in their counter parts. 4. The number of items answered 'don't know', wrong and correct weren't correlated with the level educational needs. As the results, the number of items answered 'don't know' tend to show higher in those who had less educated, blue color jobs and myocardiac infarction history than in their counter parts. There were higher frequency of items answered 'don't know' in those who had no hypertension .There were higher frequency of items answered 'don't know' on anti-thrombolitic theraphy, hypotension and pain relief. Also there were higher frequency of items answered wrong on bed rest period, cholesterol intake, and sexual life. Educational needs were higher in young age group, had previous experience of procesure and history of other disease. And when we educate CABG patients, education for diet, recurrence possibility of disease, management methods of operation site and risk symptom should be emphasized.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.50 no.4
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• pp.376-382
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• 2017

Purpose: The consistent rise in the number of foreign students in Korea demands an accurate and detailed investigation into their dietary practices and nutritional status. For these international students, assimilation into new cultures can be stressful. The influence this process may have on dietary behaviors as well as overall health cannot be overlooked. Methods: The researchers in this study sought to investigate the nutritional status and dietary practices of Ghanaian students studying in Korea. A total of 81 Ghanaian male students with an average age of $29.4{\pm}4.0years$ were sampled between May and June 2016. Investigations were carried out on the general characteristics of the participants, their daily food and nutrient intakes using a 24-h dietary recall method, meal skipping practices, and the nutritional quality of their diets based on their meal skipping habits. Results: The study revealed that the daily nutrient intake of subjects did not fully meet the daily recommended nutrient intake (RNI) established by Ghanaian Ministry of Health and the World Health Organization (WHO) and Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO), particularly for energy, calcium, iron, zinc, and vitamin B2 requirements. The Nutrient Adequacy Ratio (NAR) for calcium was very low, posing a deficiency risk to the participants. Meal skipping practices among participants changed significantly after arriving in Korea. The study also compared the diet quality indicators (Nutrient Adequacy Ratio and Mean Adequacy Ratio) of those who skipped meals ${\geq}7times/week$ with those who skipped meals < 7 times/week. Participants who skipped meals ${\geq}7times/week$ were shown to have lower dietary intakes of vitamins B1 and B2 than those who skipped meals < 7 times/week. Conclusion: Ultimately, the study found that meal skipping among Ghanaian students was common, and their daily nutrient intakes did not meet the set dietary standards. Those who skipped meals ${\geq}7times/week$ had lower dietary intakes of vitamins B1 and B2 than those who skipped meals < 7 times/week. Based on our study findings, we recommend that nutrition education should be organized for the Ghanaian student community in Korea using our results as a template to draw up a nutrition program that is culturally appropriate.

• Korean journal of food and cookery science
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• v.31 no.4
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• pp.448-455
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• 2015

This study evaluated the awareness and recognition of Tangpyeongchae by university students in Chungnam province. A total of 416 questionnaires were analyzed using the SPSS software program (version 21.0). The results were summarized as follows. The students compared of food and nutrition majors (59.4%) and non-food and nutrition majors (40.6%). This survey was performed from May 20 to Jun 8, 2015. More food and nutrition major students got better impression after eating Tangpyeongchae than non-food and nutrition majors. Among the students, 59.4% was not aware that Tangpyeongchae was derived from Tangpyeongchaek, and 57.7% didn't know that it was a Korean royal cuisine. Food and nutrition major students knew more of the background story for the dish than non-food and nutrition major students. The corresponding level of recognition for Tangpyeongchae as a dish representing the image of Korea with a combination of the 5 cardinal colors, known as obangsaek was high, at 4.27 and 4.17, respectively out of 5. Over 60% of the students answered Tangpyeongchae's image with the taste of Korea, followed by healthy food, harmony, nutritious food, diet food and tasty food. These results suggest that may have great potential for globalization as a traditional dish with the image and taste of Korea.

• The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.61-72
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• 1989

This study was conducted to gather the baseline data on realities of experimental-practice and opinions toward spot-practice, and to examine how to cope with the problems raised at the Department of Food and Nutrition of Junior Technical College in Korea. Questionnaires were gathered from 42 chairmans of the Department of Food and Nutrition and 140 Present dieticians worked in Seoul, Bucheon am Seongnam area. The results are as follows, First, as a whole, each college had 2~3 experimental laboratory (Lab), in which Cooking Science Lab. Chemistry Lab and Microbiology Lab were occurred at higher frequency as Lab's name. Second, the numbers per experimental-practice class were more than 40 at most colleges. 85% of Present dieticians have answered to feel too much numbers per the class during their college days, whereas professors' opinions toward the numbers per class were suitable at 20~30 persons per class. Third, professors' opinion toward the adquate ratio of the theory subject classes to experimental subject classes was suitable at 60 : 40. Dieticians answered to take the theory subject classes partly or mostly on behalf of the experimental-practice classes. Fourth, the main reasons which inhibited normal experimental-practice class were the class for emphasis on examination, the shortage of experiment budget, the excess of class members, the shortage of experimental Lab Also, this results showed same propensity to present dieticians' opinion toward the same question above. Fifth, among the experimenta1-practice subjects established at the Department of Food and Nutrition, Diet Therapy Lab was highest frequency class emphasized on theory followed by Nutrition Counselling Lab, Food Processing and Storage Lab, Food Hygiene Lab and Food Microbiology Lab in that order. Here, Basic Chemistry Lab, Biochemistry Lab, Food Microbiology Lab were pointed as subjects far from the present task of dieticians. Sixth, Department of Food and Nutrition, as a whole, has conferred with spot-practice arrangement About 50% (all who want to join spot-practice) of second year students took part in spot-practice. In the other way, all colleges except for 2 colleges didn't give the credit for the spot-practice system. Seventh, according to the on analysis on spot-practice places, manufacturing company was at highest frequcney followed by hospitals, elementary school having group feeding system in that order. Especially, 16.7% (5 colleges) of the total colleges sent the students to the research institute related to food industry for spot-practice experience. Eighth, Professors' opinions toward the spot-practice time and period were preferable on summer vacation of second year and for 1~2 weeks, respectively. On the contrary, 74 dieticians answered to the adquate period as for 4 weeks. Ninth, 86 dieticians of the total 140 answered to complete the spot-practice during their college days, which helps the present task of them. Lacks of spot-practice program, Lacks of comprehension of upper personals and lacks of group feeding equipments ranks higher as difficulties in spot-practice management.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.46 no.2
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• pp.237-244
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• 2014

The total phenolics, total flavonoids, and antioxidant capacities of ten commercial products of Japanese apricot (maesil) were evaluated, including four kinds of alcoholic drinks, two kinds of soft drinks, and four kinds of concentrate found in the Korean market. The daily per capita consumption (g/capita/day) of each product was calculated from in the existing dataset of the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey in 2010. Using the combined datasets indicated above, the daily per capita intake of total phenolics from maesil product consumption was found to be 1.05 mg gallic acid equivalents. The daily per capita intake of total flavonoids was determined to be 0.13 mg catechin equivalents, and the daily per capita intake of antioxidant capacities were measured at 0.70 mg vitamin C equivalents (1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl assay), and at 1.04 mg vitamin C equivalents (2,2'-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) assay). The daily per capita intakes of total phenolics, total flavonoids, and antioxidant capacities were influenced by the daily quantity of consumption of maesil products, as well as their compositional contents.

• Culinary science and hospitality research
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• v.22 no.5
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• pp.25-36
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• 2016

This study examined the factors that affect the relationship between single-person households, food related life style, restaurant selection attributes, and behavioral intention. In order to perform statistical analyses required in the study, SPSS 18.0 Statistical Program was employed for frequency analysis, factor analysis, reliability analysis, correlations, and regression analysis. The results of exploratory factor analysis showed that four factors regarding food related life style were extracted from all measurements with a KMO of 0.716 and a total cumulative variance of 64.437%, With regard to restaurant selection attributes, one factor was extracted with a total cumulative variance of 75.372% and a KMO score of 0.739. One factor for behavioral intention was extracted that accounted for a total cumulative variance of 61.312% and a KMO score of 0.666. All factors were significant to .000 and the correlation between variables was significant. Thus, based on the results, the main research hypotheses regarding the relationships among food related life style restaurant selection attributes, and behavioral intention were adopted.

• Journal of the East Asian Society of Dietary Life
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• v.15 no.6
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• pp.663-674
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• 2005

The factors for the childhood onset obesity were assessed to provide informations for the nutrition education program targeting the primary school children. The subjects of this study were 529 primary school children in Iksan City, Jeon-buk Province. Children were classified into obese(236) and control(293) groups by the obesity index. Anthropometric measurement dietary intake through 24-hour recall method, blood analysis and questionnaire response including nutritional knowledge and attitude, body image recognition and eating habits were conducted The mean age of subject was 12.0 years. The average body weight(p<0.001), BMI(p<0.001), and obesity index(p<0.001) in obese group were significantly different from those in control group; their values in the former were 26.5 kg/m2 and $37.7\%$ and 43.0 kg, 19.8 kg/m2 and $3.2\%$ in the latter, respectively. The average scores of self-satisfaction were significantly different in two groups (p<0.001), 31.2, and 34.1, respectively. Among the obese subjects, $60.6\%$ were unsatisfied or very unsatisfied with their body image, and $76.5\%$ had experiences of weight control and $67.5\%$ took diet control as a weight control method Among mothers of obese subjects, $89.1\%$ were unsatisfied with their children's body image. $64.4\%$ of obese subjects had obese parents. Average intake of energy were $76.7\%$ of RDA in obese group and $74.9\%$ of RDA in control group. Average intake of cereals(p<0.01), potatoes & starch(p<0.01) and eggs(p<0.01) between obese and control subjects were significantly different; 295.4g, 76.2g, 55.6g in the former and 277.9g, 38.1g, 45.6g in the latter, respectively. The mean serum triglyceride(p<0.05), GPT(p<0.05), hemoglobin(p<0.001) concentration of the obses and control subjects were significantly different; in the former, 103.6mg/dL, 24.6U/L, 13.4g/dL, and in the latter, 93.7mg/dL, 19.9U/L, 13.1g/dL, respectively, The results suggest that practical nutrition education for the prevention of childhood onset obese should be provided to primary school children.

• Journal of Korean Medicine for Obesity Research
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.1-11
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• 2004

Objectives: The effects of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor ${\gamma}2\;(PPAR{\gamma}2)$ Pro12Ala (P12A) polymorphism on body mass index (BMI) and type 2 diabetes are well documented; however, until now, only a few studies have evaluated the effects of this polymorphism on body fat distribution. This study was conducted to elucidate the effects of this polymorphism on computed tomography (CT)-measured body fat distribution and other obesity-related parameters in Korean female subjects. Methods & Results: The frequencies of $PPAR{\gamma}2$ genotypes were: PP type, 93.0%; PA type, 6.8%; and AA type, 0.2%. The frequency of the A allele was 0.035. Body weight (P .012), BMI (P .012), and waist-to-hip ratio (WHR) (P .001) were significantly higher in subjects with PA/AA compared with subjects with PP. When body composition was analyzed by bioimpedance analysis, lean body mass and body water content were similar between the 2 groups. However, body fat mass (P .003) and body fat percent (P .025) were significantly higher in subjects with PA/AA compared with subjects with PP. Among overweight subjects with BMI of greater than 25, PA/AA was associated with significantly higher abdominal subcutaneous fat (P .000), abdominal visceral fat (P .031), and subcutaneous upper and lower thigh adipose tissue (P .010 and .013). However, among lean subjects with BMI of less than 25, no significant differences associated with $PPAR{\gamma}2$ genotype were found, suggesting that the fat-accumulating effects of the PA/AA genotype were evident only among overweight subjects, but not among lean subjects. When serum lipid profiles, glucose, and liver function indicators were compared among overweight subjects, no significant difference associated with $PPAR{\gamma}2$ genotype was found. Changes in body weight, BMI, WHR, and body fat mass were measured among overweight subjects who finished a 1-month weight lose program of a hypocaloric diet and exercise; no significant differences associated with $PPAR{\gamma}2$ genotype were found. Conclusions: The results of this study suggest that the $PPAR{\gamma}2$ PA/AA genotype is associated with increased subcutaneous and visceral fat areas in overweight Korean female subjects, but does not significantly affect serum biochemical parameters and outcomes of weight loss programs.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.19 no.11
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• pp.1644-1650
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• 2009

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of 12-week walking exercise on body composition, physical fitness, cardiovascular function, blood lipids, GH, IGF-1and leptin in obese and normal middle school girls. Participants included 12 pairs of middle school girls who were matched for sex, age and stratified by BMI (Obese Group: BMI$\geq$25.0; Normal Group: BMI<23.0). The variables of all factors were measured in all the subjects before and after the 12-week walking exercise program. The test data were analyzed by paired t-test, and t-test using the SPSS 14.0 statistics package and the alpha level of p<0.05 was set for all tests of significance. Body composition showed a significant difference in both groups, but the variables of physical fitness, cardiovascular function, blood lipids, growth hormone, and leptin did not show a significant difference in the two groups. We conclude that regular and continuous walking exercise improved body composition, physical fitness, cardiovascular function, blood lipids, and insulin factors in both groups. Consequently, these findings suggest that walking exercise will be effective for preventing obesity and improving health-related factors in the middle school girls.