• 한국환경독성학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국환경독성학회 2001년도 추계심포지움 및 학술발표회:환경오염의 생체지표를 이용한 위해성 평가의 최근 기법
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• pp.104-104
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• 2001

• Environmental Analysis Health and Toxicology
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• 제8권1_2호
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• pp.19-29
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• 1993

The toxicity and histopathologic changes of diazinon (O, O-diethy-O-(2-isopropyl-6-methyl-4-pyrimidinyl)phosphorothioate) was investigated in rat. Rat was treated with diazinon (100 mg/kg/day) by oral administration for 12 days. The experimental results were summarized as follows. Biochemical parameters such as ALT, AST, LDH and glucose in serum were significantly increased and hematological parameters such as Hb, Hct and PLT in blood were slightly increased in treated groups. Also the activities of serum cholinesterase were very significantly decreased in treated groups. In the histopathological changes, the normal lobular architectural pattern of the liver was well preserved in all treated groups. However, vacuolation or fatty change were represent in hepatocytes. Sections of liver from rats treated with diazinon for 3 and 6 days contained slight lipid infiltration in the form of small droplets randomly distributed that were graded minimal (＋) or moderate (＋＋) compared with the respective control condition. After 9 days, there were numerous small and large vacuoles in the terminal hepatic venule and perilobular areas of many serial sections of these rats indicative of fatty infiltration which were graded moderate (＋＋) and severe (＋＋＋). After 12 days, fatty infiltration progressed periportal tract areas and graded severe (＋＋＋) and very severe (＋＋＋＋) in experimental groups. Note absence of cellular necrosis or inflammation.

• 한국응용곤충학회지
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• 제26권3호
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• pp.159-163
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• 1987

4종류(種類)의 살충제(殺蟲劑)(monocrotophos, diazinon(유기인계(有機燐系)), carbofuran, BPMC(carbamates계(系)) 중 두 약제(藥劑)를 택하여 1대 1 비율로 섞은 6가지 혼합제(混合劑) 조합(組合)들에 대한 협력작용(協力作用)을 보이는 조합(組合)을 발견하기 위하여 벼멸구(Nilaparvata lugens)와 끝동매미충(Nephotettix virescens)을 공시하여 실험을 수행하였다. 1. 벼멸구에 대하여는 carbofuran과 diazinon 조합(組合) 및 BPMC와 carbofuran 조합(組合)이 협력작용계수(協力作用係數) 200정도로 효과적이었다. 2. 끝동매미충(N. virescens)에 대하여는 diazinon과 monocrotophos 조합(組合)이 협력작용(協力作用) 계수(係數) 234로 효과적이었다. 3. 여타의 조합(組合)들은 독립용작(獨立用作)내지 부가작용을 보였다.

• 한국식품위생안전성학회지
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• 제35권2호
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• pp.152-161
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• 2020

본 연구에서는 총각무에 검출빈도가 높은 3성분의 농약을 선택하여 농약 침지 후 잔류농약이 총각김치제조 과정에서 제거되는 정도를 측정하였다. 총각무의 절임과 세척 과정 후에는 초기 처리농도에 대비 잎은 diazinon, diniconazole 및 dimethomorph 각각 43.8%, 41.9% 및 89.8%가 제거되었으며, 뿌리는 59.5%, 54.7% 및 85.1%가 제거되었다. 4℃에서 김치를 숙성하는 과정 중 농약의 잔류량은 4주간의 숙성기간 동안 초기 처리농도 대비 잎은 diazinon 82.4%, diniconazole 77.1% 그리고 dimethomorph 98.9%가 제거되었고, 뿌리의 경우 diazinon 94.0%, diniconazole 91.8% 그리고 dimethomorph 90.0%가 제거되었다. 총각김치 잔류농약 제거율을 제조과정별 상대적인 백분율로 나타낸 결과 절임과정에서 가장 많은 잔류농약 제거율을 보였으며, 그 결과 농약 3종은 44.6%-66.5%가 제거되었다. 반면 뿌리에서 diazinon, diniconazole은 숙성과정에서 51.8%-55.8%로 가장 많은 잔류농약 제거율을 보였다. 3종의 농약이 잔류하는 김치를 0℃, 4℃에서 4주간 숙성시키면서 온도에 따른 농약제거율의 차이를 살펴본 결과, diazinon은 뿌리에서 4℃가 0℃에 비해 농약제거율이 2.7%-10.8%가 높은 것으로 확인되었다. 그 이외의 농약에서는 숙성온도 별 잔류농약 제거율의 차이는 미미한 것으로 확인되었다.

• Toxicological Research
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• 제17권4호
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• pp.287-296
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• 2001

The acute oral LD5O toxicity values of isazofos, pyraclofos, diazinon and methomyl were determined for Japanese quail based on OECD guideline. The $LD_{50}$ of isazofos, pyraclofos and diazinon was 16.26 mg/kg, and 7.11mg/kg body weight In female respectively. And the $LD_{50}$ of each chemical in male was 21.44, 35.64, 8.28 mg/kg body weight respectively. Diazinon was the most susceptible compounds to Japanese quail in both sexes. The $LD_{50}$ of methomyl was 21.24 mg/kg body weights in female, and 28.28 mg/kg body weight in male respectively. Diazinon, isazofos and methomyl were more toxic In the female than male. The symptoms of poisoning were similar in quails administrated with each chemicals. The clinical sign in Japanese quail were ataxia, salivation, diarrhea, ruffled feather and convulsion at dead point. There were severe hemorrhage and catarrhal inflammation from duodenum to ileum In all compounds. In Japanese quail treated with organophosphorus and carbamate compounds, brain acetylcholinesterase was inhibited by 88-96. The recovery was not observed after 5 h in sublethal dose.

• Applied Microscopy
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• 제14권2호
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• pp.66-80
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• 1984

The organic phosphorus compounds have been widely used as an insecticide, since toxicity of these compounds is especially drastic to the insects than to men and other mammals. The organic phosphates are rapidly hydrolized and hence have little cumulative and ecologic effects. However, due to their acute toxic effects organophosphate have recorded rather high fatalities in men and domestic animals. The organic phosphorus compounds are powerful inhibitors to the carboxylic esterase enzymes such as acetylcholinesterase and pseudocholinesterase. As a result of firm binding characteristics of phosphate radicals to the active sites of enzyme, the activities of these enzymes are inhibited by the organophosphates. The organophosphates such as diazinon is easily observed from skin, gastrointestinal tract, conjunctivas and respiratory tract, and it is converted to more toxic form during metabolism in the liver The present study was carried out in order to investigate the hepatotoxicity of diazinon by observing the changes in the ultrastructure of cytoplasmic organelles of hepatic cells in albino mice. The animals were killed at 6, 12 and 24 hours after administration of 25mg/kg diazinon. The piece of hepatic tissue obtained from each animal was ultrathinly sectioned. The specimens stained by uranyl acetate and lead citrate double contrast methods were observed with JEM model 100B electron microscope. The results obtained were as follows: 1) A prominent dilatation and sacculation of the cisternae of rough endoplasmic reticulum associated with detachment of membrane bound-ribosomes, and disaggregation of the free ribosomes were recognized. 2) The hypertrophy of the smooth endoplasmic reticulum associated with depletion of the glycogen particles was observed. 3) The atrophy of cisternae of Golgi complex was observed. 4) A large number of secondary lysosomes (autophagic vacuoles and residual bodies) were formed. Consequently it is suggested that diazinon would induce disorganization of the cytoplasmic organelles of hepatocytes in albino mice.

• 농업과학연구
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• 제32권2호
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• pp.223-231
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• 2005

In order to know the residual pattern of pesticides and predict to the degradation period until below MRL, we experimented diazinon, iprodinon and chlorfenapyr for shallot. They were the most detected pesticide in shallot by NAQS (National Agricultural product Quality management Service) survey. In this experiment, we sprayed those pesticides 15days before harvest and analyzed 0, 1, 2, 3, 5, 7, 10, 14 day sample to establish logical equation and to calculate $DT_{50}$. During the cultivating period, the residue amount of diazinon was changed from 1.02 mg/kg (0 day) to 0.01 mg/kg (14 day), $DT_{50}$ was 2.19 days, and iprodione was changed from 1.45 mg/kg (0 day) to 0.14 mg/kg (14 day), $DT_{50}$ was 4.15 days, and chlorfenapyr was changed from 1.5 mg/kg (0 day) to 0.01 mg/kg (14 day), $DT_{50}$ was 1.97 days. The $DT_{50}$ of double amount in those pesticides, diazinon was 2.24 days, iprodione was 4.82 days, and chlorfenapyr was 2.24 days, respectively.

• 한국환경농학회지
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• 제25권2호
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• pp.174-179
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• 2006

Chinese cabbage, Braccica campestris has long been consumed as a staple food for Koreans in various forms of fresh, salted, and fermented Kimchi. Cultivation of the crop under greenhouse has become a general practices to fulfill its off-seasonal consumer's demand. However, agricultural practices of the crop have always accompanied with heavy applications of pesticides caused by severe outbreaks of diseases and pose under warm and humid circumferences. Since dissipation patterns of pesticide residues in/on the crop under greenhouse conditions ate quite different from those in the open-air, changes of diazinon, O,O-diethyl O-2-isopropyl-6-methylpyrimidin-4-yl phosphornthioate, in/on the Chinese cabbage applied by foliar spraying under greenhouse were studied. Diazinon 34% EC was applied with dilution of recommended and double dose to the crop. The shoots of crop were harvested immediately after this application and at regular intervals over a 10-day. After sample preparations, the diazinon residue was analyzed using gas chromatography equipped with electron capture detector (GC/ECD). Initially deposited amount of the chemical in/on the crop right after applications with recommended and double doses were 8.3 and 15.2 mg/kg, respectively. The residue levels after 10 days of application were 0.03 and 0.09 mg/kg with 1.3 and 1.5 days of half-life in/on the crop, respectively. In consequent 10 days of pre-harvest interval (PHI) for diazinon EC formulation in/on Chinese cabbage under greenhouse condition was fulfill maximum residue level set by Korea Food and Drug Administration (KFDA, 0.1 mg/kg).

• 한국응용곤충학회지
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• 제23권3호
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• pp.172-176
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• 1984

몇가지 수도용 살충제를 공시하여 아치사약량 수집($LD_{10}$과 $LD_{50}$)을 처리하였을 때 차세대 벼멸구의 밀도에 미치는 영향을 조사한 결과 1. 농약원제의 $LD_{10}$과 $LD_{50}$ 수집의 약량을 처리하였을 때 공시약제 모두 무처리밀도보다 낮았고 $LD_{50}$보다 $LD_{10}$ 수집에서 밀도증식이 높았으며 Diazinon 처리에서 밀도증식이 비교적 높았다. 2. 제품농약의 유천약량을 벼멸구 자성충과 약충에 처리한 다음 1세대후 벼멸구의 약충기간은 약간 지연되는 경향이었으나 우화율은 약제처리에서 약간 높은 경향이나 자성충의 수명은 약제간에 큰 차이가 없었다. 그러나 산란수는 무처리에 비하여 Diazinon 처리에서 오히려 높았다. 3. 제품농약의 유천약량을 처리한 후 밀도변동을 조사한 결과 처리 약 38일까지는 무처리에 비하여 낮은 밀도를 보였으나 54일후 Diazinon 처리에서는 오히려 벼멸구의 밀도가 높게 나타났다.

• 농약과학회지
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• 제11권3호
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• pp.194-200
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• 2007

갈색여치(Paratlanticus ussuriensis)의 방제약제를 선발하는 목적으로 시판되고 있는 33종의 살충제의 종령약충과 성충에 대한 살충활성을 조사하였다. 모든 시험은 살충제의 추천농도(ppm)로 수행하였다. 종령약충과 성충에 대해 유기인계인 acephate, chlorpyrifos, diazinon, EPN, fenitrothion과 혼합제인 chlorpyrifos+${\alpha}$-cypemethrin이 처리방법에 관계없이 100%의 살충률을 나타내었다. 그러나 페닐피라졸계인 fipronil은 엽침지법에서만 100%의 살충률을 나타내었다. 카바메이트계인 benfuracarb와 furathiocarb는 80%이상의 활성을 나타내었다. 혼합제인 etofenprox+diazinon, esfenvalerate+fenitrothion은 종령약충에 $60{\sim}80%$의 살충활성을 나타내었다. 잔효성실험에서 acephate, chlorpyrifos, diazinon, EPN, fenitrothion 약제처리 후 1일째까지는 100%의 살충율을 나타내었으나, 그 이후는 효과가 없었다.